Freedom's Forge (56 page)

10
. Gelernter,
1939
.

11
. Mauro,
Twilight
, 172.

12
. Geoffrey Hellman, “Design for Living–III,”
New Yorker
, February 22, 1941, 29–31.

13
. Mauro,
Twilight
, 177.

14
. Gelernter,
1939
, 24–25.

15
. Sloan,
Adventures
, 207–8.

16
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 202.

17
. Knudsen Papers, Subseries A: Box 4, correspondence 13–16.

18
. Mauro,
Twilight
, 291.

  1
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 234.

  2
. Russell Buhite and David Levy,
FDR’s Fireside Chats
(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992), May 26, 1940, 159; Beasley,
Knudsen
, 231.

  3
. Interview with Martha Knudsen McKenney, quoted in M.W.R. Davis,
Detroit’s Wartime Industry: Arsenal of Democracy
(Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2007), 8.

  4
. Farber,
Sloan Rules
, 205.

  5
. Albert Blum, “Birth and Death of the M-Day Plan,” in Harold Stein, ed.,
American Civil-Military Decisions: A Book of Case Studies
(Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1963), 77.

  6
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 235.

  7
. Thomas Fleming,
The New Dealers’ War: F.D.R. and the War within World War II
(New York: Basic Books, 2001), 161.

  8
. Robert Sherwood,
Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate Biography
(New York: Harper and Brothers, 1948), 160.

  9
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 237.

10
.
New York Times
, May 28, 1940.

11
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 238.

12
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 238.

13
. Richard Overy,
Why the Allies Won
(New York: Norton, 1995), 190.

14
. Walton,
Miracle of World War II
, 41.

15
. See chart in Alan L. Gropman,
The Big “L”: American Logistics in World War II
, “Industrial Mobilization,” 75.

16
. Walton,
Miracle of World War II
, 25.

17
. Burnham Finney,
Arsenal of Democracy: How Industry Builds Our Defense
(New York: Whittlesey House, 1941), 142–43.

18
. John Paxton, “Myth vs. Reality: The Question of Mass Production in WWII,”
Economic and Business Journal: Inquiries and Perspectives
(Vol. 1., No. 1, October 2008), 91–93; Mark Harrison, “Resource Mobilization for World War II, the USA, UK, USSR, and Germany, 1938–45,”
Economic History Review
, Vol. 41, No. 2 (1988), 184.

19
.
The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes
, Vol. 3 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1953), 393.

20
.
Secret Diary
, Vol. 3, entry for June 2, 1940, 194–95.

21
. Thomas Fleming,
The New Dealers’ War
, 85–86.

22
.
Secret Diary
, Vol. 3, entry for June 30, 1940, 223.

23
. Dwight Tuttle,
Harry L. Hopkins and Anglo-American-Soviet Relations 1941–45
(New York: Garland, 1983), 41–42.

24
. Baruch,
Memoirs
, Vol. 2, 283.

25
. Jesse Jones,
Fifty Billion Dollars
(New York: Macmillan, 1950), 66.

26
. Jones,
Fifty Billion Dollars
, 271–75; Bascom Timmons,
Jesse H. Jones: The Man and the Statesman
(New York: Holt, 1956), 295.

27
. Timmons,
Jones
, 296.

28
. Gropman,
The Big
“L,” 12–13.

29
. Holl,
From the Boardroom
, 72.

30
. Gropman,
The Big
“L,” 12.

31
. Harrison, “Mobilization for World War II,” 9–10.

32
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 90.

33
. Borth,
Masters of Mass Production
, 49.

34
. David Lloyd George,
War Memoirs
, Vol. 2 (Boston: Little Brown, 1934), 1831.

35
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 245–46.

36
. Harry C. Thomson and Lida Mayo,
The Ordnance Department: Procurement and Supply
(Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1960, 2003), 45–46.

37
. Robert G. Albion,
Forrestal and the Navy
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1962), 44–47.

38
.
Time
, June 12, 1940, 18–19.

39
. Knudsen Papers: Speech to General Motors Key City Club, September 1937.

40
. Finney,
Arsenal of Democracy
, 27–28.

41
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 247.

42
.
Time
, June 17, 1940, 17.

43
. Henry Stimson,
Diary
, entry for October 4, 1940, 18.

44
. Holl,
From the Boardrooom
, 53.

45
. Minutes of the Advisory Commission-Council on National Defense (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1946), 1–2.

46
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 254; Smith,
The Army and Economic Mobilization
, 130.

47
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 254–55.

48
. Stimson,
Diary
, July 25, 1940, 36; August 14, 1940, 87.

49
. Stimson,
Diary
, May 1941.

50
. Quoted in Farber,
Sloan Rules
, 225.

51
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 295.

  1
. Alistair Cooke,
The American Home Front
(New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2006), 246.

  2
. John B. Rae,
Climb to Greatness: The American Aircraft Industry, 1920–1960
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1968), 104.

  3
. Edward Stettinius Jr.,
Lend-Lease: Weapon for Victory
(New York: Macmillan, 1944), 14.

  4
. James Winchester, ed.,
American Military Aircraft: A Century of Innovation
(New York: Metro Books), 282–83.

  5
. Stettinius,
Lend-Lease
, 23; Finney,
Arsenal of Democracy
, 56–57.

  6
. Richard Thruelson,
The Grumman Story
(New York: Praeger, 1976), 112.

  7
. Walton,
Miracle of World War II
, 419.

  8
. Cooke,
American Home Front
, 247.

  9
. Stettinius,
Lend-Lease
, 23.

10
. Rae,
Climb to Greatness
, 103.

11
. Kenneth Clark,
The Other Half: A Self-Portrait
(New York: Harper and Row, 1977), 17.

12
. Stettinius,
Lend-Lease
, 25.

13
. Stettinius,
Lend-Lease
, 26.

14
. Stettinius,
Lend-Lease
, 28.

15
. Smith,
The Army and Economic Mobilization
, 130–31.

16
.
Industrial Mobilization for War
(History of the War Production Board and Predecessor Agencies, 1940–45) (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1947), Vol. 1, 42.

17
. Burns Memo, June 13, 1940, G-4/31733, and Smith,
The Army and Economic Mobilization
, 130.

18
.
Industrial Mobilization
, Vol. 1, 41.

19
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 248.

20
. Jacob Vander Meulen,
Building the B-29
(Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995), 13.

21
. Stimson,
Diary
, August 2, 1940, 55.

22
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 249.

23
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 250.

24
. Walton,
Miracle of World War II
, 129.

25
. John Colville,
On the Fringes of Power: 10 Downing Street Diaries, 1939–October 1941
(London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1985), 225–26.

26
. Stimson,
Diary
, July 23, 1940, 29.

27
. Stettinius,
Lend-Lease
, 48.

28
. Craven and Cate, Vol. 6,
Men and Planes
, 399.

29
. Langer and Gleason,
The Undeclared War
, 183.

30
.
Industrial Mobilization
, Vol. 1, 51.

31
. Stimson,
Diary
, July 25, 1940, 36.

32
.
Fortune
, April 1941, 40.

33
. Borth,
Masters of Mass Production
, 63.

34
. Donald Nelson,
Arsenal of Democracy
(New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1946), 123; Beasley,
Knudsen
, 283.

35
. Borth,
Masters of Mass Production
.

36
. Minutes, AC-CND, August 9, 1940, 57; Stettinius,
Lend-Lease
, 54.

37
. Borth,
Masters of Mass Production
, 65.

38
. Borth,
Masters of Mass Production
, 65.

39
. Borth,
Masters of Mass Production
, 194.

40
. Eliot Janeway,
Struggle for Survival
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1951), 169.

41
. Michael Green and James Brown,
M4 Sherman at War
(Minneapolis: Zenith Books, 2007), 20.

42
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 329.

43
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 330.

44
.
Life
, March 31, 1941.

45
. Green and Brown,
Sherman at War
, 20.

46
. Stettinius,
Lend-Lease
, 55.

47
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 264.

48
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 264; Sorensen,
Forty Years with Ford
, 275.

49
. Sorensen,
Forty Years with Ford
, 275–76.

50
. Robert Higgs,
Depression, War, and Cold War: Studies in Political Economy
(Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2006), 39–40.

51
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 265.

52
. James Ward,
The Fall of the Packard Motor Company
(Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1995, 15.

53
. Ward,
Packard
, 15.

54
. Walton,
Miracle of World War II
, 89.

55
. Nelson,
Arsenal of Democracy
, 81.

56
. Ward,
Packard
, 44–45.

57
. Nelson,
Arsenal of Democracy
, 226–27.

58
. David Fisher,
A Race on the Edge of Time
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988), 268.

  1
. Knudsen Papers: Speech to Army Ordnance Association, October 8, 1940;
Time
, October 21, 1940, 23.

  2
. Quoted in Heiner,
Kaiser
, 61.

  3
. Borth,
Masters of Mass Production
, 115.

  4
. Adams,
Mr. Kaiser
, 74–75;
Secret Diary of Harold Ickes
, Vol. 2.

  5
. Adams,
Mr. Kaiser
, 79.

  6
. Adams,
Mr. Kaiser
, 8.

  7
. Knudsen Papers: Speech to Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, August 22, 1940.

  8
. Kaiser Papers: Calhoun to Kaiser, July 22, 1940, Carton 127, Folder 11.

  9
. Jonathan Utley,
Going to War with Japan 1937–1941
(Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1985), 121–22.

10
. Borth,
Masters of Mass Production
, 68.

11
. NDAC Minutes, 29.

12
. Borth,
Masters of Mass Production
, 166–67.

13
. Thomson and Mayo,
Ordnance Department
, 130–31.

14
. Nelson,
Arsenal of Democracy
, 213.

15
. Beasley,
Knudsen
.

16
. Stimson,
Diary
, September 16, 1940, 170.

17
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 274.

18
. Borth,
Masters of Mass Production
, 69.

19
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 286; Borth,
Masters of Mass Production
, 70–71.

20
. Borth,
Masters of Mass Production
, 70.

21
. Borth,
Masters of Mass Production
, 70–71.

22
.
Time
, November 4, 1940, 71.

23
. Alan Clive,
State of War: Michigan in World War II
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1976), 34–36.

24
. Stimson,
Diary
, October 16, 1940, 57.

25
. Craven and Cate, Vol. 6
Men and Planes
, 322.

26
.
The Nation
, November 1940.

27
. Craven and Cate,
Men and Planes
, 323.

28
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 287.

29
. Knudsen Papers: memo of November 18, 1940.

30
. John Morton Blum,
V Was for Victory: Politics and American Culture During World War II
(New York: Mariner Books, 1976), 123.

31
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 259.