Citizen Emperor (162 page)
Authors: Philip Dwyer
| 60 . | Vandal, Napoléon et Alexandre , i. p. 108. |
| 61 . | Vandal, Napoléon et Alexandre , i. p. 61; Adams, Napoleon and Russia , p. 180. |
| 62 . | Tourtier-Bonazzi, Lettres d’amour à Joséphine , p. 297 (25 June 1807). |
| 63 . | Cited in Alan Palmer, Alexander I: Tsar of War and Peace (New York, 1974), p. 157. |
| 64 . | According to Abel-François Villemain, Souvenirs contemporains d’histoire et de literature , 2 vols (Paris, 1854–5), i. p. 164. |
| 65 . | Caulaincourt, Mémoirs , i. p. 67. |
| 66 . | Belissa, Repenser l’ordre européen , pp. 249–51. |
| 67 . | Adams, Napoleon and Russia , p. 197. |
| 68 . | Alexander agreed to mediate between France and Britain, an offer that was politely but firmly rejected by London, whose position was intractable. On the mediation efforts see Schroeder, Transformation of European Politics , pp. 328–9. |
| 69 . | Adams, Napoleon and Russia , pp. 192–3. |
| 70 . | Schroeder, Transformation of European Politics , pp. 320–1. |
| 71 . | Frederick William to Luise, 4 July 1807, in Paul Bailleu, ‘Die Verhandlungen in Tilsit (1807): Briefwechsel König Friedrich Wilhelm’s III. und der Königin Luise’, Deutsche Rundschau , 110 (1902), 29–45, 199–221, here 216. |
| 72 . | Stamm-Kuhlmann, König in Preußens großer Zeit , pp. 252–4. |
| 73 . | Las Cases, Mémorial , i. pp. 736–8; Paul Bailleu, ‘Königin Luise in Tilsit’, Hohenzollern-Jahrbuch. Forschungen und Abbildungen zur Geschichte der Hohenzollern in Brandenburg-Preussen , 3 (1899), 221–40; Lenz Max, ‘Tilsit’, Forschungen zur brandenburgischen und preussischen Geschichte , 6 (1893), 181–237; Stamm-Kuhlmann, König in Preußens großer Zeit , pp. 258–66. On Queen Luise see Günter de Bruyn , Preußens Luise : vom Entstehen und Vergehen einer Legende (Berlin, 2001); and for the fascinating cult that developed after her death see Philipp Demandt, Luisenkult: die Unsterblichkeit der Königin von Preußen (Cologne, 2003). |
| 74 . | François, Journal , p. 537 (27 June 1807). |
| 75 . | T. C. W. Blanning, ‘The Bonapartes and Germany’, in Baehr and Richter (eds), Dictatorship in History and Theory , p. 55. The following figures are from: Karl Obermann, ‘La situation de la Prusse sous l’occupation française, 1807–1813’, in Occupants Occupés, 1792–1815 (Brussels, 1969), pp. 263–75; Rudolf Ibbeken, Preussen 1807–1813: Staat und Volk als Idee und in Wirklichkeit: Darstellung und Dokumentation (Berlin, 1970), pp. 91–5; Bernd von Münchow-Pohl, Zwischen Reform and Krieg: Untersuchungen zur Bewusstseinslage in Preussen 1809–1812 (Göttingen, 1987), pp. 49–56; Harald Müller, ‘Napoleon in der Gruft der Garnisonkirche’, in Bernhard Kroener (ed.), Potsdam : Staat , Armee , Residenz in der preussisch-deutschen Militärgeschichte (Frankfurt, 1993), pp. 345–60; Matthew Levinger, Enlightened Nationalism: The Transformation of Prussian Political Culture, 1806–1848 (Oxford, 2000), p. 44; Karen Hagemann, ‘Mannlicher Muth und teutsche Ehre’: Nation, Militär und Geschlecht zur Zeit der antinapoleonischen Kriege Preußens (Paderborn, 2002), pp. 24–8; Karen Hagemann, ‘Occupation, Mobilization, and Politics: The Anti-Napoleonic Wars in Prussian Experience, Memory, and Historiography’, Central European History , 39:4 (2006), 589–94. |
| 76 . | C. B. A. Behrens, Society, Government and the Enlightenment: The Experiences of Eighteenth-Century France and Prussia (London, 1985), pp. 190–1. |
| 77 . | Corr. xiii. n. 10992 (13 October 1806). |
| 78 . | According to Enno E. Kraehe, Metternich’s German Policy , 2 vols (Princeton, 1963), i. p. 98. |
| 79 . | Branda, Le prix de la gloire , pp. 332–5. |
| 80 . | As does, for example, Stamm-Kuhlmann, König in Preußens großer Zeit , p. 257, but he repeats what many others before him have asserted. |
| 81 . | As has been demonstrated by Ilya Mieck, ‘Die Rettung Preußens? Napoleon und Alexander I. in Tilsit 1807’, in Ilya Mieck and Pierre Guillen (eds), Deutschland–Frankreich–Rußland: Begegnungen und Konfrontation (Munich, 2000), pp. 15–35. |
| 82 . | Alan Palmer, Metternich: Councillor of Europe (London, 1972), pp. 56–7. |
| 83 . | Alexander M. Martin, ‘The Russian Empire and the Napoleonic Wars’, in Dwyer (ed.), Napoleon and Europe , pp. 255–6. |
| 84 . | Rey, Alexandre Ier , p. 225. |
| 85 . | Roxandra Edling, Mémoires de la Comtesse Edling (née Stourdza), demoiselle d’honneur de S.M. l’impératrice (Moscow, 1888), pp. 29–30, 50; Hartley, Alexander , pp. 78–9; Martin, ‘The Russian Empire’, 257; Rey, Alexandre Ier , pp. 245–6. |
| 86 . | See André Ratchinski, Napoléon et Alexandre Ier: la guerre des idées (Paris, 2002), pp. 275–84. |
| 87 . | Hugh Ragsdale, ‘Russian Foreign Policy, 1725–1815’, in Dominic Lieven (ed.), The Cambridge History of Russia , 3 vols (Cambridge, 2006), ii. p. 526. |
| 88 . | Savary to Talleyrand (23 August 1807), report by Auguste de Saint-Aignan (no date), Savary to Napoleon (9 September 1807), and Savary to Napoleon (23 September 1807), in Sbornik , lxxxiii. pp. 33, 41–3, 58–9, 80, 86, 140; Comte de Björnstjerna (ed.), Mémoires posthumes du Feld-Maréchal comte de Stedingk , 3 vols (Paris, 1844–7), ii. pp. 354–5 (10 October 1807); Lentz, Savary , pp. 165–9. |
| 89 . | Caulaincourt, in love with the married Mme de Canisy, was promised by Napoleon that if he went away for a year everything would be sorted out when he returned. It was a promise the Emperor did not keep. Caulaincourt, Memoirs , i. pp. 53–60. |
| 90 . | Dominic Lieven, Russia against Napoleon: The Battle for Europe, 1807 to 1814 (London, 2009), p. 61. |
| 91 . | Martin, Romantics, Reformers, Reactionaries , p. 50. |
| 92 . | Charles Francis Adams (ed.), Memoirs of John Quincy Adams , 12 vols (New York, 1970), ii. p. 69 (16 November 1809). |
| 93 . | Martin, ‘The Russian Empire’, p. 256; Martin, Romantics, Reformers, Reactionaries , pp. 16–17, 39–56; Tim Blanning, The Romantic Revolution: A History (New York, 2011), pp. 146–7. |
| 94 . | Dimitri Sorokine, Napoléon dans la littérature russe (Paris, 1974), pp. 23–6. |
| 95 . | Marc Raeff, Michael Speransky: Statesman of Imperial Russia, 1772–1839 (The Hague, 1969), pp. 82–169; David Christian, ‘The Political Ideals of Michael Speransky’, Slavonic and East European Review , 54 (1976), 192–213. |
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