Civil War: The History of England Volume III (75 page)

Charles II, King: birth,
ref1
; joins father at Greenwich (1642),
ref2
; accompanies father to York,
ref3
; in civil war,
ref4
; letter of resolution from father,
ref5
; exile abroad,
ref6
; proclaimed king by Scots,
ref7
; invited to Scotland (1650),
ref8
; crosses into England,
ref9
; crowned king of Scotland,
ref10
; escapes to France,
ref11
; correspondence with supporters in England,
ref12
; moves from France to Spanish Netherlands,
ref13
; Spain supports,
ref14
; waits in Flanders to invade England,
ref15
; and Monck’s position in London,
ref16
; issues declaration from Breda,
ref17
,
ref18
; returns to England and restored to throne,
ref19
; appearance and character,
ref20
; bored by administrative business,
ref21
,
ref22
; diminished royal power,
ref23
; practises king’s touch,
ref24
; religious faith,
ref25
; coronation,
ref26
; marriage to Catherine,
ref27
; mistresses and illegitimate children,
ref28
; court libertinage and cynicism,
ref29
,
ref30
; petitioned by Quaker woman,
ref31
; declarations of indulgence (on religious toleration),
ref32
,
ref33
; direct help in Great Fire of London,
ref34
; arouses popular distrust,
ref35
,
ref36
; dismisses Clarendon,
ref37
; forms cabal,
ref38
; negotiates Triple Alliance,
ref39
; relations with Louis XIV,
ref40
,
ref41
,
ref42
,
ref43
; expresses desire to convert to Catholicism,
ref44
; receives subsidies from France,
ref45
,
ref46
,
ref47
,
ref48
,
ref49
; declares war on Dutch (1672),
ref50
; suspends repayment of loans (‘the stop’),
ref51
; cancels declaration of indulgence,
ref52
; prorogues parliament (1674 & 1675),
ref53
,
ref54
; closes coffee-houses,
ref55
; secret treaty with Louis XIV,
ref56
; differences with parliament,
ref57
; parliament grants money for war against France,
ref58
; ‘Popish Plot’ against life,
ref59
; dissolves Cavalier Parliament ( January 1679),
ref60
; dissolves privy council and forms new council,
ref61
; prorogues parliament (1679),
ref62
; fears for survival,
ref63
; and James as successor,
ref64
; proclaims Monmouth’s illegitimacy,
ref65
; serious illness (1679),
ref66
,
ref67
; prorogues parliament (1680),
ref68
; and exclusion crisis,
ref69
; orders new assembly in Oxford (1681),
ref70
; decides on personal rule,
ref71
; Rye House Plot against,
ref72
; final illness and death,
ref73
; received into Roman Catholic communion,
ref74

Chatham: Dutch penetrate defences (1667),
ref1

Cheriton, battle of (1644),
ref1

Chester: falls in civil war,
ref1

Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, 2nd earl of,
ref1

chocolate,
ref1
,
ref2

Christian, duke of Brunswick,
ref1
,
ref2

Christian IV, king of Denmark,
ref1

Christina, queen of Sweden,
ref1

Christmas: abolished (1644),
ref1

Church of England (Anglicanism): and authority,
ref1
; Laud’s ‘Declaration’ on,
ref2
; alliance with Crown in cleansing kingdom,
ref3
; practices and rituals,
ref4
; clergy required to take oath,
ref5
; convocation supports Charles I,
ref6
; reforms (1640),
ref7
; imposed on nation,
ref8
; in eighteenth century,
ref9
; Danby champions,
ref10

Church of Scotland: Charles I’s canons and Service Book for,
ref1
,
ref2
; and national covenant,
ref3
; general assembly meets (1636),
ref4
; bishops removed,
ref5
;
see also
Presbyterians

Churchill, John (
later
1st duke of Marlborough),
ref1

civil war (1642–6): beginnings and causes,
ref1
,
ref2
; divided loyalties,
ref3
,
ref4
; soldiers,
ref5
; financing,
ref6
; peace calls,
ref7
,
ref8
; conduct of and engagements,
ref9
,
ref10
,
ref11
; siege warfare,
ref12
; second (1648),
ref13
; casualties,
ref14

Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of: on Digby,
ref1
; on Charles I’s insecurity,
ref2
; on Charles I’s unpopularity,
ref3
; on Hampden trial,
ref4
; on Charles I raising forces at York,
ref5
; on Berwick peace negotiations,
ref6
; serves in 1640 parliament,
ref7
; on accusations against Strafford,
ref8
; on Irish rebellion,
ref9
; on parliament’s unpopularity,
ref10
; on loss of navy to Charles I,
ref11
; on beginning of civil war,
ref12
; disparages Essex,
ref13
; on Prince Rupert,
ref14
; praises Cromwell as commander,
ref15
; on Charles I’s trial,
ref16
; on Cromwell’s assumption of power,
ref17
; Broderick reports on disaffection to,
ref18
; as Lord Chancellor under Charles II,
ref19
; disparages Quakers,
ref20
; mediates for Charles II,
ref21
; on Charles II’s discomposure,
ref22
; and sale of Dunkirk to French,
ref23
,
ref24
; fall from favour and dismissal,
ref25
; exile,
ref26
;
History of the Rebellion
,
ref27
,
ref28
,
ref29
,
ref30
,
ref31

Clarkson, Laurence,
ref1

Claypole, Elizabeth (
née
Cromwell; Oliver’s daughter),
ref1

Claypole, John,
ref1

Clement X, Pope: burnt in effigy,
ref1

Cleveland, John,
ref1

Clifford, Thomas, 1st baron,
ref1
,
ref2

Clotworthy, John,
ref1

Clough, William,
ref1

clubmen,
ref1

Cobham, Henry Brooke, 8th baron,
ref1
,
ref2

coffee, 369 coffee-houses,
ref1
; closed by Charles II and reopened,
ref2

Coke, Sir Edward: dispute with James I over law,
ref1
; and Overbury murder,
ref2
; James I rebukes and dismisses,
ref3
; hostility to Spain,
ref4
; imprisoned,
ref5
; on Charles I’s finances,
ref6
; criticizes Buckingham,
ref7
,
ref8
; bill prohibiting detention without trial,
ref9

Coke, Roger:
A Discourse of Trade
,
ref1

Colchester, Lord (1688),
ref1

Colchester, siege of (1648),
ref1

Coleman, Edward,
ref1

Collection of Anecdotes and Remarkable Characters, A
,
ref1

committee of safety: formed (1659),
ref1

Commons, House of: on established church,
ref1
; business under James I,
ref2
; and taxation under James I,
ref3
; and financing of James I,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6
,
ref7
; opposes Buckingham,
ref8
; claims authority to determine country’s religion,
ref9
; ‘Grand Remonstrance’ (religious manifesto),
ref10
; inactivity,
ref11
; and Charles I’s visit to Scotland,
ref12
; sends declaration to counties,
ref13
; Vote of No Addresses on Charles I,
ref14
; call for treaty with Charles I,
ref15
; differences with Lords,
ref16
; in exclusion crisis,
ref17
;
see also
parliament

Conventicle Act (1664),
ref1

‘Convention Parliament’,
see under
Parliament

Conway, Edward, 2nd viscount,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3

Cook, John,
ref1

Cornbury, Edward Hyde, viscount (
later
3rd earl of Clarendon),
ref1

Cornwallis, Sir Charles,
ref1

Corporation Act (1661),
ref1

Cottington, Sir Francis, baron,
ref1
,
ref2

Cotton, Sir John,
ref1

Cotton, Robert,
ref1
,
ref2

council of the north: abolished,
ref1
,
ref2

council of state: Cromwell forms,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4

counties: government and administration,
ref1

court of highs commission (religious): abolished,
ref1

Coventry, Sir Henry,
ref1

Coventry: parliamentary prisoners in,
ref1

Cranfield, Lionel,
ref1

Cromwell, General Lord,
ref1

Cromwell, Henry (Oliver’s son),
ref1
,
ref2

Cromwell, Oliver: as member of 1628 parliament,
ref1
; criticizes Laud,
ref2
; Philip Warwick describes,
ref3
; on ‘Grand Remonstrance’,
ref4
; low estimate of parliamentary army,
ref5
; forms elite regiment,
ref6
; engages royalist force at Grantham,
ref7
; favours religious toleration and plurality,
ref8
,
ref9
; as Independent,
ref10
,
ref11
,
ref12
; and Charles’s advance on Gloucester,
ref13
; in committee of two kingdoms,
ref14
; promoted lieutenant-general of eastern association,
ref15
,
ref16
; background, character and religious faith,
ref17
,
ref18
; victory at Marston Moor,
ref19
,
ref20
; appearance,
ref21
; differences with Manchester,
ref22
; forms New Model Army,
ref23
; as second-incommand of New Model Army at Naseby,
ref24
; on victory over royalists,
ref25
; collapse and neardeath,
ref26
; Lilburne writes to and praises,
ref27
; and army discontent,
ref28
; in new general council of army,
ref29
; and removal of Charles I from Holmby House to London,
ref30
; in New Model Army’s march on London,
ref31
; negotiates with captured Charles I,
ref32
; at Putney debates,
ref33
; openly breaks with Charles I,
ref34
,
ref35
; throws cushion at Ludlow,
ref36
; subdues rebels in Wales,
ref37
; commands at battle of Preston,
ref38
; considers fate of Charles I,
ref39
; at Charles I’s trial,
ref40
; heads council of state,
ref41
; made commander-in-chief of army,
ref42
; optimism,
ref43
; Lilburne attacks,
ref44
; travels to Ireland and suppresses rebellion,
ref45
; campaign in Scotland (1650),
ref46
; illness in Scotland,
ref47
; final battle at Worcester,
ref48
; returns to London and rewarded,
ref49
; aims and reforms,
ref50
,
ref51
; dissolves parliament (1653),
ref52
; dominance and authority,
ref53
,
ref54
; reconstitutes parliament,
ref55
; as Lord Protector,
ref56
,
ref57
; abused,
ref58
; administration and ordinances,
ref59
; assassination attempts on,
ref60
,
ref61
; calls parliament (1654),
ref62
; venture in West Indies,
ref63
; orders reform of manners,
ref64
; depression,
ref65
,
ref66
; proposed as king but declines,
ref67
; posthumous reputation,
ref68
; enjoys festivities and pleasures,
ref69
; health decline and death,
ref70
,
ref71
; dissolves parliament (1658),
ref72
; openly criticized,
ref73
; Marvell’s poems on,
ref74
; funeral,
ref75

Cromwell, Richard (Oliver’s son): succeeds father,
ref1
,
ref2
; abdicates,
ref3
; declines army request for commanding officer,
ref4
; rumoured return to office,
ref5
; flees to exile in Europe,
ref6

customs and festivals,
ref1

Cutpurse, Moll,
ref1

Dade, William:
Prognostications
,
ref1

Danby, Thomas Osborne, 1st earl of (
later
marquess of Carmarthen and duke of Leeds),
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6
,
ref7
; released from Tower,
ref8
; invites William of Orange to invade,
ref9

Davenant, John, bishop of Salisbury,
ref1

Davenant, Sir William,
ref1
;
Salmacida Spolia
(masque),
ref2
;
The Tragedy of Albovine
(play),
ref3