Citizen Emperor (176 page)

 
100
. AN AFIV 1452 contains a number of poems written for the occasion. See also
Hommages poétiques à leurs majestés impériales et royales
, a collection of poems in two volumes. Two plays that met with a ‘vif succès’ according to the secret police reports were
L’Enfant de Mars et Flore
at the Cirque Olympique, which could hold 2,700 spectators, and
L’Olympe, Vienne, Paris et Rome
at the Odéon (Gotteri (ed.),
La police secrète
, ii. pp. 261 and 271 (28 March and 1 April 1811)). See also John Grand-Carteret,
L’aiglon en images et dans la fiction poétique et dramatique
(Paris, 1901), pp. 33–52, 173–97.

 
101
. 
Moniteur universel
, 21, 23 March 1811. Bulletins concerning the state of health of Marie-Louise were published over the following days, but there was no publication of letters of congratulations by the people. See Jean Tulard,
La province au temps de Napoléon
(Paris, 2003), pp. 175–6; Katherine Aaslestad,
Place and Politics: Local Identity, Civic Culture, and German Nationalism in North Germany during the Revolutionary Era
(Leiden, 2005), pp. 251–2.

 
102
. Petiteau,
Les Français et l’Empire
, pp. 183–4.

 
103
. See, for example, Louis Dubroca,
Discours en actions de grâces à l’Eternel pour la fête de la naissance de S.M. le roi de Rome
(Paris, 1811);
La Naissance du roi de Rome. Dithyrambe en prose poétique, par M.N.M. veuve de Rome, membre de l’académie des arcades de Rome
(Paris, 1811).

 
104
. Pierre Lefranc, ‘Fêtes et réjouissances dans la Vienne à l’occasion de la naissance du roi de Rome’,
Revue de l’Institut Napoléon
, 145 (1985), 59–66; Louis J. Thomas, ‘Montpellier et le roi de Rome’,
Revue des études napoléoniennes
, 3 (1913), 346–66.

 
105
. Gotteri (ed.),
La police secrète
, ii. p. 389 (14 May 1811).

 
106
. Boudon,
Le roi Jérôme
, pp. 356–7; Branda,
Napoléon et ses hommes
, pp. 384–5.

 
107
. Florence Vidal,
Caroline Bonaparte: soeur de Napoléon
Ier
(Paris, 2006), pp. 124–5.

 
108
. Florence Vidal,
Elisa Bonaparte: soeur de Napoléon Ier
(Paris, 2004), pp. 188–9.

 
109
. Cf. Leferme-Falguières,
Les courtisans
, pp. 95–104.

 
110
. Savary,
Mémoires
, v. p. 149.

 
111
. Comeau de Charry,
Souvenirs des guerres
, p. 440.

 
112
. 
Corr.
xiv. n. 11800 (12 February 1807).

 
113
. Examples can be found in
Corr.
xi. nos. 9541, 9546 (3 and 5 December 1805).

 
114
. 
Corr.
xi. n. 3932 (18 October 1805).

 
115
. On this point see Lynn Hunt,
The Family Romance of the French Revolution
(Berkeley, 1992), pp. 17–52; Hughes, ‘Vive la République, Vive l’Empereur!’, pp. 60–3. There is an interesting discussion of the ‘patriarchal family’ and its political implications in Darrin M. McMahon,
Enemies of the Enlightenment: The French Counter-Enlightenment and the Making of Modernity
(New York, 2001), pp. 133–8.

 
116
. See, for example, Georges Bangofsky, ‘Les étapes de Georges Bangofsky, officier lorrain. Extraits de son journal de campagnes (1797–1815)’,
Mémoires de l’Académie de Stanislas
, ii (1905), 320; Chevalier,
Souvenirs
, p. 99, refers to Napoleon as ‘un père de famille au milieu de ses enfants’.

 
117
. 
Corr.
x. n. 8705 (9 May 1805); xii. n. 9912 (2 March 1806); xv. n. 12543 (23 April 1807); xx. n. 16540 (9 June 1810); xxii. nos. 17579, 17832 (6 April, 17 June 1811); Lecestre (ed.),
Lettres inédites
, i. pp. 289–90 (6 March 1809).

 
118
. 
Moniteur universel
, 8 fructidor an XII (26 August 1804); Robinaux,
Journal de route
, pp. 17–18.

 
119
. Petiteau,
Les Français et l’Empire
, p. 86.

 
120
. Hughes, ‘Vive la République, Vive l’Empereur!’, pp. 206, 207.

 
121
. Agathon-Jean-François, baron Fain,
Manuscrit de mil huit cent-quatorze, trouvé dans les voitures impériales prises à Waterloo, contenant l’histoire des six derniers mois du règne de Napoléon
(Paris, 1824), pp. 21–3.

 
122
. Cited in Ida Tarbell,
Napoleon’s Addresses: Selections from the Proclamations, Speeches and Correspondence of Napoleon Bonaparte
(Boston, 1897), pp. 127–30. By the time he reached Elba in exile Napoleon had completely assumed the role. On landing he is supposed to have said to the people gathered to welcome him, ‘I hope that you appreciate my preference for this island, and that you will love me as obedient children [
enfants soumis
]; if so, you will always find me in a mood to treat you with a father’s care’ (Friedrich Ludwig Truchsess, Graf von Waldbourg,
Nouvelle relation de l’itinéraire de Napoléon, de Fontainebleau à l’Île d’Elbe
(Paris, 1815), p. 52).