Citizen Emperor (173 page)
Authors: Philip Dwyer
| 71 . | Corr. xii. n. 9806 (13 February 1806). |
| 72 . | Talleyrand, Mémoires , ii. pp. 100–1. |
| 73 . | Corr. nos. 15218 and 15219 (17 May 1809). |
| 74 . | Victor Bindel, Un rêve de Napoléon: le Vatican à Paris (1809–1814) (Paris, 1943), pp. 14, 87, 143. |
| 75 . | Yves Bercé, ‘Rome, 1796–1814’, in Bruno Foucart (ed.), Camille de Tournon: le préfet de la Rome napoléonienne: 1809–1814 (Boulogne-Billancourt, 2001), pp. 25–32, here p. 30. |
| 76 . | Corr. xx. n. 16263 (17 February 1810). |
| 77 . | Bartolomeo Pacca, Oeuvres complètes du cardinal B. Pacca , 2 vols (Paris, 1845), i. p. 113. |
| 78 . | Sébastien Joseph Comeau de Charry, Souvenirs des guerres d’Allemagne pendant la Révolution et l’Empire (Paris, 1900), p. 428. |
| 79 . | Corr. xix. n. 15528 (15 July 1809). |
| 80 . | Lecestre (ed.), Lettres inédites , i. p. 317 (20 June 1809). |
| 81 . | Corr. xix. n. 15383 (19 June 1809). |
| 82 . | Etienne Radet, Mémoires du général Radet (Saint-Cloud, 1892), pp. 169–86. |
| 83 . | Corr. xix. n. 15555 (18 July 1809). |
| 84 . | Corr. xix. n. 15578 (23 July 1809); Cambacérès, Lettres inédites à Napoléon , ii. p. 703 (30 July 1809). |
| 85 . | Corr. xix. n. 15634 (10 August 1809). |
| 86 . | Lecestre (ed.), Lettres inédites , i. pp. 362–3 (15 September 1809). |
| 87 . | Melchior-Bonnet, Napoléon et le Pape , pp. 195–7. |
| 88 . | Chevallier and Pincemaille, L’impératrice Joséphine , p. 338. |
| 89 . | Girardin, Mémoires, journal et souvenirs , i. p. 343. |
| 90 . | On Josephine’s expenses see Frédéric Masson, Joséphine répudiée (1809–1814 ) (Paris, 1901), pp. 98–105; Rémusat, Mémoires , ii. pp. 342–7; Ernest John Knapton, Empress Josephine (Cambridge, Mass., 1964), pp. 264–5. |
| 91 . | Masson, Napoléon et sa famille , i. pp. 327–8. |
| 92 . | According to Claire de Rémusat, Mémoires de Mme de Rémusat 1802–1808 , introduction and notes by Charles Kunstler (Paris, 1957), p. 71; McLynn, Napoleon , pp. 300–1. |
| 93 . | See Masson, Napoléon et les femmes ; Alain Pigeard, Napoléon amoureux (Paris, 2007), pp. 81–148; Lilly Marcou, Napoléon et les femmes (Paris, 2008), pp. 216–27. |
| 94 . | Masson, Joséphine répudiée , pp. 27–8; Chevallier and Pincemaille, L’impératrice Joséphine , p. 331; Lentz, Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire , i. p. 436. Eléonore returned to Paris three husbands and three decades later as the wife of the Bavarian ambassador. |
| 95 . | Correspondance inédite de Napoléon Ier, de la famille impériale et de divers personnages avec Pauline Borghèse (Paris, 1939), pp. 30, 32, 37; Girardin, Mémoires, journal et souvenirs , i. p. 339. |
| 96 . | Berlier, Précis de la vie politique , pp. 111–12. |
| 97 . | Caulaincourt, Memoirs , i. p. 89. |
| 98 . | Vandal, Napoléon et Alexandre , i. p. 461. |
| 99 . | See, for example, the police report dated 11 February 1808, in Hauterive, La police secrète du premier Empire , iv. p. 54. They appear to have reached the army on campaign in Germany around the beginning of 1810 (Parquin, Souvenirs , p. 207). |
100
. Roderick Phillips,
Family Breakdown in Late Eighteenth-Century France: Divorces in Rouen, 1792–1803
(Oxford, 1980), pp. 159–65; Roderick Phillips,
Putting Asunder: A History of Divorce in Western Society
(Cambridge, 1988), pp. 405–12; Roderick Phillips,
Untying the Knot: A Short History of Divorce
(Cambridge, 1991), pp. 74–80.
101
. Frédéric Masson,
Mme Bonaparte
(Paris, 1920), pp. 336–7; Chevallier and Pincemaille,
L’impératrice Joséphine
, p.6.
102
. Bertrand,
Cahiers de Sainte-Hélène
, iii. pp. 98–9.
103
. Elie Faure,
Napoléon
(Paris, 1983), pp. 103–11.
104
. Masson,
Napoléon et les femmes
; Rémusat,
Mémoires
, ii. pp. 86–95; Caulaincourt,
Memoirs
, ii. pp. 330–1.
105
. Caulaincourt,
Memoirs
, ii. pp. 322, 331.
106
. For what follows, Bausset,
Mémoires anecdotiques
, i. pp. 369–74; Hortense,
Mémoires
, ii. pp. 44–6; Turquan,
L’Impératrice Joséphine
, pp. 182–5; Chevallier and Pincemaille,
L’impératrice Joséphine
, pp. 338–9.
107
. Patricia Mainardi,
Husbands
,
Wives, and Lovers: Marriage and its Discontents in Nineteenth-Century France
(New Haven, 2003), pp. 12–14. On the divorce see Masson,
Joséphine répudiée
, pp. 1–110; Welschinger,
Le Divorce de Napoléon
; Lentz,
Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire
, i. pp. 496–9.
108
. Chatel de Brancion,
Le sacre de Napoléon
, pp. 139–40.
109
. Hauterive,
La police secrète du premier Empire
, iv. p. 54 (11 February 1808).
110
. Chatel de Brancion,
Cambacérès
, pp. 496–7.
111
. Hortense,
Mémoires
, ii. p. 54.
112
. Lavalette,
Mémoires
, p. 263.
113
. Lavalette,
Mémoires
, p. 265. Hortense,
Mémoires
, ii. pp. 44–5, describes another occasion on which Napoleon cried at the thought of being ‘abandoned’.
114
. A similar sentiment is expressed by McLynn,
Napoleon
, p. 465.
115
. Chevallier and Pincemaille,
L’impératrice Joséphine
, pp. 345–6.
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