Exorcising Hitler (68 page)

33
 Colin MacInnes,
To the Victors the Spoils
, p. 189.

34
 Ibid., pp. 183f.

35
 Botting,
In the Ruins of the Reich
, pp. 47f. And for the following.

36
 MacInnes,
To the Victors the Spoils
, p. 55.

37
 Letter of 17 May 1945, in Mathilde Wolff-Mönckeberg,
On the Other Side: Letters to My Children from Germany 1940–46
, p. 140.

38
 Jacobs,
Freiwild
, p. 154.

39
 Cited in Paul Steege,
Black Market, Cold War: Everyday Life in Berlin 1946–1949
, pp. 23f.

40
 Account by Pastor Dr Karl-Ludwig Hoch, then aged fifteen, resident at Löschwitz, taped interview with FT on 30 October 2001 (in author’s possession).

41
 Interview with Götz Bergander, Berlin, 25 March 2008.

42
 Interview with Lothar Löwe, Berlin, 25 March 2008.

43
 Jacobs,
Freiwild
, p. 170.

44
 See Frederick Taylor,
The Berlin Wall, 13 August 1961–9 November 1989
, p. 34.

45
Time
magazine, 9 July 1945, ‘Foreign News: What Is to Be Done?’

46
 Anonymous,
A Woman in Berlin
, translated from the German by Phillip Boehm, p. 140.

47
 Wladimir Gelfand,
Deutschland-Tagebuch 1945–1946: Aufzeichnungen  eines Rotarmisten
(
Ausgewählt und kommentiert von Elke Schersjanoi
)
(translated from Russian to German by Anja Lutter and Hartmut Schröder), p. 79f.

48
 Gelfand, pp. 61f. And for the following.

49
 Ibid., pp. 200ff.

50
 Naimark,
The Russians in Germany
, p. 92.

51
 See Richard Evans,
The Third Reich at War
, p. 709.

52
 Quoted in Volker Koop,
Besetzt: Französische Besatzungspolitik in Deutschland
, pp. 40f. And for the Sindelfingen outrages.

53
 Ibid., p. 46.

54
 Ibid., p. 47.

55
 See Perry Biddiscombe, ‘Dangerous Liaisons: Occupation Zones of Germany and Austria, 1945–1948’,
in
Journal of Social History
, vol. 34, no. 3 (Spring 2001), p. 618, n.56.

56
 See J. Robert Lilly,
Taken by Force: Rape and American GIs in Europe during World War II
, p. 161. For the numbers of convictions, ibid., p. 117.

6 HUNGER

1
 Quoted in Mark Mazower,
Hitler’s Empire: Nazi Rule in Occupied Europe
, p. 280. See also by the same author,
Inside Hitler’s Greece: The Experience of Occupation, 1941
–
44
. The wartime experience still rankles in Greece – see the remarks by Greek Deputy Prime Minister Theodoros Pangalos in February 2010 in response to what he saw as a lack of generosity in modern Germany’s attitude towards Greece’s economic difficulties. ‘They [the Nazis],’ Pangalos claimed, ‘took away the Greek gold that was in the Bank of Greece, they took away the Greek money and they never gave it back.’

2
 Secretariat’s report of the meeting quoted in Adam Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy
, p. 479. And for the following quotes from Backe and Himmler.

3
 Götz Aly,
Hitlers Volksstaat: Raub, Rassenkrieg und nationaler Sozialismus
, p. 198.

4
 Ibid., p. 197.

5
 Goebbels diary entry 24.5.1942, quoted in Christian Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord
, p. 213.

6
 Ibid., p. 241.

7
 Markus Roth,
Herrenmenschen: Die deutschen Kreishauptleute im besetzten Polen – Karrierewege, Herrschaftspraxis und Nachkriegsgeschichte
, pp. 166f.

8
 See Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord
, especially
pp. 191f., p. 197, pp. 219–21, pp. 237–40.

9
 Figures in Aly,
Hitlers Volksstaat
, p. 201.

10
 Ibid.

11
 Cited in ibid., p. 198. And for the Ziegelmayer quote.

12
 Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, p. 485.

13
 See Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord
, pp. 241ff.

14
 Aly,
Hitlers Volksstaat
, p. 202.

15
 Ibid., p. 206. And for the following observation.

16
 Beschloss,
The Conquerors
, p. 194.

17
 Ibid., p. 196.

18
 Ibid., p. 214.

19
 Cited in Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, pp. 657f.

20
 From Speer’s testimony at Nuremberg, 20 June 1946 (translation p. 497), available at
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/
06-20-46.asp
.

21
 See Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, p. 654. And for a detailed account of Speer’s complex motivations and his relations with other members of the Führer’s entourage, ‘Die Machtprobe mit Hitler im März 1945’, in Müller, ed.,
Das Deutsche Reich
,
Band 10
,
Zweiter Halbband
, pp. 85–106.

22
 See Müller, ed.,
Das Deutsche Reich
,
Band 10
,
Zweiter Halbband
, pp. 57–9.

23
 Ibid., pp. 60ff. For this and the following unless otherwise stated.

24
 Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, p. 651.

25
 Ibid., p. 654.

26
 For this and the other ‘foreign worker’ figures see ibid., pp. 517f.

27
 MacInnes,
To the Victors the Spoils
, pp. 180f.

28
 Atina Grossmann,
Jews, Germans and Allies: Close Encounters in Occupied Germany
, p. 133.

29
Time
magazine, 7 May 1945, ‘Foreign News: Dachau’.

30
 William I. Hitchcock,
Liberation: The Bitter Road to Freedom, Europe 1944–1945
, pp. 302f.

31
 Ibid.

32
 Grossmann,
Jews, Germans and Allies
, p. 136.

7 THE PRICE

1
 See
Time
magazine, 9 April 1945, ‘Stern Man for the Nazis’.

2
 J. E. Smith, ed.,
The Papers of General Lucius D. Clay
, vol. I, p. 24.

3
 Naimark,
The Russians in Germany
, pp. 252f.

4
 See Bischof and Ambrose, eds,
Eisenhower and the German POWs
, pp. 8f.

5
 Ibid., p. 9.

6
 See James Bacque,
Other Losses: An Investigation into the Mass Deaths of German Prisoners at the Hands of the French and the Americans After World War II.
Bacque claims that almost a million were deliberately starved to death and the mass murder covered up.

7
 See Rüdiger Overmanns, ‘Das Schicksal der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen des Zweiten Weltkrieges’, in Müller, ed.,
Das Deutsche Reich
,
Band 10
,
Zweiter Halbband
, p. 427.

8
 Bischof and Ambrose, eds,
Eisenhower and the German POWs
, p. 60.

9
 Fritz Mann,
Frühling am Rhein Anno 1945
, p. 8. And for the accompanying events described.

10
 See the account by the East Prussian Kurt Baltinowitz, unpublished typescript 39 pp. in possession of author courtesy of Herr Wolfgang Gückelhorn, pp. 13f.

11
 The Maschke Commission, appointed by the West German government. Their multi-volume work appeared in several volumes between 1962 and the mid-1970s. See Rolf Steininger, ‘Some Reflections on the Maschke Commission’, in Bischof and Ambrose, eds,
Eisenhower and the German POWs
, pp. 170ff.