Citizen Emperor (182 page)
Authors: Philip Dwyer
| 52 . | Gardier, Journal , p. 40. |
| 53 . | Henri Ducor, Aventures d’un marin de la Garde impériale, prisonnier de guerre sur les pontons espagnols, dans l’île de Cabréra et en Russie , 2 vols (Paris, 1833), p. 310. |
| 54 . | See for example Ducque, Journal , p. 10. |
| 55 . | Caulaincourt, Memoirs , i. p. 185. |
| 56 . | Suckow, D’Iéna à Moscou , p. 156. Also Walter, Diary , p. 40; Everts, ‘Campagne et captivité de Russie’, p. 127; Paul-Charles-Amable de Bourgoing, Souvenirs militaires du Bon de Bourgoing, sénateur, ancien ambassadeur en Espagne, ancien pair de France, ministre plénipotentiaire en Russie et en Allemagne, 1791–1815 (Paris, 1897), pp. 88–9. Suicide could lead to veritable epidemics of self-killing in eightenth-century armies, according to Martin Monestier, Suicides: histoire, techniques et bizarreries de la mort volontaire des origines à nos jours (Paris, 1995), pp. 38–9. |
| 57 . | On Jérôme’s performance in Russia see Boudon, Le roi Jérôme , pp. 372–82. On his stay in Poland on the way to Russia see Masson, Napoléon et sa famille , vii. pp. 297–305; Mansuy, Jérôme Napoléon et la Pologne en 1812 , pp. 297–531. |
| 58 . | Cited in Boudon, Le roi Jérôme , p. 381. |
| 59 . | Chevalier, Souvenirs , p. 186. |
| 60 . | Everts, ‘Campagne et captivité de Russie’, p. 126. |
| 61 . | Bourgogne, Mémoires , p. 62. |
| 62 . | Fantin des Odoards, Journal , p. 324. |
| 63 . | Detlev von Uexküll (ed.), Arms and the Woman: The Diaries of Baron Boris Uxkull, 1812–1819 , trans. Joel Carmichael (London, 1966), p. 72 (30 July 1812). |
| 64 . | Waresquiel (ed.), Lettres d’un lion , p. 84 (24 September 1812); Chevalier, Souvenirs , pp. 181, 189–90. Chevalier reports that there was even a light fall of snow towards the end of September, Souvenirs , p. 83 (20 September 1812). |
| 65 . | Labaume, Relation circonstanciée , pp. 152–3. |
| 66 . | Thirion, Souvenirs militaires , pp. 78–9; François, Journal , pp. 646 and 647 (2 and 5 July 1812). |
| 67 . | Thirion, Souvenirs militaires , p. 81; Adrien-Augustin-Amalric, comte de Mailly, Mon journal pendant la campagne de Russie, écrit de mémoire après mon retour à Paris (Paris, 1841), pp. 16–17; Walter, Diary , p. 44. |
| 68 . | Chevalier, Souvenirs , pp. 181–2. |
| 69 . | Bellot de Kergorre, Journal , p. 48. |
| 70 . | Gardier, Journal , p. 39 (Spain); Duverger, Mes aventures , pp. 4–5. |
| 71 . | Puybusque, Lettres sur la guerre de Russie , pp. 32 and 33 (7 July 1812); Gardier, Journal , pp. 39–40; Waresquiel (ed.), Lettres d’un lion , pp. 53 and 55 (3 and 5 June 1812); Walter, Diary , p. 53; Louis-Joseph Vionnet de Maringoné, Souvenirs d’un ex-commandant des grenadiers de la vieille-garde. Fragments des mémoires inédits du lieutenant-général L.-J. Vionnet de Maringoné (Paris, 1899), p. 1; Michel Combe, Mémoires du colonel Combe sur le campagnes de Russie en 1812, de Saxe 1813, de France, 1814 et 1815 (Paris, 1853), p. 78; Brett-James, 1812: Eyewitness , p. 52. |
| 72 . | Suckow, D’Iéna à Moscou , p. 157. |
| 73 . | Girod de l’Ain, Dix ans de souvenirs militaires , pp. 252–3; Ducor, Aventures d’un marin de la Garde impériale , i. pp. 305–6. |
| 74 . | François, Journal , p. 653 (7 August 1812); Suckow, D’Iéna à Moscou , p. 157; Franz Joseph Hausmann, A Soldier for Napoleon: The Campaigns of Lieutenant Franz Joseph Hausmann, 7th Bavarian Infantry , trans. Cynthia Joy Hausmann, ed. John H. Gill (London, 1998), pp. 99, 149. |
| 75 . | Corr. xxiii. and xxiv. nos. 18874 to 18969 (28 June–18 July 1812). |
| 76 . | Antoine Henri de Jomini, Précis politique et militaire des campagnes de 1812 à 1814 , 2 vols (Geneva, 1975), i. 72. |
| 77 . | Duverger, Mes aventures , p. 5. |
| 78 . | Montesquiou-Fezensac, Souvenirs militaires , pp. 233–4; Josselson and Josselson, The Commander , pp. 110–11. |
| 79 . | Villemain, Souvenirs contemporains , i. p. 198. |
| 80 . | Constant, Mémoires , ii. p. 272; Caulaincourt, Memoirs , i. p. 200. |
| 81 . | Ségur, Histoire et mémoires , iv. p. 257. |
| 82 . | Ducor, Aventures d’un marin de la Garde impériale , p. 308. |
| 83 . | Méneval, Mémoires , iii. p. 43; Castellane, Journal , i. pp. 126–7 (6 August 1812); Bourgoing, Souvenirs , pp. 98–100. |
| 84 . | Corr. xxiv. nos. 19015 to 19093 (29 July–12 August 1812). |
| 85 . | Ségur, Histoire de Napoléon , i. p. 222. |
| 86 . | Adams, Napoleon and Russia , p. 315; Esdaile, Napoleon’s Wars , p. 472. |
| 87 . | Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , pp. 158–62. |
| 88 . | On the events leading up to the battle for Smolensk see Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , pp. 164–73; Chandler, Campaigns of Napoleon , pp. 767–90. |
| 89 . | According to Philippe-Paul, comte de Ségur, History of the Expedition to Russia Undertaken by the Emperor Napoleon in the Year 1812 , 2 vols (London, 1826), ii. pp. 263–4, a large ford existed about one kilometre from the city, but that it remained undiscovered for two days. |
| 90 . | Raymond Faure, Souvenirs du Nord, ou la Guerre, la Russie et les Russes ou l’esclavage (Paris, 1821), p. 34. |
| 91 . | Caulaincourt, Memoirs , i. pp. 209–10. In fact, it was probably Charles IX of France (c. 1574). |
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