For the Thrill of It: Leopold, Loeb, and the Murder That Shocked Jazz Age Chicago (67 page)

60.
Ibid., fol. 4364.

61.
Ibid., fols. 4402–4404.

62.
Ibid., fols. 4404–4405.

63.
Ibid., fols. 4405–4406

64.
“Caverly Decides Sept. 10; Jabs Crowe,”
Chicago Daily News
, 28 August 1924; John Ashenhurst, “Trial Ends in Rebuke to Crowe; Sentence Sept. 10,”
Chicago American
, 28 August 1924.

CHAPTER 16: SENTENCING

1.
“Text of Judge Caverly’s Decision of 1,000 Words,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 11 September 1924.

2.
“Crank Phoned Wife Caverly Was Shot,”
Chicago American
, 2 September 1924; “Leopold Hopes, If Hanged, to Test Hereafter,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 3 September 1924.

3.
“Mumbler Looking for Caverly Held,”
Chicago American
, 5 September 1924.

4.
Charles V. Slattery, “Caverly Sifts Murder Evidence,”
Chicago Herald and Examiner
, 30 August 1924; “Moving Day in Court Building Delays Caverly,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 30 August 1924.

5.
Edward L. Corey, “‘Mind Not Made Up’—Caverly,”
Chicago American
, 5 September 1924.

6.
“Franks Sell Their Home of Cruel Memory,”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 31 August 1924.

7.
“Reminders of ‘Bobby’s’ Fate Cause Sale of Franks House,”
New York Times
, 1 September 1924; “Franks Sell.”

8.
“Loebs to Sell Home to Escape Haunting Memories, Is Report,”
Chicago American
, 9 September 1924.

9.
“Loeb Recalls Last Time He Danced to Tune He Hears Visitor Whistle,”
Chicago American
, 4 September 1924.

10.
Betty Walker, “Girl, Society Matron, See Two Slayers,”
Chicago Herald and Examiner
, 30 August 1924.

11.
“Memoirs Planned by Franks Slayer,”
New York Times
, 4 September 1924.

12.
“Leopold to Write Story of His Life,”
Chicago American
, 3 September 1924.

13.
“Leopold Wants to Bet That He Will Be Hanged,”
The Sun
(New York), 9 September 1924; “Betting 3 to 1 Leopold, Loeb Will Not Hang,”
Detroit Free Press
, 10 September 1924.

14.
“Leopold Hopes,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 3 September 1924; “Leopold Prepares for Death by Writing His Will in Prison,”
The Sun
(New York), 3 September 1924.

15.
“Gene Geary to Guide Loeb and Pal,”
Chicago American
, 2 September 1924.

16.
Corey, “‘Mind Not Made Up’”; “Rope Penalty for Slayers Means Fight,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 1 September 1924.

17.
“Gene Geary,”
Chicago American
, 2 September 1924; “4 Alienists Are Ready to Testify Leopold Jr. and Loeb Are Insane,”
Chicago American
, 4 September 1924; “Darrow Plans New Moves to Aid Boys,”
The Sun
(New York), 4 September 1924.

18.
“Last Plea May Save Slayers from the Gallows,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 4 September 1924; “Dooms Young Slayer to Gallows; Relents,”
Chicago Daily News
, 14 June 1924; “Russell Scott, Loop Slayer, Gets Chance for Life,”
Chicago Evening Post
, 11 July 1924.

19.
“Call Riflemen as Escort for Caverly after Threats,”
Chicago American
, 9 September 1924.

20.
“Guards Arm for Loeb Sentence,”
Chicago American
, 8 September 1924; “Call Riflemen.”

21.
“Killer’s Alienist Afraid, Is Given Bluecoat Guard,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 11 September 1924.

22.
“Life or Death Ruling Today,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 10 September 1924.

23.
“Loeb’s Father Stricken,”
New York Times
, 7 September 1924; “Slayers of Franks Boy Get Life Terms,”
The Sun
(New York), 10 September 1924.

24.
“Today’s Radio Programs,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 10 September 1924.

25.
“Text,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 11 September 1924.

26.
“Life for Slayers of Franks,”
Chicago Daily News
, 10 September 1924.

27.
“Text”; “Slayers of Franks, Too Young to Hang, Get Life Sentence,”
New York Evening Post
, 10 September 1924.

28.
Robert M. Lee, “Joliet Gets Slayers Today,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 11 September 1924.

29.
“Darrow Elated at Caverly’s Decision,”
Chicago Daily News
, 10 September 1924.

30.
“Never Set Boys Free, Crowe Warns Board,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 12 September 1924.

31.
“Franks’ Mother Glad It’s Over,”
San Francisco Chronicle
, 11 September 1924.

p1

32.
“Never Set Boys Free.”

33.
“Slayers’ Trip from Jail to Prison,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 12 September 1924.

34.
Harry C. Read, “How Joliet Would Treat Boy Slayers,”
Chicago American
, 2 September 1924.

35.
“Chair Factory Benches Await Killers at Pen,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 11 September 1924; Read, “How Joliet”; Tyrrell Krum, “Killers in ‘Solitary’ Cells,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 12 September 1924.

CHAPTER 17: THE AFTERMATH

1.
Clarence Darrow to Adolph Germer, December 1924, Folder 1, Box 4, Adolph Germer Papers, Wisconsin Historical Society.

2.
Ruby Darrow to Lincoln Steffens, n.d. (1925), Series II, Lincoln Steffens Papers, Columbia University.

3.
Editorial, “Franks Slayers’ Sentence Helps to Explain Herrin,”
Newark Evening News
, 10 September 1924.

4.
Editorial, “Judge Caverly’s Sentence,”
The Bulletin
(San Francisco), 10 September 1924; Editorial, “The Franks Case Decision,”
Kansas City Post
, 10 September 1924.

5.
Editorial, “The Mercy of the Court,”
New York Times
, 11 September 1924.

6.
Editorial, “The Life Sentence,”
St. Paul Dispatch
, 10 September 1924.

7.
Editorial, “The Mind of the Judge,”
The Sun
(New York), 16 September 1924.

8.
Editorial, “Perfectly Comprehensible,”
Detroit Free Press
, 15 September 1924; Editorial, “Consistency,”
Cleveland Plain Dealer
, 14 September 1924.

9.
“Pleads to Save Son from Gallows,”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 14 September 1924; Editorial, “Grant’s Sentence Should Now Be Commuted,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 13 September 1924.

10.
“Bernard Grant Wins Reprieve of Three Months,”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 21 September 1924.

11.
“Says Leopold and Loeb Can Be Paroled in 1935,”
New York Times
, 1 September 1926.

12.
“Power to Pardon Loeb and Leopold Held by Governor,”
Evening Star
(Washington, D.C.), 11 September 1924.

13.
Editorial, “Judge Caverly’s Decision,”
St. Louis Globe-Democrat
, 11 September 1924.

14.
Robert T. Small, “Press of Nation Condemns Leopold-Loeb Sentence as Proof of Two-Law System,”
Atlanta Journal
, 11 September 1924; Editorial, “The Loeb-Leopold Case,”
Commercial Appeal
(Memphis), 11 September 1924.

15.
Editorial, “The Chicago Verdict,”
Birmingham Age-Herald
, 11 September 1924; Editorial, “Life Imprisonment,”
Charleston Gazette
, 11 September 1924.

16.
Editorial, “A Victory for Murder,”
The Courier-Journal
(Louisville), 11 September 1924.

17.
Editorial, “Disintegrating Society,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 19 September 1924.

18.
“Girl Confesses Murder,”
Chicago Daily News
, 30 August 1924; “Girl Confesses Slaying Woman,”
Chicago Herald and Examiner
, 31 August 1924; “Vote to Indict Two Girls as Slayers,”
Chicago American
, 3 September 1924.

19.
“Young Slayers, 2 Pretty Girls, Ask for Darrow,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 2 September 1924.

20.
“Comments on Decision in the Franks Case,”
Boston Daily Globe
, 11 September 1924.

21.
“Franks Decision Divides Public,”
The Sun
(New York), 11 September 1924; “Poor Boy of 19 Seeks a Pardon in Illinois to Escape Hanging,”
The Sun
(New York), 15 September 1924.

22.
I. L. Bril, Editorial, “Our Civilization to Blame,”
Jewish Daily News
, 11 September 1924.

23.
“Comments,”
Boston Daily Globe
, 11 September 1924.

24.
Editorial, “We Must Make a Change,”
San Francisco Chronicle
, 12 September 1924; Editorial, “Alienists in Criminal Trials,”
Evening Star
(Washington, D.C.), 12 September 1924.

25.
“Blanton Will Air New Charges Soon,”
Evening Star
(Washington, D.C.), 1 April 1926.

26.
[J. R. McCarl],
Investigation of St. Elizabeths Hospital
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1927), 126–127; “Condemns Hospital for Federal Insane,”
New York Times
, 17 December 1926.

27.
“Dr. William White, Psychiatrist, Dies,”
New York Times
, 8 March 1937.

28.
“Only Poor Hang, Darrow Says in Gotham Debate,”
New York Times
, 27 October 1924;
Debate, Resolved: That Capital Punishment Is a Wise Public Policy. Clarence Darrow, Negative; Judge Alfred J. Talley, Affirmative
(New York: League for Public Discussion, 1924), 41.

29.
“New Hospital Organized to Check Mental Diseases,”
New York Times
, 11 May 1924; “Darrow Likes Plan for ‘Crime Hospital,’”
New York Times
, 22 September 1924.

30.
Edward Larson,
Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America’s Continuing Debate over Science and Religion
(New York: Basic Books, 1997).

31.
John Kobler,
Capone: The Life and World of Al Capone
(New York: Putnam, 1971), 176–179; Laurence Bergren,
Capone: The Man and the Era
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994), 162–165.

32.
“Emmerson Wins by 400,000,”
Chicago Daily Tribune,
11 April 1928.

33.
Nathan F. Leopold,
Life Plus 99 Years
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1958), 87–88.

34.
Ibid., 132.

35.
Gladys Erickson,
Warden Ragen of Joliet
(New York: Dutton, 1957), 42–47; James B. Jacobs,
Stateville: The Penitentiary in Mass Society
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977), 20–25.