Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy (89 page)
Read Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy Online
Authors: David D. Burns
Since the time of those three early pioneers, many hundreds of gifted researchers and clinicians throughout the world have contributed to this new approach. In fact, there has probably been more published research on cognitive therapy than on any other form of psychotherapy ever developed, with the possible exception of behavior therapy. Clearly, I cannot mention all the individuals who have made important contributions to the development of cognitive therapy. In the early days of cognitive therapy, during the 1970s, I worked with several colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine who helped to create many of the treatment techniques still in use today.
They included Drs. John Rush, Maria Kovacs, Brian Shaw, Gary Emery, Steve Hollon, Rich Bedrosian, Ruth Greenberg, Ira Herman, Jeff Young, Art Freeman, Ron Coleman, Jackie Persons, and Robert Leahy.
Several individuals have given me permission to refer to their work in detail in this book, including Drs. Raymond Novaco, Arlene Weissman, and Mark K. Goldstein.
I would like to make special mention of Maria Guarnaschelli, the editor of this book, for her endless spark and vitality which have been a special inspiration to me.
During the time I was engaged in the training and research which led to this book, I was a Fellow of the Foundations’ Fund for Research in Psychiatry. I would like to thank them for their support which made this experience possible.
And my thanks to Frederick K. Goodwin, MD., a former chief at the National Institute of Mental Health, for his valuable consultation with regard to the role of biological factors and antidepressant drugs in treating mood disorders. Two Stanford colleagues, Drs. Greg Tarasoff and Joe Bellenoff, provided helpful feedback about the new drug chapters.
I would like to thank Arthur P. Schwartz for his encouragement and persistence. I would also like to thank Ann McKay Thoroman at Avon Books for editorial help on the new psychopharmacology chapters.
Finally, I would like to thank my daughter. Signe Burns, for extraordinarily helpful suggestions and meticulous editing of the new material in this 1999 edition.
DAVID D. BURNS, M.D.,
is an adjunct clinical professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Stanford University School of Medicine and has served as Visiting Scholar at Harvard Medical School. His bestselling book, Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy, has sold more than four million copies worldwide and is the book most often recommended by mental health professionals to patients suffering from anxiety and depression.
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YOU OWE IT TO YOURSELF TO FEEL GOOD!
In a national survey of more than 1,000 self-help books, Dr. David Burns’s
Feeling Good
was rated as the most helpful book on depression—the most frequently recommended by American mental health professionals. Five controlled outcome studies published in scientific journals indicated that 70 percent of depressed individuals who read
Feeling Good
improved within four weeks, without receiving other treatment—and maintained their improvement during follow-up periods of up to three years.
The antidepressant effects of
Feeling Good
appear to be as strong as antidepressant medications or individual psychotherapy for patients suffering from episodes of major depression!
Although Dr. Burns does not recommend any self-help book as a substitute for professional therapy,
Feeling Good
should prove immensely illuminating to anyone suffering from depression or anxiety.
“I would personally evaluate David Burns’s
Feeling Good
as one of the most significant books to come out of the last third of the Twentieth Century.” Dr. David F. Maas, Professor of English, Ambassador University
1.
Schatzberg, A. F., Cole, J. O., & DeBattista, C. (1997)
Manual of Clinical Psychopharmacology
. Third Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
2.
Some psychologists are lobbying for the right to prescribe drugs, and some psychologists in the armed services have already been licensed to prescribe drugs. There is intense controversy about the merits of this proposal. Some psychologists argue that the right to prescribe drugs is desirable because it will put them on an even footing to compete with psychiatrists for patients. Other psychologists argue that drug prescribing requires extensive medical training and that the profession will lose an important part of its identity if psychologists win the right to prescribe drugs. They also point out that the role of the psychiatrist, particularly in managed care situations, has become quite unappealing. Many psychiatrists who work for HMOs are now forced to see huge numbers of patients for extremely brief visits consisting only of discussions about medications without any time to do psychotherapy or to learn about the problems in their patients’ lives.
3.
Baxter, L. R., Schwartz, J. M., & Bergman, K. S., et al. (1992). Caudate glucose metabolic rate changes with both drug and behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorders.
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Simons, A. D., Garfield, S. L., & Murphy, G. E. (1984). The process of change in cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy for depression.
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41, 45–51.
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Antonuccio, D. O., Danton, W. G., & DeNelsky, G. Y. (1995). Psychotherapy versus medication for depression: Challenging the conventional wisdom with data.
Professional Psychology: Research and Practice
26 (6) 574–585.
6.
Dobson, K. S. (1989). A meta-analysis of the efficacy of cognitive therapy for depression.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
, 57(3), 414–419.
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Hollon, S. D., & Beck, A. T. (1994). Cognitive and cognitive behavioral therapies. Chapter 10 in A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.),
Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavioral Change
(pp. 428–466). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Robinson, L. A., Berman, J. S., & Neimeyer, R. A. (1990). Psychotherapy for the treatment of depression: Comprehensive review of controlled outcome research.
Psychological Bulletin
, 108, 30–49.
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Scogin, F, Jamison, C., & Gochneaut, K. (1989). The comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
57, 403–07.
10.
Scogin, F., Hamblin, D., & Beutler, L. (1987). Bibliotherapy for depressed older adults: A self-help alternative.
The Gerontologist
27, 383–387.
11.
Scogin, F., Jamison, C., & Davis, N. (1990). A two-year follow-up of the effects of bibliotherapy for depressed older adults.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
58, 665–667.
12.
Jamison, C., & Scogin, F. (1995). Outcome of cognitive bibliotherapy with depressed adults.
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63, 644–650.
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Smith, N. M., Floyd, M. R., Jamison, C., & Scogin, F. (1997). Three-year follow-up of bibliotherapy for depression.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
65 (2), 324–327.
14.
Burns, D. D., and Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Coping styles, homework compliance and the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
59 (2), 305–311.
15.
Burns, D. D., & Auerbach, A. H. (1992). Do self-help assignments enhance recovery from depression?
Psychiatric Annals
22 (9), 464–469.
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Dessain, E. C., Schatzberg, A. F., & Woods, B.T. (1986). Maprotiline treatment in depression: a perspective on seizures.
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Maxmen, J. S., & Ward, N. G. (1995).
Psychotropic Drugs Fast Facts
, Second Edition. New York: W. W. Norton
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18.
You will notice that the percentages of patients reporting stomach upset in Table 20–5 are a little lower than
20 percent to 30 percent on the average. This is because the percentages in the table represent the differences between the rates for the actual drug minus the rates for patients taking placebo medications.
19.
You will learn below that the MAOIs can cause dangerous blood pressure elevations, but this is only if you take one of the forbidden foods or medications. Usually, the MAOIs can cause a mild drop in blood pressure.
20.
A patient with a “difficult” or “resistant” depression is simply one who does not readily respond to the usual treatments. If your doctor tries many antidepressant drugs and you do not improve, your doctor will naturally conclude that your depression is more difficult than usual to treat. However, you may respond nicely to another type of treatment. I have treated large numbers of patients who had years and years of unsuccessful treatment with a wide variety of drugs prior to seeing me. Many of these “difficult” patients recovered when I used cognitive therapy techniques like those described in this book.
No single treatment is a panacea for everyone. That’s why it is important to have lots of approaches available, including many different kinds of medicines and many different kinds of psychotherapeutic methods as well. The term, “different strokes for different folks” is right on target in the context of depression treatment!
21.
Arky, R. (Medical Consultant). (1998).
Physician’s Desk Reference
, 52 Edition. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc.
22.
The telephone number of the Madison Institute of Medicine is 608-827-2470; their fax is 608-827-2479; their address is 7617 Mineral Point Road, Suite 300, Madison,
Wisconsin, 53717; and their email is [email protected]. They can do literature searches and supply pamphlets, reprints and other information for a modest fee.
23.
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24.
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Nelson, J. C., & Price, L. H. (1995). Lithium or desipramine augmentation of fluoxetine treatment (letter).
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Weilburg, J. B., Rosenbaum, J. F., Biederman, J., et al. (1989). Fluoxetine added to non-MAOI antidepressants converts nonresponders to responders: a preliminary report.
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Nirenberg, A. A., Cole, J. O., & Glass, L. (1992). Possible trazodone potentiation of fluoxetine: a case series.
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Joffee, R. T., Levitt, A. J., Bagby, R. M. et al. (1993). Predictors of response to lithium and triodothyronine:
augmentation of antidepressants in tricycylic non-responders.
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31.
Fawcett, J., Kravitz, H. M., Zajeda, J. M., et al. (1991). CNS stimulant potentiation of monoamine oxidase inhibitors in treatment of refractory depression.
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Books by David D. Burns, M.D.
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The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended as a substitute for consulting with your physician. All matters regarding your health require medical supervision.