Citizen Emperor (200 page)
Authors: Philip Dwyer
| 47 . | It is an accusation that can still be found today. See Dominique de Villepin, La chute ou l’Empire de la solitude, 1807–1814 (Paris, 2008), pp. 465–6. |
| 48 . | On the people’s reaction inside Paris see Emile Labretonnière, Macédoine: souvenirs du Quartier latin (Paris, 1863), pp. 109–20. |
| 49 . | Pierrelongue (ed.), Napoléon et Marie-Louise , pp. 236–7 (10 March 1814). |
| 50 . | Pierrelongue (ed.), Napoléon et Marie-Louise , pp. 267–8 (29 March 1814). |
| 51 . | Carl Frédéric Palmstierna (ed.), Marie-Louise et Napoléon, 1813–1814: lettres inédites de l’Impératrice avec les réponses déjà connues de Napoléon de la même époque (Paris, 1955), pp. 176–7 (29 March 1814). |
| 52 . | Underwood, A Narrative of Memorable Events in Paris , p. 49. |
| 53 . | Underwood, A Narrative of Memorable Events in Paris , pp. 49–50; Stendhal, Oeuvres intimes , i. pp. 1409–11 (29 March 1814). |
| 54 . | Gaston Stiegler (ed.), Le maréchal Oudinot, duc de Reggio: d’après les souvenirs inédits de la maréchale (Paris, 1894), p. 307. |
| 55 . | Houssaye, 1814 , pp. 519–20. |
| 56 . | Philip Mansel, Paris between Empires: Monarchy and Revolution, 1814–1852 (London, 2001), p. 7. |
| 57 . | Pierrelongue (ed.), Napoléon et Marie-Louise , pp. 271–2 (30 March 1814). |
| 58 . | Chevallier and Pincemaille, L’impératrice Joséphine , pp. 412–13. |
| 59 . | Forgues (ed.), Mémoires de Vitrolles , i. p. 311. Vitrolles was a royalist so his memoirs are somewhat biased. Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , pp. 516–17. |
| 60 . | George Woodberry, Journal du lieutenant Woodberry, campagnes de Portugal et d’Espagne, de France, de Belgique et de France, 1813–1815 , trans. Georges Hélie (Paris, 1896), pp. 335, 339 (4, 6 July 1815). |
| 61 . | Louis Véron, Mémoires d’un bourgeois de Paris (Paris, 1856), i. pp. 219–20; Pierre-Jean de Béranger, Ma biographie (Paris, 1859), pp. 144–5; Houssaye, 1814 , pp. 553–64. |
| 62 . | Journal des Débats , 1 April 1814. Caulaincourt, Memoirs , iii. pp. 203–7, believed that Alexander was still toying with the idea of a regency five days later on 5 April, but by this stage a restoration of the Bourbon monarchy had been decided upon and it would have been difficult if not impossible to reverse course. See also Thiry, Le Sénat de Napoléon , pp. 302–19; Houssaye, 1814 , p. 567; Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , p. 518; Sellin, Die geraubte Revolution , pp. 143–71. |
| 63 . | Caulaincourt, Memoirs , iii. pp. 39–40. |
| 64 . | This account based on Caulaincourt, Memoirs , iii. pp. 51–60. |
| 65 . | Napoleon in a conversation with the mayor of Roanne, 23 April 1814, in J. M. Thompson, ‘Napoleon’s Journey to Elba in 1814. Part I. By Land’, American Historical Review , 55 (1949), 10. |
| 66 . | Pion des Loches, Mes campagnes , pp. 389–90. |
| 67 . | The scene has been reconstructed from the memoirs of Macdonald, Souvenirs , pp. 273–4, 275–7; Fain, Manuscrit de mil huit cent-quatorze , pp. 246–8, 249–50; Pasquier, Mémoires , ii. pp. 322–4; Lentz, Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire , ii. pp. 570–1; Sellin, Die geraubte Revolution , pp. 176–83. |
| 68 . | Corr. xxvii. n. 21555 (4 April 1814). The draft was taken to Paris by Caulaincourt. It was to be published only after the signing of a treaty that determined his own fate, as well as that of his wife and son. |
| 69 . | Corr. xxvii. n. 21558 (11 April 1814). |
| 70 . | Cited in Norman MacKenzie, Escape from Elba: The Fall and Flight of Napoleon, 1814–1815 (New York, 1982), p. 7. |
| 71 . | Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , pp. 518–19. |
| 72 . | See Charles Dupuis, Le ministère de Talleyrand en 1814 (Paris, 1919), pp. 236–85. |
| 73 . | Ullrichová (ed.), Clemens Metternich, Wilhelmine von Sagan , pp. 244, 248. |
| 74 . | Vane (ed.), Correspondence, Despatches, and Other Papers of Viscount Castlereagh , ix. p. 450 (7 April 1814). |
| 75 . | Ernest de Selincourt (ed.), The Letters of William and Dorothy Wordsworth , 6 vols (Oxford, 1935–9), ii. pt 2, pp. 592–3 (24 April 1814). |
| 76 . | See Semmel, Napoleon and the British , pp. 149–52. |
| 77 . | Las Cases, Mémorial , ii. p. 210. |
| 78 . | Guillaume Peyrusse, 1809–1815. Mémorial et archives de M. le Baron Peyrusse (Carcassonne, 1869), pp. 223–4. |
| 79 . | Robinaux, Journal de route , p. 191. |
| 80 . | Chevalier de Jouvencel, ‘Les Alliés à Versailles’, in 1814: résistance et occupation des villes françaises (Paris, 2001), p. 263. |
| 81 . | Barrès, Souvenirs , p. 202. See also Paulin, Les Souvenirs , p. 277. |
| 82 . | René Reiss, Kellermann (Paris, 2009), esp. pp. 513–56. |
| 83 . | Pion des Loches, Mes campagnes , pp. 395–6. |
| 84 . | Pion des Loches, Mes campagnes , p. 388. |
| 85 . | Fontaine, Journal , i. p. 410 (20 April 1814). |
| 86 . | Tombs and Tombs, That Sweet Enemy , pp. 285–6. |
| 87 . | Letter dated 16 April 1814, cited in Hantraye, Les cosaques aux Champs-Elysées , p. 226. |
| 88 . | According to Metternich, Ullrichová (ed.), Clemens Metternich, Wilhelmine von Sagan , pp. 243, 253. |
| 89 . | Tombs and Tombs, That Sweet Enemy , p. 286. |
| 90 . | Carlyle to Mitchell, in Charles Richard Sanders (ed.), The Collected Letters of Thomas and Jane Welsh Carlyle (Durham, NC, 1970), i. pp. 6–7 (30 April 1814). |
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