Freedom's Forge (57 page)

32
. Vander Meulen,
Building the B-29
, 28.

33
. Sloan,
Confessions
, 134.

34
. Quoted in Farber,
Sloan Rules
, 185.

35
.
Life
, March 1941, 116.

36
. Quoted in Langer and Gleason,
The Undeclared War
, 180.

37
. Janeway,
Struggle for Survival
, 16.

38
.
The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes
, Vol. 3, entry of December 21, 1940, 391.

39
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 270–71.

40
. Stimson,
Diary
, December 19, 1940, 46.

41
. Heiner,
Kaiser
, 117.

42
. Frederic L. Quirk,
Kaiser’s Richmond Yards
(National Park Services: Historic American Engineering Record, 2004), 9–10.

43
. Foster,
Kaiser
, 71–72.

44
.
Life
, March 31, 1941.

45
. Stimson,
Diary
, Vol. 32, December 3, 1940, 10.

46
. Stimson,
Diary
, December 3, 1940, 11.

47
. Langer and Gleason,
The Undeclared War
, 228–29;
From the Morgenthau Diaries
, Vol. 2, 202–3.

48
. Langer and Gleason,
The Undeclared War
, 229.

49
.
From the Morgenthau Diaries
, Vol. 2, 208–9.

50
. Lynne Olson,
Citizens of London
(New York: Random House, 2010), 3.

51
. Stimson,
Diary
, December 20, 1940, 40.

52
. Stimson,
Diary
, December 21, 1940, 51.

53
. Knudsen Papers: NAM Speech.

54
. Buhite and Levy,
FDR’s Fireside Chats
, 171–73.

55
. Robert Sherwood,
Roosevelt and Hopkins
(New York: Harper, 1948), 226; Jesse H. Jones and Carl Pforzheimer,
Fifty Billion Dollars
(New York: Macmillan, 1951).

56
. Finney,
Arsenal of Democracy
, 14–15.

  1
. Foster,
Kaiser
, 71.

  2
. Heiner,
Kaiser
, 120.

  3
. Harry Thayer,
Management of the Hanford Engineer Works in World War II
(New York: American Society of Civil Engineers Press, 1996), 95.

  4
. Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. CA-326, “Kaiser’s Richmond Shipyards,” 48–50.

  5
. Interview with Peter Bedford, October 12, 2010.

  6
. Hannay Testimony, U.S. House of Representatives, Production in Shipbuilding Yards, Hearing Part Four, June 30, 1943, 1000–1.

  7
. Hannay Testimony, 1015.

  8
. Cooke,
Home Front
, 170.

  9
. Kaiser Papers: Oregon Shipbuilding, Carton 9, Folder 19.

10
. Foster,
Kaiser
, 32–33.

11
. Kaiser Papers: “Quotes from Henry Kaiser’s Speeches,” n.d, Carton 294.

12
. Foster,
Kaiser
, 75.

13
. John Bunker,
Liberty Ships: The Ugly Ducklings of World War II
(Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1972), 13.

14
. Foster,
Kaiser
, 75.

15
. Charles H. Coleman,
Shipbuilding Activities of the NDAC and OPM
, Report 18, Policy Analysis and Records, WPB (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1945) 10–14.

16
. Lane,
Ships for Victory
, 52–53.

17
. Lane,
Ships for Victory
, 73.

18
. Lane,
Ships for Victory
, 77.

19
. Lane,
Ships for Victory
, 84.

20
. Lane,
Ships for Victory
, 85.

21
. HAER, 56.

22
. Lane,
Ships for Victory
, 59.

23
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 303.

24
. Nelson,
Arsenal of Democracy
, 132.

25
. Jim Lacey,
Keep from All Thoughtful Men
(Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2011), 30.

26
. Langer and Gleason,
Undeclared War
, 436.

27
. Nelson,
Arsenal of Democracy
, 133.

28
. Steve Fraser,
Labor Will Rule: Sidney Hillman and the Rise of American Labor
(New York: Free Press, 1993).

29
. Max Kampelman,
The Communist Party vs. the CIO
(New York: Arno, 1971), 25–26.

30
. Borth,
Masters of Mass Production
, 251–52.

31
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 305.

32
. Knudsen Papers: National Press Club, March 19, 1941.

33
. Stimson,
Diary
, March 7, 1941.

34
. Stimson,
Diary
, March 7, 1941.

35
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 326.

36
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 313.

37
.
Fortune
, April 1941.

38
. Nelson,
Arsenal of Democracy
.

39
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 306.

40
. Kampelman,
Communist Party vs. the CIO
, 26.

41
. Ian Kershaw,
Fateful Choices: Ten Decisions That Changed the World, 1940–1941
(New York: Penguin Books, 2007), 241.

  1
.
Business Week
, May 24, 1941, 15.

  2
.
Fortune
, April 1941, 48.

  3
. Walton,
Miracle of World War II
, 265.

  4
. Nelson,
Arsenal of Democracy
, 152.

  5
. Knudsen Papers: Speech to Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, August 22, 1940.

  6
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 305.

  7
. Finney,
Arsenal of Democracy
, 47–49.

  8
. Walton,
Miracle of World War II
, 216–17.

  9
. Finney,
Arsenal of Democracy
, 54–55.

10
. Wayne Broehl,
Precision Valley: The Machine Tool Companies of Springfield, Vermont
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1959), 132–33.

11
. Knudsen Papers: Memo Henry Stimson to Jesse Jones, January 25, 1941.

12
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 303.

13
. Borth,
Masters of Mass Production
, 123.

14
. James Schwartz,
Frederick V. Geier, 1893–1981
(Cincinnati: Cincinnati Museum Center, 2002),
www.libraries.uc.edu.

15
. Schwartz,
Geier
.

16
. Schwartz,
Geier
.

17
.
American Machinist
, May 14, 1941, 452d.

18
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 315.

19
. Walton,
Miracle of World War II
, 220.

20
. Schwartz,
Geier
.

21
.
American Machinist
, June 25, 1941, 622c.

22
.
Fortune
, April 1941, 36.

23
.
Fortune
, April 1941, 52.

24
. Stimson,
Diary
, May 29, 1941.

25
. Buhite and Levy,
FDR’s Fireside Chats
.

26
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 317.

27
.
Strikes in American Industry
(National Association of Manufacturers, 1942), 15.

28
. James Gaston,
Planning the American Air War
(Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1982), 44–45.

29
. Gaston,
Planning the American Air War
, 43.

30
. Gaston,
Planning the American Air War
, 43.

31
. Nelson,
Arsenal of Democracy
, 152–53.

32
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 324.

33
.
Industrial Mobilization
, Vol. 1, 115.

34
. Brinkley,
Washington Goes to War
, 68–69.

35
. Gropman,
The Big “L,”
58.

36
. Perret,
Days of Sadness
, 257–58.

37
. William Baumol, Robert Litan, and Carl Schramm,
Good Capitalism, Bad Capitalism, and the Economics of Growth and Prosperity
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007).

38
. Bruce Catton,
War Lords of Washington
(New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1948), 8–9.

  1
. Stimson,
Diary
, Dec 7, 1941; Henry Stimson and McGeorge Bundy,
On Active Service in Peace and War
(New York: Harper and Brothers, 1948), 390–91.

  2
. “Ultimate Requirements Study Estimate of Army Ground Forces,” reprinted in Charles Kirkpatrick,
An Unknown Future and a Doubtful Present: Writing the Victory Plan
(Washington, DC: Center for Military History, U.S. Army, 2010), 129.

  3
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 242.

  4
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 330.

  5
. State of the Union Address, January 6, 1942, the American Presidency Project (
www.presidency.ucsb.edu
).

  6
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 337.

  7
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 336–37.

  8
. Nelson,
Arsenal
, 121–22.

  9
. Charles Sorensen,
Forty Years with Ford
, 287; Craven and Cate,
Men and Planes
, Vol. 6, 334.

10
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 321.

11
.
Washington Post
, December 23, 1941.

12
. Perret,
Days of Sadness
, 185.

13
.
Time
, January 19, 1942, 10.

14
.
Business Week
, January 17, 1942, 18.

15
.
American Machinist
, June 25, 1941, 655d.

16
. Doris Kearns Goodwin,
No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994), 314.

17
. Fleming,
New Dealers’ War
, 98–99.

18
. Clive,
State of War
, 35–66.

19
. Knudsen Papers; letter Eleanor Roosevelt to WSK, January 13, 1942.

20
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 341.

21
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 342. For another version of events, see Catton,
War Lords of Washington
, 71.

22
. “Address of the President,” December 9, 1941 (
http://docs.fdrlibrary.marist.edu
.).

23
. Jones,
Fifty Billion Dollars
, 272.

24
. Timmons,
Jesse H. Jones
, 314.

25
. Jones,
Fifty Billion Dollars
, 273.

26
. Press Statement, January 15, 1942, quoted in Keith Eller,
Mobilizing America
, 236.

27
. Beasley,
Knudsen
, 346.

28
. Walton,
Miracle of World War II
, 551.

29
. Overy,
Why the Allies Won
, 203.

30
. Adam Tooz,
Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy
(New York: Penguin Books, 2008), 553–54.

31
. David Woodbury,
Builders for Battle: How the Pacific Naval Air Bases Were Constructed
(New York: Dutton, 1946), 55.

32
. Kaiser Papers: Pearl Harbor Dry Dock 6 (1941–42), Carton 9.

33
. Woodbury,
Builders for Battle
, 59–67.

34
. Foster,
Kaiser
, 166.

35
. Wolf,
Big Dams
, 134; Ronald Spector,
Eagle Against the Sun: The American War with Japan
(New York: Free Press, 1985), 101.

36
. Wolf,
Big Dams
, 135.

37
. James Devereux,
The Story of Wake Island
(New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1974), 42–45.

38
. Devereux,
Story of Wake Island
, 58–65.

39
. John F. Kinney,
Wake Island Pilot: A World War II Memoir
(Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 1995), 66.

40
. Spector,
Eagle Against the Sun
, 103–5.

41
. Devereux,
Story of Wake Island
, 152–53.

42
. Wolf,
Big Dams
, 142.

43
. Minutes, War Production Board, February 10, 1942, 11.

  1
. Winston Churchill,
The Second World War
. Vol. 5:
Closing the Ring
(New York: Bantam, 1962).

  2
. Michael Gannon,
Operation Drumbeat
(New York: Harper and Row, 1990).

  3
. Lane,
Ships for Victory
, 139.

  4
. Lane,
Ships for Victory
, 142.

  5
. Wolf,
Big Dams
, 105.

  6
. E.g., Kaiser Papers: telegram Clay Bedford to Carl Lynge, Office of Production Management, December 24, 1941.

  7
. Carlo D’Este interview, February 25, 2011.

  8
. Cooke,
The American Home Front
, 161.