Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy (88 page)

Prinze, Freddie, 57

procrastination, 38, 83–84, 86

productive anger, 163–64

productivity scale, 235

propranolol (Inderal), 502

protriptyline (Vivactil),
519

  side effects,
532

Prozac, 427, 449–50, 484, 501, 520

  vs. imipramine, 516

  side effects, 503–4

psychotherapy, 12, 403

  vs. biological treatments, 456–73

  myths concerning, 468–73

  studies concerning, 457–60

“Psychotherapy vs. Medication for Depression,” xx

“Psychotherapy Works, but for Whom?” (Marshall), 18n

rational responses (self-defense), 244

realistic depressions, 232–33

reasoning, emotional, 38, 42, 79

reducing anger, methods of

  accurate empathy, 184–91

  anger hierarchy, 191–92

  cognitive rehearsal, 191–94

  cooling hot thoughts, 167–69

  develop the desire, 165–67

  enlightened manipulation, 177–80

  imaging techniques, 169–72

  learn to expect craziness, 176–77

  negotiating strategies, 182–84

  putting it all together, 191–94

  rewrite the rules, 172–74

  “should” reduction, 180

  thought stoppage, 172

rejection, 301–7

  recovering from, 308–9

relativity of fairness, 160–62

Remeron, 452,
521
, 615

  doses, 615–16

  drug interactions, 617

  side effects,
609
, 616–17

remorse, 199

resentment, 92

response prevention, 360

Response-Prevention Form,
361

revenge, developing desire for, 165–67

rewriting the rules, 172–74

Rothko, Mark, 57.

Sabril, 651–52

sadness

  depression and, 231–32

  without suffering, 254–55

Santrock, John W., xxix

Schatzberg, Alan F., 574, 598, 627, 640, 643, 658, 662, 663

schizophrenia, depression and, 57

Schwartz, Jeffrey M., xxi–xxii, 457

Science
, 18n

Scogin, Forest, xxiii, xxiv, xxviii

sedatives, 673–75

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
See
SSR inhibitors

selegiline (Eldepryl), 444

  side effects,
573

Self-Activation Methods, synopsis of,
128–30

self-approval, 309–10

self-blame, 93

self-criticism, 62–67, 68, 76–77, 134, 243, 261

  triple-column technique concerning,
63

self-defeating behavior, 84–85

self-defense, 62–67, 68, 76–77, 134, 141, 244, 248–49

self-dislike, 53

self-esteem, 235, 261–62

  accomplishments and, 327–40

  the achievement trap, 345–51

  boosting, 53–80

  four paths to, 341–45

  Pleasure-Predicting Sheet, 349–50

  specific methods for, 62–80

self-evaluation, negative, 55–56

self-labeling, 89–90

self-respect, 296–309

  blueprint for, 298–300

  cost-benefit analysis, 296–98,
297–98

  disapproval and, 301–9

  rejection and, 301–9

  verbal techniques, 300–1

sense of worthlessness, overcoming, 59–61

serotonin, 440–41

serotonin antagonists,
514
, 599

  doses, 599

  drug interactions, 603–5

  names, doses, and costs,
521

  side effects,
601

sertraline (Zoloft),
520

Serzone, 451–52,
521
, 599

  doses, 600

  drug interactions, 603–5

  side effects, 600–3,
601

sexual drive, depression and, 58–59

“should” statements, 39, 42,
175, 181
, 208–11

side effects, antidepressant drugs, 492–98

  checklist,
494–96

  preventing or minimizing, 501–5

  reasons for, 498–501

silent assumptions, 262–63

  cost-benefit method for evaluating, 297–98

  downward-arrow technique, 264–70

  Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, 270–89, 296

  vertical-arrow technique, 263–70

Simons, Anne D., 459

Sinequan, 484,
518

  side effects,
531

slowness, compulsive, 315–17

Smith, Nancy, xxviii

SSR inhibitors, 449–50, 501,
514
, 547–49

  doses, 549–52

  drug interactions, 559–64,
560–63

  names, doses, and costs,
520

  side effects, 552–59,
553–54

Stanford University Medical Center, 255

stimulants, 675

success

  fear of, 91–92

  happiness and, 330

  visualizing, 119

suicidal impulses, assessing, 386–88

  suicidal individual

  antidepressant drugs in treatment of, 383–85

  assessing impulses of, 386–88

  bleak outlook of, 384–85

  cognitive distortions of, 393–94, 402–3

  cognitive therapy treatment of, 384, 393–400, 401–4

  conviction of insoluble dilemmas, 400

  degree of hopelessness of, 387–88, 404–5

  desire for self-mutilation, 389–90

  illogic of suicide, 389–401

  mid-life crisis and, 400–3

  nihilistic theory of, 394–99

suicide, 251–57

  depression and, 383

  illogic of, 389–401

  rate among general population, 383

  unrealistic sense of hopelessness and, 385–86

  youngsters and, 383

superachievers, 329

Surmontil,
519

  side effects,
532

Task-Interfering Cognitions (TICs), 112–13

Task-Oriented Cognitions (TOCs), 112–13

Tegretol,
522
, 640–41

  blood testing, 641–43

  drug interactions, 646–51,
648–50

  side effects, 643–46

Ten Commandments, 161

testing your “can’ts,” 123–24

tetracyclic antidepressants,
514
, 524–26

  doses, 525–27

  drug interactions, 538–47,
540–47

  names, doses, and costs,
519

  side effects, 534–38,
536

thought stoppage, 172

tiagabine (Gabitril), 651–52

TICs. See Task-Interfering Cognitions

TIC-TOC Technique, 110–11,
112–13

TOCs. See Task-Oriented Cognitions

Tofranil, 13, 448–49,
519

  side effects,
531

Tofranil PM,
519

tranquilizers, 9

  minor (benzodiazepines), 671–73

tranylcypromine (Parnate), 444, 484

  side effects, 573

trazodone (Desyrel), 451–52, 484, 521, 599

  doses, 600

  drug interactions, 603–5

  side effects, 600–3, 601

tricyclic antidepressants, 448–49, 501, 574, 524–25

  doses, 525–27

  drug interactions, 538–47,
540–47

  names, doses, and costs,
518–19

  side effects, 527–34,
530–32

trimipramine (Surmontil), 519

  side effects,
532

Tuskegee Veterans Affairs Medical Center, xxviii

UCLA School of Medicine, 457

uncertainty, coping with, 419–23, 421–22

undervaluing rewards, 90

University of Alabama, xxiii, xxviii

University of California (Irvine), 150

University of Nevada, xx, 463

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 9, 10, 241, 390

University of Texas (Dallas), xxix

valproic acid (Depakene), 522, 634

  blood testing, 635–36

  doses, 634–35

  drug interactions, 638–40

  side effects, 636–38

venlafaxine (Effexor), 450, 521, 611–12

  doses, 612–14

  drug interactions, 614–15

  side effects,
608
, 614

vertical-arrow technique for identifying silent assumptions, 263–70, 296

vigabatrin (Sabril), 651–52

visualizing success, 108–9

Vivactil, 519

  side effects,
532

Washington University School of Medicine (St. Louis), 459

weekend/holiday blues, 97

Weissman, Arlene, 271–79

Wellbutrin, 521, 605–7

  doses, 607

  drug interactions, 610–11

  side effects, 607,
608

willpower, depression and, 81

work, worth and, 331–40

workaholics, 328

worth

  achievement and, 327–30

  four paths to self, 345–51

  as only a concept, 341–43

  Pleasure-Predicting Sheet, 349, 350

  work and, 331–40

worthless as a concept, 341–44

worthlessness, sense of overcoming, 59–61

youngsters, suicide and, 383

Your Erroneous Zones
(Dyer), 163

Zoloft,
520

I am grateful to my wife, Melanie for her editorial assistance and patience and encouragement on the many long evenings and weekends that were spent in the preparation of this book. I would also like to thank Mary Lovell for her enthusiasm and for her technical assistance in typing the manuscript.

The development of cognitive therapy has been a team effort involving many talented individuals. In the 1930s, Dr. Abraham Lowe, a physician, began a free-of-charge self-help movement for individuals with emotional difficulties, called “Recovery Incorporated,” which is still in existence today. Dr. Lowe was one of the first health professionals to emphasize the important role of our thoughts and attitudes on our feelings and behavior. Although many people are not aware of his work, Dr. Lowe deserves a great deal of credit for pioneering many of the ideas that are still in vogue today.

In the 1950s, the noted New York psychologist, Dr. Albert Ellis, refined these concepts and created a new form of psychotherapy called Rational Emotive Therapy. Dr. Ellis published over fifty books that emphasize the role of negative self-talk (such as “shoulds” and “oughts”) and irrational beliefs (such as “I must be perfect”) in a wide
variety of emotional problems. Like Dr. Lowe, his brilliant contributions are sometimes not sufficiently acknowledged by academic researchers and scholars. In fact, when I wrote the first edition of
Feeling Good
, I was not especially familiar with the work of Dr. Ellis and did not really appreciate the importance and magnitude of his contributions. I want to set the record straight here!

Finally, in the 1960s, my colleague at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Dr. Aaron Beck, adapted these ideas and treatment techniques to the problem of clinical depression. He described the depressed patient’s negative view of the self, the world, and the future, and proposed a new form of “thinking therapy” for depression, which he called “cognitive therapy.” The focus of cognitive therapy was helping the depressed patient change these negative thinking patterns. Dr. Beck’s contributions, like those of Drs. Lowe and Ellis, have been substantial. His Beck Depression Inventory, published in 1964, allowed clinicians and researchers to measure depression for the first time. The idea that we could measure how severe a patient’s depression was, and track changes in response to treatment, was revolutionary. Dr. Beck also emphasized the importance of systematic, quantitative research so we could get objective information on how well the different kinds of psychotherapy actually worked, and how effective they are in comparison to antidepressant drug therapy.