Citizen Emperor (157 page)
Authors: Philip Dwyer
| 16 . | Burton, Blood in the City , p. 73; Cabanis, Le sacre de Napoléon , pp. 97–8. |
| 17 . | See, for example, Christian Pfister, Les fêtes à Nancy sous le Consulat et le Premier Empire (1799–1813) (Nancy, 1914), pp. 89–92. |
| 18 . | Bouët du Portal, ‘A propos de la Saint-Napoléon’, 160. In 1804, it was the ‘Napoleon Battery’ in the harbour of Cherbourg; in 1806, it was the posing of the first stone of the Arc de Triomphe; in 1808, the inauguration of the Arc du Carrousel; in 1809, it was the opening of the Ourcq canal, and the relocation and restitution of the Fontaine des Innocents (today near Les Halles); in 1810, the inauguration of the Vendôme Column; in 1811, the opening of the Port Napoléon at Cherbourg. |
| 19 . | Such as J. Mayer and Abraham de Cologna, Odes hébraïques pour la célébration de l’anniversaire de la naissance de S.M. l’Empereur des François et roi d’Italie (Paris, 1806). |
| 20 . | Pierre de Joux, Discours de bénédiction, de reconnaissance et d’actions de grâces pour l’anniversaire de la naissance de l’empereur Napoléon-le-Grand (Nantes, n.d.), pp. 4–5. |
| 21 . | See, for example, Melchior-Bonnet, Napoléon et le Pape , p. 289. |
| 22 . | Léon de Lanzac de Laborie, La Domination française en Belgique: Directoire, Consulat, Empire, 1795–1814 , 2 vols (Paris, 1895), ii. pp. 113–22; Leflon, Etienne-Alexandre Bernier , ii. pp. 271–2; Michael Broers, The Politics of Religion in Napoleonic Italy: The War against God, 1801–1814 (London, 2002), pp. 82–5. |
| 23 . | André Latreille, Le Catéchisme Impérial de 1806: études et documents pour servir à l’histoire des rapports de Napoléon et du clergé concordataire (Paris, 1935), pp. 80–1; Latreille, L’Eglise catholique et la Révolution française , ii. pp. 135–9; Melchior-Bonnet, Napoléon et le Pape , pp. 86–8. |
| 24 . | Bernard Plongeron, ‘Le catéchisme impérial (1806) et l’irritante leçon VII sur le quatrième commandement’, in Marie-Madeleine Fragonard and Michel Peronnet (eds), Catéchismes et confessions de foi (Montpellier, 1995), pp. 287–310; Plongeron, ‘De Napoléon à Metternich’, pp. 652–4. |
| 25 . | Rowe, From Reich to State , p. 147. This was not always the case in the German-speaking departments. Stephan Laux, ‘Das Patrozinium “Saint Napoléon” in Neersen (1803–1856): ein Beitrag zur Rezeption der napoleonischen Propaganda im Rheinland’, in Jörg Engelbrecht and Stephan Laux (eds), Landes- und Reichsgeschichte: Festschrift für Hansgeorg Molitor zum 65. Geburtstag (Bielefeld 2004), pp. 351–81. |
| 26 . | Hagen Schulze, States, Nations, and Nationalism: From the Middle Ages to the Present , trans. from the German by W. E. Yuill (Oxford, 1996), p. 177; Jean-René Aymes, ‘Du catéchisme religieux au catéchisme politique (fin du XVIIIe siècle–début du XIXe)’, in Jean-René Aymes, Voir, comparer, comprendre: regards sur l’Espagne des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles (Paris, 2003), pp. 179–200. |
| 27 . | Telesko, Napoleon Bonaparte , pp. 9–10; Barbara Beßlich, Der deutsche Napoleon-Mythos: Literatur und Erinnerung 1800–1945 (Darmstadt, 2007), pp. 72–5. The following quotation is from Nancy Nobile, The School of Days: Heinrich von Kleist and the Traumas of Education (Detroit, 1999), pp. 121–7, here p. 123. |
| 28 . | Corr. xi. n. 9633 (31 December 1805). |
| 29 . | Haegele, Napoléon et Joseph Bonaparte , p. 192. |
| 30 . | Jacques Rambaud, Naples sous Joseph Bonaparte, 1806–1808 (Paris, 1911), pp. 13–14. |
| 31 . | A good portrait of Maria Carolina is to be had in Jean-Paul Garnier, Murat, roi de Naples (Paris, 1959), pp. 110–26. |
| 32 . | William Henry Flayhart, Counterpoint to Trafalgar: The Anglo-Russian Invasion of Naples, 1805–1806 (Columbia, SC, 1992), pp. 53–172. |
| 33 . | On the rise and fall of the Republic see John A. Davis, ‘The Neapolitan Revolution of 1799’, Journal of Modern Italian Studies , 4:3 (1999), 350–8; John A. Davis, Naples and Napoleon: Southern Italy and the European Revolutions, 1780–1860 (Oxford, 2006), pp. 72–93. |
| 34 . | Rambaud, Naples sous Joseph Bonaparte , pp. 1–2. |
| 35 . | Davis, Naples and Napoleon , pp. 130–2, 147, 249; Jordan, Napoleon and the Revolution , pp. 78–80. |
| 36 . | Corr. xi. n. 9625 (27 December 1805). |
| 37 . | Corr. xi. n. 9685 (19 January 1806). |
| 38 . | According to Miot de Melito, Mémoires , ii. pp. 279–80. |
| 39 . | Haegele, Napoléon et Joseph Bonaparte , pp. 206–7. |
| 40 . | Moniteur universel , 1 April 1806. |
| 41 . | See Martijn van der Burg, ‘Transforming the Dutch Republic into the Kingdom of Holland: The Netherlands between Republicanism and Monarchy (1795–1815)’, European Review of History/Revue européenne d’histoire , 17:2 (2010), 151–70, here 157–60. |
| 42 . | Rémusat, Mémoires , iii. pp. 33–4; Johann Joor, ‘Les système continental et sa signification pour le royaume de Hollande’, in Annie Jourdan (ed.), Louis Bonaparte: roi de Hollande, 1806–1810 (Paris, 2010), pp. 132–3. |
| 43 . | Louis Bonaparte, Documents historiques et réflexions sur le gouvernement de la Hollande , 3 vols (Brussels, 1820), iii. p. 260; Schama, Patriots and Liberators , p. 609. |
| 44 . | Burg, ‘Transforming the Dutch Republic’, 159–62. |
| 45 . | Napoleon to Louis, 5, 6 and 16 November 1806, in Lecestre (ed.), Lettres inédites , i. pp. 77, 79, 80. |
| 46 . | Corr. xii. nos. 9959, 10360, 10400 and 10572 (12 March, 13 and 22 June, 30 July 1806). |
| 47 . | Las Cases, Mémorial , ii. pp. 375–6; Albert Du Casse, Les rois frères de Napoléon Ier: documents inédits relatifs au premier empire (Paris, 1883), p. 102. |
| 48 . | Corr. xv. n. 12291 (4 April 1807). |
| 49 . | Louis Bonaparte, Documents historiques , i. pp. 164–5; Schama, Patriots and Liberators , p. 547. |
| 50 . | Masson, Napoléon et les femmes , p. 151. |
| 51 . | Boudon, Le roi Jérôme , pp. 155–75. |
| 52 . | On Louis’ reign in Holland see Lentz, Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire , i. pp. 534–40. |
| 53 . | Ehrmann, The Younger Pitt , iii. pp. 819–29; Hague, William Pitt the Younger , pp. 569–78, who argues that Pitt probably died of a peptic ulceration of the duodenum. |
| 54 . | See A. D. Harvey, ‘The Ministry of All the Talents: The Whigs in Office, February 1806 to March 1807’, Historical Journal , 15:4 (1972), 619–48. |
Other books
Marcelo in the Real World by Francisco X. Stork
A Rancher's Desire by Nikki Winter
Embracing Silence by N J Walters
Fly in the Ointment by Anne Fine
Assigned To Him, Book One (An Alpha Billionaire Romance) by Haut Pink Publishing
No Reprieve by Gail Z. Martin
The Sky Drifter by Paris Singer
The Reunion by Kraft, Adriana
Skybreaker by Kenneth Oppel