Gallipoli (107 page)

70.
Cicognani, Diary, 1 November 1914–September 1915, ML MSS 1238, p. 39,
http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au
.

71.
Bean,
Gallipoli Correspondent
, p. 117.

72.
For further reading, see Fahrettin, ‘Fahrettin Altay', in Martı,
Çanakkale Hatiraları
(
Çanakkale Memoirs
), Vol. II, p. 29.

73.
Herbert,
Mons, Anzac and Kut
, p. 119 (reported speech changed to direct speech).

74.
The correct spelling for this saying in Modern Turkish is ‘
Uğurlar ola. Güle güle gideceksiniz, güle güle geleceksiniz
.'

75.
Herbert, p. 119.

76.
Ashmead-Bartlett,
The Uncensored Dardanelles
, p. 110,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

77.
Howard, Michael, ‘Churchill and the First World War', in Blake and Louis,
Churchill
, p. 138.

78.
James, Lawrence,
Churchill and Empire
, p. 115.

79.
Ibid.

80.
Thomas,
Raiders of the Deep
, p. 64.

81.
No record of this, but it is the standard instruction in such cases.

82.
No record of this, but it is the standard instruction in such cases.

83.
Czech-Jochberg,
Die Verantwortlichen im Weltkrieg
(
The Responsible Ones in a World War
), p. 96.

84.
Thomas, p. 64.

85.
Ibid.

86.
Birdwood,
Khaki and Gown
, p. 267.

87.
Thomas, p. 64.

88.
Moorehead,
Gallipoli
, p. 176.

89.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 247,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

90.
Fenwick,
Gallipoli Diary
, p. 20.

91.
The West Australian
, ‘Invented in the Trenches', 12 August 1915, p. 8,
http://trove.nla.gov.au
.

92.
Seal, Graham,
Great Anzac Stories
, p. 39.

93.
Broadbent,
The Boys Who Came Home
, p. 87.

94.
Birdwood,
Khaki and Gown
, p. 270 (reported speech changed to direct speech).

95.
Ibid. (reported speech changed to direct speech).

96.
For further reading, see Bull,
Battle Tactics
.

97.
John Cargill, Track 7, Sailah,
Stories from Gallipoli
, ABC Audio.

98.
Cameron,
Sorry, Lads, But the Order Is to Go
, p. 156.

99.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 168,
https://archive.org
.

100.
Ibid.

101.
Monash, John to Hannah Monash, 24 May 1915, Sir Monash Papers, SLV, MS 13875, Box 4083/1, p. 67.

102.
Ibid.

103.
McLarty, Letter, 11 August 1915, AWM 3DRL/3339, p. 2.

104.
Ashmead-Bartlett,
The Uncensored Dardanelles
, p. 114,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

105.
Ibid.

106.
Ibid., p. 118.

107.
Keyes,
The Keyes Papers
, p. 147.

108.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 263,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

109.
Birdwood,
In My Time
, p. 34.

110.
Carter, Diary, 1 June 1915, AWM 3DRL/6418, p. 152.

111.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 208.

112.
Ibid., p. 210.

113.
Ibid., p. 211.

114.
Monash,
War Letters of General Monash
, pp. 41–2.

115.
The Courier-Mail
(Brisbane), 16 November 1934, p. 16.

116.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 168,
https://archive.org
.

117.
Ibid., pp. 166–7.

118.
Ibid., p. 147.

CHAPTER FOURTEEN: SUMMER SETS IN

1.
Kinloch,
Echoes of Gallipoli
, p. 161.

2.
Kent,
Trench and Troopship
, p. 52.

3.
James, Robert R.,
Gallipoli
, p. 222.

4.
McAnulty, Diary, 14 June 1915, AWM 1DRL/0422, p. 8.

5.
McLarty, Letter, 7 July 1915, AWM 3DRL/3339, p. 1.

6.
Butler, Arthur G.,
Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services, 1914–1918
, p. 238.

7.
Idriess,
The Desert Column
, p. 55.

8.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 386,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

9.
McLarty, Letter, 7 July 1915, AWM 3DRL/3339, p. 1.

10.
Flockart to his Mother, Letter, 27 May 1915, AWM 1DRL/0296, p. 2.

11.
McCarthy,
Gallipoli to the Somme
, p. 184.

12.
Fullerton, Diary, undated, AWM 1DRL/0302, p. 1.

13.
Jack Nicholson, Track 4, Sailah,
Stories from Gallipoli
, ABC Audio.

14.
Örnek and Toker,
Gallipoli
, p. 52.

15.
Flockart, Letter, 28 May 1915, AWM 1DRL/0296, pp. 2–3.

16.
Caulfield,
The Unknown Anzacs
, p. 155.

17.
Kent, p. 70.

18.
Hoddinott, Typed Manuscript, AWM MSS0791, p. 39.

19.
Seal, G.,
Inventing Anzac
, p. 28.

20.
Edwards, Diary, 13 July 1915, AWM PR/192, p. 34.

21.
Tiddy, Diary, 10 August 1915, AWM PR86/272, p. 18.

22.
John Monash to Hannah Monash, 18 July 1915, Sir Monash Papers, SLV, MS 13875, Box 4083/1.

23.
The West Australian
, ‘The Australians at Gallipoli', 13 July 1915, p. 8,
http://trove.nla.gov.au
.

24.
McLarty, Letter, 11 August 1915, AWM 3DRL/3339, p. 1.

25.
Gallipoli Slang,
http://user.online.be/~snelders/slang.html
.

26.
Ekins,
War Wounds
, p. 53.

27.
Churchill, Winston,
The World Crisis
, Vol. II, p. 390.

28.
‘The Final Report of the Dardanelles Commission', p. 26.

29.
Dardanelles Committee Meeting, 25 June 1915, NA CAB 42/3/5.

30.
‘The Mounted Soldiers of Australia', from the TV series
Australians at War
,
www.lighthorse.org.au
.

31.
The Sunday Times
(Perth), 26 December 1915, p. 20.

32.
Hamilton, John,
The Price of Valour
, p. 140.

33.
Ashmead-Bartlett,
The Uncensored Dardanelles
, p. 122,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

34.
Ashmead-Bartlett, Diary, ML A1583, pp. 93–94,
http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au
.

35.
Ibid., p. 94.

36.
Ashmead-Bartlett,
The Uncensored Dardanelles
, p. 123,
http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au
.

37.
Ibid., p. 124.

38.
Ibid., p. 21.

39.
Ibid., p. 125.

40.
Ibid.

41.
Ibid.

42.
Ibid., ‘Memorandum on Gallipoli', p. 128.

43.
Ibid, ‘Memorandum on Gallipoli'.

44.
Ibid., ‘Memorandum on Gallipoli', p. 129.

45.
Ibid.

46.
Ibid., p. 130.

47.
Ibid. Kitchener is referring here to Hill 971, the highest peak of the Sari Bair Range.

48.
Ibid., p. 131.

49.
Ibid.

50.
Ibid.

51.
Ibid.

52.
Ibid.

53.
Tehlirian, Trial Transcripts, 16 April 1921, 3rd State Court, Criminal Department, Berlin,
www.cilicia.com/armo_tehlirian.html
.

54.
Fenwick,
Gallipoli Diary
, p. 85.

55.
Bean,
Bean's Gallipoli
, p. 161.

56.
Kent, p. 52.

57.
Daily Mail
, 7 August 1915, p. 10.

58.
In his diaries, Bean regularly alternates between calling his brother – Captain John Willoughby Butler Bean – Jack and Jock. He actually calls his brother Jock in this instance, but for ease of narrative I have used Jack throughout.

59.
McCarthy, p. 156.

60.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 146,
https://archive.org
.

61.
Tiddy, Diary, 6 June 1915, AWM PR86/272, p. 11.

62.
Birdwood,
Khaki and Gown
, pp. 262–3.

63.
Alexander Hay Borthwick, Letter, 27 June 1915, AWM PR01729, p. 1.

64.
Hogue, Letters relating to Oliver ‘Trooper Bluegum' Hogue, 24 July 1915, AWM RCDIG 0000997, p. 18.

65.
Paşa, Mustafa Kemal, ‘Anafartalar Hatiraları (Anafarta Memoirs)', in Martı,
Çanakkale Hatiraları
(
Çanakkale Memoirs
), Vol. I, p. 43.

66.
Ibid., p. 47.

67.
Ibid., p. 48. Turkish historians have dubbed this now famous conversation ‘The Sazlıdere Discussion'.

68.
Birdwood,
Khaki and Gown
, p. 268.

69.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 330,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

70.
Ibid.

71.
King, Lydia K., Diary, 20 June 1915, AWM 3DRL/6040, p. 25.

72.
Kitson,
Patriots Three
,
www.abc.net.au/radionational
.

73.
Murdoch's instructions from Australian Acting Secretary of Defence Thomas Trumble, 2 July 1915, Appendix to Hamilton, Ian, Memorandum on Murdoch Letter, 26 November 1915, NA CAB 42/5/23, p. 12.

74.
Murdoch, Letter to Andrew Fisher, 21 June 1915, NLA, MS 2823, Series 2, Folder 1, Box 2, p. 3.

75.
Bean,
Gallipoli Correspondent
, p. 138.

76.
Bean, War Diary, 25 June 1915, AWM 3DRL606/9/1, p. 20.

77.
World War I propaganda leaflets and papers dropped from aircraft over Gallipoli and Palestine, 1917, ML, Strongroom, SAFE 1/213.

78.
Herbert Gordon Carter to Mr and Mrs H. J. Carter, Letter, 26 June 1915, AWM 1DRL/192.

79.
Atatürk,
Atatürk'ün Bütün Eserleri
(
Collected Works of Atatürk
), p. 390.

80.
Hart, ‘Gallipoli: The War at Sea – An Overview', p. 202,
http://archive.iwm.org.uk
.

81.
Ibid.

82.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 316.

83.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 234,
https://archive.org
.

84.
Ibid.

CHAPTER FIFTEEN: THE BATTLE IS NIGH

1.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 5,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

2.
Bean,
Gallipoli Correspondent
, p. 169 (Diary, 17 October 1915).

3.
Ibid., p. 329.

4.
Ibid., p. 330.

5.
See Aspinall-Oglander,
History of the Great War, Military Operations Gallipoli
, p. 142.

6.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, p. 339.

7.
Kinloch,
Echoes of Gallipoli
, p. 188.

8.
At the formation of the AIF, the Brigade Commanders were graded as Colonels. On 1 July 1915, they were regraded as Brigadier-Generals in order to align their ranks with that of their British counterparts. This new seniority was then backdated to the point at which they took command of the brigade. Brigadier-General was a temporary rank, and only lasted as long as the officer was serving in that capacity. I have chosen to use ‘Colonel' up until 1 July, after which I refer to these officers (Monash, MacLagan, Johnston, etc.) as ‘Brigadier-General'.

9.
Hart, ‘Gallipoli: The War at Sea – An Overview', p. 346.

10.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 607.

11.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 331,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

12.
Ibid.

13.
Ibid., Vol. II, pp. 16–17.

14.
Birdwood,
Khaki and Gown
, p. 268.

15.
Stanley,
Bad Characters
, pp. 49–50.

16.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 427.

17.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. II, p. 37,
https://openlibrary.org/books
. Bean has this telegram as: ‘Australians are superbly dug in and spoiling for a fight.' (Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 429.)