Civil War: The History of England Volume III (78 page)
Read Civil War: The History of England Volume III Online
Authors: Peter Ackroyd
Lauder, Sir John,
ref1
Lauderdale, John Maitland, 1st duke (
earlier
2nd earl) of,
ref1
,
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,
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learning: Bacon on,
ref1
Leeds: captured by royalists,
ref1
Legate, Matthew,
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Leicester, Robert Sidney, 2nd earl of,
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Leicester: Charles I storms,
ref1
Leighton, Alexander,
ref1
Leslie, Alexander (
later
1st earl of Leven),
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,
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,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
Leslie, David (
later
baron Newark),
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L’Estrange, Roger,
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,
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,
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levellers,
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,
ref2
,
ref3
,
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,
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Licensing Act (1662),
ref1
‘Lillibulero’ (song),
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‘Little Parliament’,
see under
Parliament
local government: under Charles I,
ref1
; gentry and,
ref2
Locke, John,
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London: plague (1603),
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,
ref2
; James I rides in state through (1604),
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; Tower’s defences strengthened,
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,
ref5
,
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; described by contemporary writers,
ref7
; hackney carriages,
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; City ordered to lend£200,000 to Charles I,
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; petitions parliament for church reformation,
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; Suckling’s party attempts to breach,
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; Charles I’s procession in (1641),
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; common court elections (1641),
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; civil disorder,
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; Charles loses loyalty,
ref15
; stands against royalist forces,
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; defences erected in civil war,
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; royalist supports in,
ref18
; merchants,
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; mob intimidates parliament,
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; New Model Army marches on,
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; dress and fashion,
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; houses and furniture,
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; Pepys on life in,
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; Great Plague (1665),
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; Great Fire (1666),
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; ‘bawdy house riots’ (1668),
ref27
; Charles II investigates City Charter and privileges,
ref28
; James II returns Charter,
ref29
;
see also
Whitehall
London Gazette
,
ref1
Londonderry,
ref1
‘London’s Defiance to Rome’ (pamphlet),
ref1
‘Long Parliament’,
see under
Parliament
Lord of Misrule (custom),
ref1
Lords, House of: Charles I defends Buckingham in,
ref1
; bishops in,
ref2
; differences with Commons,
ref3
;
see also
Parliament
Louis XIII, king of France: as possible ally against Spain,
ref1
,
ref2
; dislikes Buckingham,
ref3
; and expulsion of Henrietta Maria’s attendants from England,
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; persecutes Huguenots,
ref5
; promises toleration of Protestants,
ref6
Louis XIV, king of France: Cromwell makes treaty with (1655),
ref1
; praises Cromwell,
ref2
; and monarchy under Charles II,
ref3
; ambitions and absolutism,
ref4
,
ref5
; declares war on England (1666),
ref6
; defensive treaty with Dutch,
ref7
; Charles II’s relations with,
ref8
,
ref9
,
ref10
,
ref11
; and England in Triple Alliance,
ref12
; subsidies to Charles II,
ref13
,
ref14
,
ref15
,
ref16
; inactivity at battle of the Texel,
ref17
; makes peace with United Provinces,
ref18
; pays out bribes,
ref19
; hostility to Danby,
ref20
; sends money to James II,
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; amity with James II,
ref22
; warns James II of prospective invasion by William of Orange,
ref23
Love, Christopher,
ref1
Lovelace, Richard,
ref1
Love’s Triumph
(masque by Inigo Jones and Ben Jonson),
ref1
Lowe, Roger,
ref1
Lowestoft, battle of (1665),
ref1
Lunsford, Thomas,
ref1
Lutter, battle of (1626),
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Macaulay, Thomas Babington, baron,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
;
History of England
,
ref6
Mackintosh, James:
Eminent British Statesmen
,
ref1
Magalotti, Lorenzo,
ref1
Magdalen College, Oxford,
ref1
,
ref2
Manchester, Edward Montagu, 2nd earl of (
earlier
viscount Mandeville),
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
Manchester: first death in civil war,
ref1
Mandeville, viscount
see
Manchester, 2nd earl of
Mansfeld, Ernest, count of,
ref1
Mantegna, Andrea:
The Triumph of Caesar
(painting),
ref1
Maria Anna, infanta of Spain,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
Marie de’ Medici, queen of France,
ref1
Marlborough, Wiltshire: falls to Charles,
ref1
Marlowe, Christopher,
ref1
Marston Moor, battle of (1644),
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
Marvell, Andrew,
ref1
,
ref2
; ‘The First Anniversary of the Government under O.C.’,
ref3
; ‘An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell’s Return from Ireland’,
ref4
; ‘A Poem upon the Death of O.C.’,
ref5
Mary, princess: marriage to William of Orange,
ref1
,
ref2
; designated as regent,
ref3
; Protestantism,
ref4
Mary of Modena, wife of James II: marriage,
ref1
; pregnancy and birth of son,
ref2
; William of Orange opposes,
ref3
; escapes to Calais,
ref4
Mary Queen of Scots,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
Mason, Captain,
ref1
Mather, Richard,
ref1
Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor,
ref1
Maximilian I, duke of Bavaria,
ref1
May, Humphrey,
ref1
Mayflower
(ship),
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Maynard, Joseph,
ref1
maypoles: reintroduced (1660),
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Mazarin, Cardinal Jules,
ref1
Mead, Joseph,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
Meade, Revd Joseph,
ref1
Meres, Sir Thomas,
ref1
Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield, 1st earl of,
ref1
Middleton, Thomas:
A Game at Chess
(play),
ref1
Militia Act (1663),
ref1
millenary petition (1603),
ref1
,
ref2
Milton, John,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6
;
Areopagitica
,
ref7
;
The Reason of Church Government
,
ref8
Monck, George (
later
1st duke of Albemarle): in Scotland,
ref1
; and dispute between army and parliament,
ref2
,
ref3
; marches into England and intervenes in parliament,
ref4
; and Charles II’s restoration,
ref5
; meets Charles II on return to England,
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Monmouth, James Scott, duke of: birth,
ref1
; claim to throne,
ref2
,
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,
ref4
; illegitimacy,
ref5
; victory at Bothwell Bridge,
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; returns to England from exile,
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; tour of West Country,
ref8
; offers to act as surety to Shaftesbury,
ref9
; implicated in Rye House Plot,
ref10
; rebellion (1685),
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; beheaded,
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Monson, Henry,
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Monson, William,
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Montagu, Richard,
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Monteagle, William Parker, 4th baron,
ref1
Montrose, James Graham, 5th earl (
later
1st marquess) of,
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More, John,
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Morland, Sir Samuel,
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Muggletonians (sect),
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Murray, Will,
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music: in James I’s reign,
ref1
; Pepys on,
ref2
Mytens, Daniel,
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Nantes, Edict of: revoked (1685),
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Naseby, battle of (1645),
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navy
see
fleet (English)
Naylor, James,
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Nedham, Marchamont,
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Netherlands
see
Dutch Republic
Nethersole, Sir Francis,
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Neville, Christopher,
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‘new disease’ (fever),
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New Model Army: Cromwell forms,
ref1
; Fairfax commands,
ref2
; character,
ref3
; disbandment planned,
ref4
; petition of complaint to Fairfax,
ref5
; escorts Charles I from Holmby House,
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; recruited for service in Ireland,
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; arrears of pay granted by parliament,
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; dealings with Charles I,
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; proposals to Parliament,
ref10
; marches on London,
ref11
; demands representative parliament,
ref12
; divided over fate of Charles I,
ref13
; victory in second civil war,
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; demands death of Charles I,
ref15
; status after king’s death,
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; disillusion with parliament,
ref17
; petition of complaint to parliament,
ref18
; requests commanding officer,
ref19
; conflict with parliament (1659),
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; dispersed under Charles II,
ref21
;
see also
army (English)
Newburn, battle of (1640),
ref1
, 206
Newbury: first battle of (1643),
ref1
; second battle of (1644),
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Newcastle, William Cavendish, 1st earl (
later
duke) of,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
Newcastle: surrenders to Scots (1640),
ref1
news: demand for under Charles II,
ref1
newsletters,
ref1
Newton, Sir Isaac,
ref1
;
De motu corporum in gyrum
,
ref2
Newton, Sir John,
ref1
nonconformists
see
dissenters
North, Roger,
ref1
Northampton, Henry Howard, 1st earl of,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
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Northumberland, Algernon Percy, 10th earl of,
ref1
,
ref2
Norwich, George Goring, 1st earl of,
ref1
Nottingham: Charles I raises standard in,
ref1
; Hutchinsons at,
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offices of state: holders,
ref1
Oglander, Sir John,
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Olivares, Gaspar de Guzman, countduke of,
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,
ref2
opera: introduced into England,
ref1
optics,
ref1
Ormonde, James Butler, 1st duke of,
ref1
,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
Otway, Thomas,
ref1
Overbury, Sir Thomas,
ref1
,
ref2
Oxford: parliament convened in (1626),
ref1
; Charles I and Henrietta Maria visit (1636),
ref2
; Charles I makes headquarters in,
ref3
,
ref4
; peace negotiations (February 1643),
ref5
; Charles I summons parliament of supporters (1644),
ref6
; Charles I escapes from to Worcester,
ref7
; Fairfax besieges,
ref8
; Charles II orders assembly in (1681),
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Oxford University: Laud reforms,
ref1
; James II interferes in,
ref2
Packe, Sir Christopher,
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Palatinate,
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,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
Palmer, Sir Geoffrey,
ref1
pamphleteering,
ref1
Paris Garden (Southwark),
ref1
Parliament: James I opens (1604),
ref1
; relations with James I,
ref2
,
ref3
,
ref4
,
ref5
,
ref6
,
ref7
,
ref8
; and Gunpowder Plot,
ref9
; business under James I,
ref10
; reconvened and dissolved (‘Addle Parliament’, 1614),
ref11
; meets (1621),
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; assembles (February 1624),
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; powers,
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; ‘Long’ (1640–60),
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,
ref16
,
ref17
; Charles I first calls,
ref18
; debates Charles I’s finances,
ref19
,
ref20
,
ref21
,
ref22
,
ref23
; reconvened in Oxford (1626),
ref24
; criticizes Buckingham,
ref25
,
ref26
; Charles I addresses,
ref27
,
ref28
; Charles I dissolves (1626),
ref29
; conflict with Charles I over sovereignty,
ref30
,
ref31
,
ref32
; opposes unlawful imprisonment,
ref33
; prorogued (1628),
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,
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; proceedings reported,
ref36
; opened (1629),
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; adjourns for eleven years (1629),
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; nine members arrested and imprisoned,
ref39
; summoned and meets (‘stillborn parliament’, 1639–40),
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; called (‘Short Parliament’, 1640),
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; work on renovation,
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; and Triennial Act,
ref43
,
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; challenges Charles I,
ref45
,
ref46
,
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; votes money to Scots,
ref48
; bill allowing staying in session until dissolution voted,
ref49
,
ref50
; rule,
ref51
; reassembles (October 1641),
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; and ‘Grand Remonstrance’,
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; popular petitions to,
ref54
; prepares for war against Charles I,
ref55
; nineteen propositions to Charles I,
ref56
; sets up committee of safety for military preparations,
ref57
; army strength in civil war,
ref58
,
ref59
; wartime strategy,
ref60
; assumes supreme power (1643),
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; committee of two kingdoms (with Scots),
ref62
,
ref63
; self-denying ordinance,
ref64
; sends propositions to Charles I,
ref65
; receives Large Petition from army supporters,
ref66
; and army discontent,
ref67
; grants arrears of pay to army,
ref68
; accepts army’s proposals,
ref69
; expels eleven Presbyterian members,
ref70
; treats with imprisoned Charles I,
ref71
; ‘Rump’,
ref72
,
ref73
,
ref74
; decides on trial of Charles I,
ref75
; constitution after Charles I’s death,
ref76
; dissolution (1653),
ref77
,
ref78
; army’s petition of complaint to,
ref79
; Cromwell reforms,
ref80
; ‘Little’ (‘Barebone’s’),
ref81
; Cromwell calls and dissolves (1654–5),
ref82
; business under Cromwell,
ref83
; second protectorate,
ref84
,
ref85
; conflict with army (1659),
ref86
; Rump expelled,
ref87
; Monck orders Rump to dissolve,
ref88
; and Charles II’s 1660 declaration from Breda,
ref89
; elected 1660 (‘Convention’),
ref90
; meets (1661; ‘Cavalier’),
ref91
,
ref92
,
ref93
,
ref94
; anger at Charles II’s declaration of indulgence,
ref95
; and Charles II’s expenses,
ref96
; reluctance to finance second Dutch War,
ref97
; Charles II prorogues (1674 & 1675),
ref98
,
ref99
; opposition to royal cause,
ref100
; reassembles (February 1677),
ref101
; differences with Charles II,
ref102
; grants £1 million to Charles II for war against France,
ref103
; Charles II dissolves ‘Cavalier’ ( January 1679),
ref104
,
ref105
; Charles II prorogues (1679),
ref106
; beginnings of party politics,
ref107
; dissolved (1679),
ref108
; and exclusion crisis,
ref109
; relations with James II,
ref110
,
ref111
;
see also
Commons, House of; elections (parliamentary); Lords, House of