From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776 (186 page)

Wilson Plan,
388

Windward Passage,
388

Winthrop, John,
4
,
16
,
206
,
440
,
864

Wisconsin School,
334

Wise Men,
612
–13,
754
,
963

Witte, Sergei,
361

Wolcott, Oliver,
84
,
89

Wolfowitz, Paul,
830
,
922
,
939
,
943
–44,
945
,
953

Women's International League for Peace and Freedom,
452
,
506

Women's Patriotic League,
318

Women's Peace Party,
396
–97

Wood, Leonard,
325

Woodward, Bob,
802
,
901

World Bank,
580
,
902

World Court,
451
,
504
–5

World Economic Conference,
494
–95

World Health Organization (WHO),
937

World Peace Foundation,
357

World Trade Center,
940

World Trade Organization,
926

World War Foreign Debts Commission,
457
–58

World War I: casualties,
437

economic impact,
375
,
503

impact on Russia,
548

and isolationism,
6

and Liberia,
375

and U.S. global power,
2

and U.S. intervention,
410
–27

and U.S. neutrality,
398
–410.
See also specific countries and events

World War II,
540

and alliance diplomacy,
546
–55

conclusion of,
579
–93

impact of,
595
–96

and isolationism,
6

and the Marshall Plan,
617
–21,
622
,
632
,
634
,
719

Pacific theater,
579

scope of wartime activities,
555
–78

and South Africa,
627

and U.S. global power,
2
–3,
483
,
594

and U.S. intervention,
538
–39,
539
–46

and U.S. neutrality,
517
–36,
536
–37.
See also specific countries and events

Wright, Jim,
892
–93

Wyandot Indians,
43

XYZ Affair,
85
–86,
118

Yalta Conference,
569
,
584
–86,
587
,
589

Yancey, William Lowndes,
234

Yardley, Herbert,
455

yellow fever,
106
,
369

Yellowstone River,
151

Yeltsin, Boris,
913

Yemen,
713
–14

Yom Kippur War,
804
–6

Yorktown,
26
–27,
28

Yoshida Shigeru,
745

Yosuke Matsuoka,
491

Young, Andrew,
833
,
842
,
843

Young, Owen D.,
443
,
459
,
466
,
481

Young Plan,
481

Yüan Shih-k'ai,
384
,
468

Yucatán, Mexico,
217

Yugoslavia: and the Cold War,
601
,
614
,
617
,
646
,
756

and the neutralist movement,
652

and the Paris Peace Conference,
422

and postwar settlements,
583
,
597

and the Soviet Union,
658
,
670

and trade barriers,
462
–63

and World War I,
425
.
See also
Balkans

former Yugoslavia

zaibatsu,
633
–34

Zaire,
824
,
844
,
883

Zakaria, Fareed,
961
,
963

Zapata, Emiliano,
394
,
395

Zelaya, José Santos,
374

Zemurray, "Sam the Banana Man,"
373
–74

Zhdanov, Andrei,
622

Zhou En-lai,
577
,
631
,
662
,
664
,
777
,
778
,
792
,
804

Zieger, Robert,
408

Zimmermann Telegram,
409

Zionism,
562
,
567
,
568
,
569
,
629

1
. Quoted in Burton Ira Kaufman,
Washington's Farewell Address: The View from the Twentieth Century
(Chicago, 1969), 170.

2
. The phrase was coined by
Washington Post
columnist Charles Krauthammer.

3
. Geoffrey Perrett,
A Country Made by War
(New York, 1989), 558–59, 562.

4
. Michael H. Hunt,
Ideology and U.S. Foreign Policy
(New Haven, Conn., 1987), 19–45.

5
. David Healy,
U.S. Expansionism: The Imperialist Urge in the 1890s
(Madison, Wisc., 1970), 39.

6
. Felix Gilbert,
The Beginnings of American Foreign Policy: To the Farewell Address
(New York, 1965), 44–75.

7
. Quoted in Peter S. Onuf and Nicholas Onuf,
Federal Union, Modern World: The Law of Nations in an Age of Revolution
(Madison, Wisc., 1993), 139.

8
. Quoted in Gilbert,
American Foreign Policy,
72.

9
. Richard Van Alstyne,
Empire and Independence: The International History of the American Revolution
(New York, 1965), 4.

10
. Ronald Reagan,
An American Life
(New York, 1990), 296.

11
. Adams's July 4, 1821, speech may be found at
www.fff.org/freedom/1001e.asp
.

12
. Second inaugural address, January 20, 2005,
www.whitehouse.gov/inaugural
.

13
. Hunt,
Ideology,
46–91.

14
. Quoted in William M. LeoGrande,
Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1959–1980
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 1998), 551.

15
. Quoted in Steven Walt,
Taming American Power: The Global Response to American Primacy
(New York, 2005), 39.

16
. Fredrik Logevall,
Choosing War: The Lost Chance for Peace in Vietnam
(Berkeley, Calif., 1999), 384. See also Logevall, "A Critique of Containment,"
Diplomatic History
28 (September 2004), 488.

17
. Melvin Small,
Democracy and Diplomacy: The Impact of Domestic Politics on Foreign Policy
(Baltimore, Md., 1996), xi.

18
. D. W. Brogan,
The American Character
(New York, 1956), 207–8.

19
. Steven Walt, "Taming American Power,"
Foreign Affairs
(September/October 2005), 105–20, and
Taming American Power,
109–79

1
. Thomas P. Slaughter, ed.,
Common Sense and Related Writings
(Boston, 2001), 89, 90, 93.

2
. Ibid., 113; Felix Gilbert,
The Beginnings of American Foreign Policy: To the Farewell Address
(New York, 1965), 37–43. See also David W. Fitzsimons, "Thomas Paine's New World Order: Idealistic Internationalism in the Ideology of Early American Foreign Policy,"
Diplomatic History
19 (Fall 1995), 574–78.

3
. Max Savelle,
The Origins of American Diplomacy: The International History of Anglo-America
(New York, 1967), 540–44.

4
. Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert, eds.,
Peace and the Peacemakers: The Treaty of 1783
(Charlottesville, Va., 1986), ix–xii.

5
. Paul Kennedy,
The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers
(New York, 1987), 73.

6
. Fred Anderson,
The War That Made America
(New York, 2005).

7
. Ibid., xxiii, 228.

8
. Jack N. Rakove,
The Beginnings of National Politics: An Interpretive History of the Continental Congress
(New York, 1997), 93.

9
. Peter S. Onuf, "The Declaration of Independence for Diplomatic Historians,"
Diplomatic History
22 (Winter 1998), 71.

10
. William Earl Weeks,
Building the Continental Empire: American Expansion from the Revolution to the Civil War
(Chicago, 1996), 10–11.

11
. Gilbert,
Beginnings,
32–43. The Paine quote is from p. 43.

12
. Fitzsimons, "Paine's New World Order," 576.

13
. Peter S. Onuf,
Jefferson's Empire: The Language of American Nationhood
(Charlottesville, Va., 2000), 2, 25, 57; Gilbert,
Beginnings,
55.

14
. Gilbert,
Beginnings,
56.

15
. Orville T. Murphy, "The View from Versailles: Charles Gravier Comte de Vergennes's Perceptions of the American Revolution," in Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert, eds.,
Diplomacy and Revolution: The Franco-American Alliance of 1778
(Charlottesville, Va., 1981), 110.

16
. William Howard Adams,
The Paris Years of Thomas Jefferson
(New Haven, Conn., 1997), 185; Murphy, "View from Versailles," 110.

17
. Richard W. Van Alstyne,
Empire and Independence: The International History of the American Revolution
(New York, 1965), 104–5.

18
. Ibid., 100; Jonathan R. Dull,
A Diplomatic History of the American Revolution
(New Haven, Conn., 1997), 185.

19
. Rakove,
Beginnings,
249.

20
. Gordon S. Wood,
The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin
(New York, 2004), 177.

21
. Ibid., 180.

22
. Stacy Schiff,
A Great Improvisation: Franklin, France, and the Birth of America
(New York, 2005), 68.

23
. Ibid., 110–11.

24
. Dull,
Diplomatic History
, 89–96, and Van Alstyne,
Empire and Independence,
131–33, give less significance to Saratoga in the origins of the alliance.

25
. Van Alstyne,
Empire and Independence,
163.

26
. Murphy, "View from Versailles," 133.

27
. William C. Stinchcombe, "Americans Celebrate the Birth of the Dauphin," in Hoffman and Albert,
Diplomacy and Revolution,
44–47.

28
. Wood,
Franklin,
191.

29
. Alexander DeConde, "The French Alliance in Historical Speculation," in Hoffman and Albert,
Diplomacy and Revolution,
18.

30
. Ibid., 17–18; Dull,
Diplomatic History,
163.

31
. Murphy, "View from Versailles," 144; Dull,
Diplomatic History,
107.

32
. James M. Merrell, "Declarations of Independence: Indian-White Relations in the New Nation," in Jack P. Greene, ed.,
The American Revolution: Its Character and Limits
(New York, 1987), 198–99.

33
. Ibid., 198.

34
. Barbara Graymont,
The Iroquois in the American Revolution
(Syracuse, N.Y., 1972), 220.

35
. Theda Perdue,
The Cherokee
(New York, 1989), 35–36; Allen R. Millett and Peter Maslowski,
For the Common Defense: A Military History of the United States of America
(New York, 1984), 74.

36
. Rakove,
Beginnings,
179.

37
. Ibid., 190.

38
. Dull,
Diplomatic History,
120.

39
. Gregg L. Lint, "Preparing for Peace: The Objectives of the United States, France, and Spain in the War of the American Revolution," in Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert, eds.,
Peacemakers
:
The Treaty of 1783
(Charlottesville, Va., 1986), 32–33.

40
. Ibid., 33–35.

41
. Richard B. Morris,
The Forging of the Union
,
1781–1789
(New York, 1987), 140.

42
. Edmund S. Morgan,
Benjamin Franklin
(New Haven, Conn., 2002), 275–76.