Citizen Emperor (160 page)

 
128
. The Declaration of Ortelsburg, 12 December 1806. See Gordon A. Craig,
The Politics of the Prussian Army, 1640–1945
(Oxford, 1964), p. 42; Stamm-Kuhlmann,
König in Preußens großer Zeit
, pp. 245–6; Clark
, Iron Kingdom
, pp. 312–13.

 
129
. Clark,
Iron Kingdom
, p. 312.

 
130
. Mathias Tullner, ‘Die preußische Niederlage bei Jena und Auerstedt (Hassenhausen) und die Kapitulation von Magedeburg’, in Mathias Tullner and Sascha Möbius (eds),
1806: Jena, Auerstadt und die Kapitulation von Magdeburg: Schande oder Chance
? (Halle, 2007), pp. 130–9; and Wilfried Lübeck, ‘November 1806 – die Kapitulation von Magdeburg, die feige Tat des Gouverneurs v. Kleist?’, in ibid., pp. 140–52.

 
131
. John G. Gallaher,
Napoleon’s Enfant Terrible: General Dominique Vandamme
(Norman, 2008), pp. 176–9.

 
132
. In 1944, Goebbels diverted considerable forces from the eastern front to make a film about the siege in an effort to boost morale. On the making of
Kolberg
see Friedrich Kahlenberg, ‘Preußen als Filmsujet in der Propagandasprache der NS-Zeit’, in Axel Marquardt and Hans Rathsack (eds),
Preußen im Film
(Hamburg, 1981), pp. 135–63.

 
133
. Metternich,
Mémoires
, i. p. 107.

 
134
. See Katherine Aaslestad, ‘Revisiting the Continental System: Exploitation to Self-Destruction in the Napoleonic Empire’, in Dwyer and Forrest (eds),
Napoleon and his Empire
, pp. 114–32. On the widespread practice of smuggling see Silvia Marzagalli,
Les boulevards de la fraude: le négoce maritime et le Blocus continental, 1806–1813: Bordeaux, Hambourg, Livourne
(Villeneuve-d’Ascq, 1999); Gavin Daly, ‘Napoleon and the “City of Smugglers”, 1810–1814’,
Historical Journal
, 50:2 (2007), 333–52.

 
135
. Christine Sutherland,
Marie Walewska: Napoleon’s Great Love
(London, 1979), pp. 54–5.

 
136
. Savary,
Mémoires
, ii. p. 26.

 
137
. Friedrich Schulz,
Voyage en Pologne et en Allemagne, fait en 1793, par un Livonien
, 2 vols (Brussels, 1807), i. pp. 46–72.

 
138
. Casimir Stryienski (ed.),
Memoirs of the Countess Potocka
, trans. Lionel Strachey (London, 1901), p. 80. The authenticity of the legend is questioned by Andrzej Nieuwazny, ‘Marie Walewska, la belle Polonaise de Napoléon’,
Napoléon 1er
, 7 (March–April 2001), 6–11; by Gaspard Gourgaud,
Journal de Sainte-Hélène, 1815–1818
, 2 vols (Paris, 1944), i. p. 108, who quotes Napoleon admitting that Talleyrand fixed him up; and by Rémusat,
Mémoires
, i. p. 121, who believed Murat procured Walewska for him.

 
139
. An English translation of her memoirs can be found at www.walewski.org/the_diary_of_marie_walewska.

 
140
. Tourtier-Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour à Joséphine
, pp. 233–4, 235, 236–7, 237–8, 242 (3, 7, 8, 11 and 23 January 1807); Chevallier and Pincemaille,
L’impératrice Joséphine
, pp. 318–19.

 
141
. Tourtier-Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour à Joséphine
, pp. 239, 240, 241 (16, 18 and 19 January 1807).

 
142
. Tourtier-Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour à Joséphine
, pp. 280–1 (10 May 1807).

 
143
. Tourtier-Bonazzi,
Lettres d’amour à Joséphine
, pp. 221, 225, 247, 250 (2, 9 December 1806, 9, 11 February 1807).

 
144
. Max Gallo,
Lettres d’amour: à Désirée, Joséphine, Marie et Marie-Louise
(Paris, 2005), pp. 157, 158 (2 and 12 January 1807); Masson,
Napoléon et les femmes
, pp. 229, 234.

 
145
. Constant,
Mémoires
, iii. pp. 269–70.

 
146
. If Marcel Handelsman,
Napoléon
et la Pologne (1806–1807)
(Paris, 1909), pp. 91–2, exaggerates when he states that this was a period in which his ‘genius’ flourished, there is little doubt that Napoleon was feverishly busy during his stay at Finckenstein.

12:
Zenith