For the Thrill of It: Leopold, Loeb, and the Murder That Shocked Jazz Age Chicago (68 page)
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Authors: Simon Baatz
Tags: #General, #United States, #Biography, #Murder, #History, #Non-Fiction, #Biography & Autobiography, #20th Century, #Legal History, #Law, #True Crime, #State & Local, #Criminals & Outlaws, #Case studies, #Murderers, #Chicago, #WI), #Illinois, #Midwest (IA, #ND, #NE, #IL, #IN, #OH, #MO, #MN, #MI, #KS, #SD
36.
Jacobs,
Stateville
, 22; Leopold,
Life Plus 99 Years
, 173, 175, 177, 180–181, 193, 216, 223–235.
37.
Nathan F. Leopold Jr. [William F. Lanne, pseud.], “Parole Prediction as Science,”
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
26 (1935–1936): 377–400; Leopold,
Life Plus 99 Years
, 251–264.
38.
“New Evidence of Loeb Prison Rule Revealed,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 1 February 1936; Erickson,
Warden Ragen
, 80.
39.
“Horner Yields to Demand for Prison Inquiry,”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 2 February 1936; “Prison a Homey Club with Dues, Felons Declare,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 21 February 1936; “Two Convicts Tell Favors to Loeb in Prison,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 3 June 1936.
40.
“Kills Loeb; Prison Scandal,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 29 January 1936; Seymour Korman, “Seek Death Jury to Try Convict Slayer of Loeb,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 26 May 1936.
41.
Leopold,
Life Plus 99 Years
, 266–270.
42.
In 1929 Illinois changed its method of execution to the electric chair.
43.
Leopold,
Life Plus 99 Years
, 284.
44.
Ibid., 281–283.
45.
“Prison Malaria,”
Life
15 (June 1945): 43–46, 48; Charles Remsberg, “The Convict & Medical Research,”
Kiwanis Magazine
46 (April 1961): 38–40, 49–50; Leopold,
Life Plus 99 Years
, 306.
46.
George Wright, “Heirens Tells More Crime Details—Talks Five Hours,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 24 July 1946; “Heirens Tells How He Strangled Suzanne Degnan, 6, and Carried Her Body from Home Down Ladder,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 7 August 1946.
47.
Genevieve Scott, “Heirens Just an ‘Ordinary Guy’ to Classmates,”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 30 June 1946.
48.
“Leopold Term Cut 14 Years; Parole Possible in 1953,”
Chicago Daily Sun Times
, 23 September 1949.
49.
Clayton Kirkpatrick, “Model Prisoner Leopold Numb at Idea of Freedom,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 11 August 1952.
50.
Marcia Winn, “Is 33 Years Enough to Pay? Asks Leopold,”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 10 March 1957; Marcia Winn, “Should Leopold Be Paroled?”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 2 June 1957.
51.
James Doherty, “How Leopold Asked Parole,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 9 January 1953; John Bartlow Martin, “Murder on His Conscience,”
Saturday Evening Post
2 (23 April 1955): 135.
52.
Martin, “Murder,” 135.
53.
Elmer Gertz,
A Handful of Clients
(Chicago: Follett, 1965), 97.
54.
Doherty, “How Leopold.”
55.
“Leopold Parole Bid Denied,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 15 May 1953; Martin, “Murder,” 135.
56.
“Florida Says No to a Job for Leopold,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 12 March 1958; Gertz,
Handful of Clients
, 38–39; Roy Brown, “Leopold’s Life Ahead,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 13 March 1958.
57.
Gertz,
Handful of Clients
, 54–55.
58.
Ibid., 62–63.
59.
Joseph Egelhof, “Misled by Loeb: Leopold,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 6 February 1958; Gertz,
Handful of Clients
, 61.
60.
Gertz,
Handful of Clients
, 100.
61.
Ibid., 102.
62.
“JACK EIGEN speaking,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 8 March 1958; Gertz,
Handful of Clients
, 103.
63.
Tom Littlewood, “Leopold Wins Freedom after 33 Years in Cell; Touhy Also Gets Parole,”
Chicago Daily Sun-Times
, 21 February 1958; Gertz,
Handful of Clients
, 115–116.
64.
Gertz,
Handful of Clients
, 116.
65.
Joseph Egelhof, “Illness Mars Leopold’s First Day on Parole,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 14 March 1958; Gertz,
Handful of Clients
, 117.
66.
“Leopold Due on Job Today in Puerto Rico,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 15 March 1958; Leopold Lands in Puerto Rico; Happy, He Says,”
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 16 March 1958. Leopold’s graduate thesis was published as Nathan Freudenthal Leopold, “Caracteristicas Sicosociales de un Grupo de Miembros Pertenecientes a la Socieda de Alcohólicos Anónimos en la Penitencieria Estatal” (MA thesis, University of Puerto Rico, 1961).
67.
Brown, “Leopold’s Life Ahead”; “Leopold Will Study Year at Puerto Rico U.,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 1 August 1959.
68.
“Leopold Sues Levin, Zanuck over Novel,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 3 October 1959.
69.
Meyer Levin,
The Obsession
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973), 225, 227.
70.
“Leopold Loses His Privacy Suit,”
Chicago Tribune
, 28 May 1970.
71.
Ray Brennan, “Leopold’s Fiancée Tells of Romance in Letter,”
Chicago Sun-Times
, 12 January 1961; “Leopold and Widow Marry in Puerto Rico,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 8 February 1961.
72.
Elmer Gertz,
To Life
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974), 192–193.
73.
“Nathan Leopold Dies at Age 66,”
Chicago Tribune
, 30 August 1971; “Leopold ‘Atonement’ Over, Widow States,”
Chicago Tribune
, 31 August 1971.
LEOPOLD AND LOEB IN FICTION
1.
Harry Salpeter, “F. Scott Fitzgerald Becomes Oracle,”
The World
(New York), 3 April 1927.
2.
Nigel Jones,
Through a Glass Darkly: The Life of Patrick Hamilton
(London: Scribner, 1991), 153–159; Sean French,
Patrick Hamilton: A Life
(London: Faber and Faber, 1993), 101–104.
3.
Donald Spoto,
The Art of Alfred Hitchcock: Fifty Years of His Motion Pictures
, 2nd ed. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 166–172; Robin Wood,
Hitchcock’s Films Revisited
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1989), 349–357; Patrick McGilligan,
Alfred Hitchcock: A Life in Darkness and Light
(New York: HarperCollins, 2003), 419–420.
4.
James Yaffe,
Nothing but the Night
(Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1957); Mary-Carter Roberts,
Little Brother Fate
(New York: Farrar, Straus, and Cudahy, 1957); Meyer Levin,
Compulsion
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1956).
5.
Barbara Leaming,
Orson Welles
(New York: Viking, 1985), 440–445.
6.
John Logan,
Never the Sinner: The Leopold and Loeb Story
(New York: Overlook, 1999).
SOURCES
1.
Hal Higdon,
The Crime of the Century: The Leopold and Loeb Case
(New York: Putnam, 1975); Paula S. Fass, “Making and Remaking an Event: The Leopold and Loeb Case in American Culture,”
Journal of American History
80 (1993): 919–951; Laurel Duchowny, “
Life Plus 99 Years
: Nathan Leopold and Chicago Criminology,”
Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
21 (2005): 336–349; Scott W. Howe, “Reassessing the Individualization Mandate in Capital Sentencing: Darrow’s Defense of Leopold and Loeb,”
Iowa Law Review
79 (1993–1994): 989–1071.
2.
Darrow published his version of the speech as
Clarence Darrow’s Plea in Defense of Loeb and Leopold
(Girard, KS: Haldeman-Julius, 1926).
3.
Lloyd Wendt,
Chicago Tribune: The Rise of a Great American Newspaper
(Chicago: Rand McNally, 1979), 480–486.
4.
The history of the Hearst newspapers in Chicago is recounted in George Murray,
The Madhouse on Madison Street
(Chicago: Follett, 1965).
5.
Frank Luther Mott,
American Journalism: A History, 1690
–
1960
, 3rd ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1972), 562–564, 662.
6.
Joseph P. Savage,
A Man Named Savage
(New York: Vantage, 1975).
7.
Clarence Darrow,
The Story of My Life
(New York: Scribner, 1932), 226–243.
8.
Nathan F. Leopold Jr.,
Life Plus 99 Years
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1958).
SEARCHABLE TERMS
Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.
Abelson, Lester, 123
Abt, Henry, 38
Addams, Jane, 34
Adler, Aaron, 69–70
Adventures of Jimmie Dale, The
(Packard), 35
Ahern, Michael, 296
Allegheny College, 192
Allen, Elbert, 112, 136, 152, 155
Almer Coe and Company, 25–26
Alschuler, Adelia, 74
Altgeld, John Peter, 171, 174–75
Alwood, Fred, 16
Amalgamated Woodworkers Union, 179
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 424
American Federation of Labor (AFL), 181
American Maize Company, 10, 13
American Psychiatric Association, 257, 265, 307, 312, 420–21
American Psychoanalytic Association, 421
American Railway Union, 166, 177
anarchism, 169–70, 183
Anderson, David, 362
Anderson, Dennis, 363
Anthony Trent, Master Criminal
(Martin), 35
Antichrist, The
(Nietzsche), vii anti-Semitism, 140, 322–23
Aretino, Pietro, 125–26
Ashtabula, Ohio, 166, 168, 174
Atlanta Journal
, 416
Bachman, John, 300–301
Bachrach, Benjamin, 143, 292
appearance, 242, 246, 253, 289
as attorney for Leopold family, 230, 231, 246, 289
background, 240–42
calendar in Leopold and Loeb case, 242–44
closing statement for the defense, 365–69
cross-examination of Hugh Patrick, 353
Crowe’s cross-examination of psychiatrists and, 314–15
death of, 447
defense of Jack Johnson, 241–42
fees in Leopold and Loeb case, 238
indictment against Leopold and Loeb, 240–41
moves for joint psychiatric report on mental condition of Leopold and Loeb, 285–88
objects to Crowe’s allegations, 381–83
questioning of Bernard Glueck, 323–27
threats during Leopold and Loeb case, 398
verdict in Leopold and Loeb case, 400
Bachrach, Walter, 257, 278, 280, 289, 303
court hearing on mitigation of punishment for Leopold and Loeb and, 292–94
death of, 447
questioning of Harold Hulbert, 327–34
questioning of William White, 307–11
threats during Leopold and Loeb case, 398
Bain, Rex, 296
Balzac, Honoré de, 73
Barasa, Bernard, 206
Barish, David, 67
Barish, Gertrude, 141, 142
Barker, Gertrude, 23–24
Barnhart, Marvin, 221
Barrett, George, 187, 188
Bartholomew, W. D., 214
Beloved Traitor, The
(Packard), 35
Ben-Hur
(Wallace), 34
Birmingham Age-Herald
, 416
Bither, William, 220
Black Hand kidnapping gangs, 16
Blaine, Edward, 252, 336
Blanton, Thomas Lindsay, 421
Bliss, George, 431
Bookwalter, John, 442–43
Boston Daily Globe
, 418
Bowman, Andrew, 363
Bowman, Karl, 245, 246–56
endocrinology and mental health, 250
psychiatric examination of Leopold and Loeb, 251–56
report of, 312, 345–46, 354, 384, 385, 387
Brill, A. A., 420
Brockmeyer, Thomas, 397–98
Brown, Abel, 439, 444
Brown, Sanger, 253
Brundage, Edward, 204, 219, 223
Bryan, William Jennings, 424
Burton, Marion, 55
Caligraph machine, 330
Calkins, Robert, 273
Camponi, Frank, 363
Capone, Al, 425–26
Cardinella, Salvatore, 363
car used in murder of Bobby Franks
blood washed from, 91–93
chauffeur’s testimony and, 127–30
disposal of body and, 85–87
equipment for murder placed in, 78
kidnapping of Bobby Franks and, 81–83
Leopold opens bank account as Morton D. Ballard, 65–66, 291
Leopold rents car, 74, 76, 141, 291
Leopold rents car as rehearsal for murder, 67–68
returned to rental office, 98
Caverly, Charlotte, 391–92
Caverly, John, 21–22, 140
address on his conduct of hearing, 389–90
apartment of, 391–92, 399
assassination of, hoax, 391–92
background, 241
as chief justice in Cook County Criminal Court, 241
as city attorney, 241
death of, 447
death penalty and, 240
decides on admissibility of mitigating testimony, 294–304, 306
guilty plea by Leopold and Loeb, 282–88
hearing on mitigation of punishment, 284–304, 305–19, 324–38, 382–83
as judge in Leopold and Loeb case, 232, 240, 276
not guilty plea by Leopold and Loeb entered before, 240–42
options for punishment in murder cases, 277, 364
sets calendar in Leopold and Loeb case, 242–44
threats during Leopold and Loeb case, 323, 391–93, 398
verdict, 391, 399–403, 414–15, 417
verdict, public reaction, 410–20
Champion Manufacturing Company, 63, 64, 94
Charleston Gazette
, 416
Chicago
assassination of mayor, 166–68, 173
Back of the Yards, 359
Black Hand gangs, 16
Columbian Exposition of 1893, 104, 167
crime statistics, 215
Democratic Party in, 6, 168
election of 1920, 205–9
gangland killings, 363, 425
Haymarket bombing, 169–70
Hyde Park, 45, 61, 65, 66, 81, 87, 88, 123
illegal gambling in, 182, 217
Jewish community, 138–39, 140, 221, 419
Kenwood, 30, 45, 61, 79, 80–81, 98, 109, 117, 138–39, 231, 393–94
Ku Klux Klan in, 322–23
labor movement in, 177
Leopold family moves to, 29–30
murder of Janet Wilkinson, 197–201
murder rate, 162, 417, 425
organized crime in, 295, 425–26
police brutality in, 17, 18, 212, 235
police of, contacted about kidnapping of Bobby Franks, 8–9
political corruption, 208–9, 218–24, 425
political reform movement, 218–20
politics, radical and progressive, 168–69
public opinion in Leopold and Loeb case, 237–38, 243, 276–78, 319–23
relationship of police and journalists, 146–47
Republican Party in, 6, 161, 203, 204–5, 426
roundup of pedophiles and homosexuals, 21–22
settlement house movement, 34
spectators at Leopold and Loeb hearings, 239–40, 293, 369–71, 398
violence at polls, 207
voter demographics, 203
West Side political machine, 203, 204
Chicago American
, 100, 103, 463
Caverly statement to, 393
Leopold statement to, 396
Chicago Board of Education, 34, 144, 220–22
Chicago Church Federation, 275
Chicago Cubs, 395
Chicago Daily Journal
, 207, 218–19, 462, 463, 464
Hughes interview, 233–34
Marshall interview, 234
Chicago Daily News
, 12, 103, 119, 120, 463, 464
Loeb leads reporters to drugstore, 101–2
Chicago Daily Tribune
, 146, 206, 426, 462–63
calls for death penalty in Fitzgerald case, 200
cartoon, battle of the alienists, 355
cartoon, radio broadcast, 274
case of Emma Simpson, 190
clemency for Grant urged, 414
on Geary case, 297
Glueck interview, 326–27
Leopold interview (1952), 437
on Lundin acquittal, 224
radio broadcast of Leopold and Loeb trial proposed, 272–76
reputation, 239, 462–63
verdict in Leopold and Loeb case and, 417
Chicago Evening Post
, 322, 464
Chicago Herald-American
, 463
Chicago Herald and Examiner
, 146, 213, 463
editorial on guilt of Leopold and Loeb, 237
Leopold and Loeb on guilty plea, 288
Leopold’s statement on his sanity, 254–55
Chicago Latin School, 33
Chicago Sunday Tribune
, 462–63
Savage interview on insanity defense, 268–69
Chicago Women’s Club, 34, 39
Church, Archibald, 155–56, 191, 420
Darrow’s cross-examination, 348–52
psychiatric interview of Leopold and Loeb, 156–61
testimony, 339, 346–47
Church of the Brethren, 439, 446
Clabaugh, Hinton, 414–15
Cleveland Plain Dealer
, 413
Cliff Mines (Michigan), 29
Clinnin, John, 236
Cocoanut Grove Restaurant, 116
Collins, Cornelius, 418
Collins, Morgan, 15–16, 20, 21–22, 25
communism, 183
Communist Labor Party, 183
Compulsion
(film), 445–46, 450–51
Compulsion
(Levin), 445–46, 450, 451
Cook County Criminal Court, 256, 426
Caverly as chief justice, 241
Darrow in practice before, 170–72, 183–84
hearing on mitigation of punishment for Leopold and Loeb, 284–390
indictment against Leopold and Loeb, 232–44
insanity commissions, 153