Gallipoli (105 page)

13.
Ibid.

14.
Eşref, R., ‘Anafarta Kumandanı Mustafa Kemal ile Mülakat (Interview with Mustafa Kemal, Commander of the Anafarta Group)', in Martı, Vol. III, p. 28.

15.
This order was found on the body of a dead Turkish soldier (Mango,
Atatürk
, pp. 146–7).

16.
Dolan,
Gallipoli Air War
, p. 113.

17.
McCarthy,
Gallipoli to the Somme
, p. 117.

18.
Bean,
Two Men I Knew
, p. 60.

19.
Ibid., p. 61.

20.
McCarthy, p. 118.

21.
Derham,
The Silence Ruse
, p. 9.

22.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, p. 393.

23.
Ibid., p. 314.

24.
Due to extremely effective Turkish fire, no Allied troops or equipment were landed between 12 pm and 4.30 pm.

25.
Reynolds, Diary, 25 April 1915, AWM RCDIG0001013, p. 54.

26.
Cameron,
Shadows of Anzac
, p. 16.

27.
Carter, Diary, 25 April 1915, AWM 3DRL/6418, p. 115.

28.
Herbert Gordon Carter to Mr and Mrs H. J. Carter, Letter, 30 April 1915, AWM 1DRL/192, p. 17.

29.
Ibid.

30.
Carter, Diary, 25 April 1915, AWM 3DRL/6418, p. 116.

31.
King, Lydia K., Diary, 25–26 April 1915, AWM 3DRL/6040, p. 19.

32.
Beevor, Diary, April 1915, AWM MSS0761, p. 19.

33.
Ibid., pp. 20–1.

34.
Williams,
The Battle of Anzac Ridge
, p. 111.

35.
Fenwick, p. 8.

36.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, p. 568.

37.
Silas, Diary, 25 April 1915, pp. 33–4, ML MSS 1840,
http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au
.

38.
Ibid., p. 35.

39.
Ibid., p. 36.

40.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, p. 464.

41.
Cavalier, Ronald, Letter, 25 April 1915, AWM PR86/287, p. 2.

42.
4th Battery Australian Field Artillery War Diary, 25 April 1915, AWM RCDIG1018662, Item 13/66/7, p. 4.

43.
Kemalyeri, M., ‘
Çanakkale Ruhu Nasıl Doğdu
(How the Spirit of Çanakkale was Born)', in Martı, Vol. III, pp. 308–9.

44.
Cameron,
Shadows of Anzac
, p. 88.

45.
Bean,
Bean's Gallipoli
, p. 87. As luck would have it, the bullet lodged in his backside.

46.
3rd Infantry Battalion War Diary, 25 April 1915, AWM4 23/20/2, pp. 2–3.

47.
Bean, War Diary, 1 January 1915, AWM38, 3DRL606/25/1, p. 46.

48.
Stoker,
Straws in the Wind
, pp. 119–20.

49.
Ibid., p. 119.

50.
Ibid., p. 120.

51.
Ashmead-Bartlett,
The Uncensored Dardanelles
, p. 48,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

52.
Ibid., p. 49.

53.
Ibid., pp. 49–50.

54.
These figures are rough estimates and vary according to different sources. According to Peter Williams, Turkish casualties on the Anzac front were 4000 on the first day. Combined with the casualties at Cape Helles, Williams estimates 6000 Turkish casualties (Williams, p. 146).

55.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 143,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

56.
Ashmead-Bartlett,
The Uncensored Dardanelles
, p. 50,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

57.
Ibid.

58.
Aker, S., ‘
Çanakkale-Arıburnu Savaşları ve 27. Alay
(Çanakkale-Arıburnu Battles and the 27th Regiment)', in Martı, Vol. I, p. 202.

59.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 142,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

60.
Ibid.

61.
Ibid., p. 143.

62.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, p. 460.

63.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 144,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

64.
Keyes,
The Keyes Papers
, p. 128.

65.
Brodie,
Forlorn Hope 1915
, p. 71,
http://books.google.com.au
.

66.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 144,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

67.
Frame,
The Shores of Gallipoli
, p. 110.

CHAPTER ELEVEN: 'ANGIN' ON, LIKE CATS TO A CURTAIN

1.
Cavill,
Imperishable Anzacs
, p. 93.

2.
King, Jonathan,
Gallipoli Diaries
, 2008, p. 62.

3.
Hill, William John Rusden, Letter from the Front, 29 August 1915, ML DOC 2480, p. 3.

4.
Aitken, James Murray, Diary, 29 April 1915, AWM 1DRL/0013, p. 20.

5.
Fahrettin, ‘Fahrettin Altay', in Martı,
Çanakkale Hatiraları
(
Çanakkale Memoirs
), Vol. II, p. 22.

6.
Bean, War Diary, 25 April 1915, AWM38, 3DRL606/5/1, p. 37.

7.
Ibid., p. 38.

8.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 145,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

9.
Ibid.

10.
Silas, Diary, 26 April 1915, ML MSS 1840, p. 37,
http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au
.

11.
Ibid.

12.
Caulfield,
The Unknown Anzacs
, p. 74.

13.
Carter, Diary, 26 April 1915, AWM 3DRL/6418, p. 117.

14.
Carter, Herbert Gordon to Mr and Mrs H. J. Carter, Letter, 1 May 1915, AWM 1DRL/192, p. 20.

15.
Ibid.

16.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 146,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

17.
Ibid.

18.
Ibid., p. 148.

19.
Carlyon,
Gallipoli
, p. 222.

20.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, p. 511.

21.
Ibid., p. 515.

22.
Ibid., p. 516.

23.
Ibid., p. 524.

24.
Barwick, Diary, undated, ML MSS 1493/1/Box 1/Item 1, p. 110,
http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au
.

25.
Ibid., pp. 110–11.

26.
Ibid., pp. 111–12.

27.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, p. 520.

28.
Ibid., p. 521.

29.
Hogue, Letters relating to Oliver ‘Trooper Bluegum' Hogue, 1915–1927, undated, AWM RCDIG 0000997, p. 3.

30.
House of Representatives,
Official Hansard
, No. 17, Thursday 29 April 1915, p. 2724.

31.
Ibid., Friday 30 April 1915, p. 2814.

32.
Ibid.

33.
Dülger,
AE2 Denizalti Gemisini Nasil Batirdim
(
How I Sunk the AE2 Submarine
), p. 19.

34.
Stoker,
Straws in the Wind
, p. 137.

35.
Knaggs, Diary, 30 April 1915, AWM PR85/096, p. 8 (reported speech changed to direct speech).

36.
Ibid (reported speech changed to direct speech).

37.
Ibid (reported speech changed to direct speech).

38.
Stoker, p. 137.

39.
The AE2 Commemorative Foundation website,
http://ae2.org.au
.

40.
Tenses changed, from Stoker's account of his thoughts at the time.

41.
Stoker, p. 138 (reported speech changed to direct speech).

42.
Knaggs, Diary, 30 April 1915, AWM PR85/096, p. 8 (reported speech changed to direct speech).

43.
Dülger, p. 44.

44.
The final words of Lieutenant Geoffrey Haggard RN as he opened the vents to flood
AE2
's ballast tanks were provided by subject-matter expert Hugh Dolan. Haggard recalled these words to his daughter years after this event.

45.
Dülger, p. 45.

46.
Ibid., p. 46.

47.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, p. 532.

48.
Ibid., p. 539.

49.
For further reading, see Mango,
Atatürk
.

50.
Eşref, R., ‘
Anafarta Kumandanı Mustafa Kemal ile Mülakat
(Interview with Mustafa Kemal, Commander of the Anafarta Group)', in Martı, Vol. III, pp. 33–4.

51.
Ibid., p. 37.

52.
Ibid., p. 36.

53.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, p. 599.

54.
Hogue,
Trooper Bluegum at the Dardanelles
, p. 74,
https://archive.org
.

55.
Ibid., pp. 76–7.

56.
Ibid., p. 77.

57.
Ibid., p. 79.

58.
Ibid., p. 81.

59.
McCarthy,
Gallipoli to the Somme
, p. 196.

60.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. I, p. 273.

61.
Monash, John to Hannah Monash, 18 July 1915, Sir Monash Papers, SLV, MS 13875, Box 4083/1, p. 99.

62.
Silas, Diary, 2 May 1915, ML MSS 1840, p. 47,
http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au
.

63.
Ibid., p. 48.

64.
Ibid., p. 49.

65.
Ibid.

66.
Ibid.

67.
Ibid., p. 50.

68.
Ibid.

69.
The Australian National Review
, 1 August 1937, Vol. 2, No. 8, p. 93.

70.
Simpson, John (aka John Simpson Kirkpatrick), Service Record, NAA B2455, p. 74.

71.
It is likely that Simpson had more than one donkey.

72.
Walsh, ‘Kirkpatrick, John Simpson (1892–1915)',
http://adb.anu.edu.au
.

73.
Cochrane,
Simpson and the Donkey
, p. 71.

74.
Silas, Diary, 2 May 1915, ML MSS 1840, p. 50,
http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au
.

75.
Harvard Citation of song's source: Latimer, Harrison (vocalist) and Francis, W. W. (composer), ‘Australia Will Be There: Australia's War Song', Regal, United Kingdom, 1915,
http://trove.nla.gov.au
, seen in Hamilton, John,
Goodbye Cobber, God Bless You
, p. 55.

76.
‘Anaesthesia and the Wounded at ANZAC, Gallipoli, WWI', in Cooper, et al., ‘Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on the History of Anaesthesia'.

77.
Carter, Diary, 2 May 1915, AWM 3DRL/6418, p. 122.

78.
King, Lydia K., Diary, between 29 April and 5 May 1915, AWM 3DRL/6040, p. 21.

79.
McCarthy, p. 131.

80.
Ibid.

81.
Bean, War Diary, 3 May 1915, AWM38, 3DRL606/7/1, p. 3.

82.
Ashmead-Bartlett,
The Uncensored Dardanelles
, p. 84,
https://openlibrary.org/books
(reported speech changed to direct speech).

83.
Ibid. (reported speech changed to direct speech).

84.
Ibid. (reported speech changed to direct speech).

85.
Aspinall-Oglander,
Military Operations
, Vol. I, p. 335.

CHAPTER TWELVE: ANZACS TO THE FORE

1.
The West Australian
, ‘The Australians at Gallipoli', 13 July 1915, p. 8,
http://trove.nla.gov.au
.

2.
The Sydney Morning Herald
, ‘Mr Ashmead Bartlett's Story', 8 May 1915, p. 13,
http://trove.nla.gov.au
.

3.
Ibid., p. 12.

4.
Kalgoorlie Miner
, 7 September 1915, p. 6.

5.
Paterson,
Song of the Pen
, p. 371.

6.
McAnulty, Diary, 8 June 1915, AWM 1DRL/0422, p. 6.

7.
Ibid., p. 2.

8.
McLarty, Letter, 11 August 1915, AWM 3DRL/3339, p. 2.

9.
Malone,
No Better Death
, p. 181.

10.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 19 (reported speech changed to direct speech).

11.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 211,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

12.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 4.

13.
Bean, War Diary, 5 May 1915, AWM38, 3DRL606/7/1, p. 25.

14.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 22.

15.
Ibid., p. 23.

16.
Malone, 8 May 1915, p. 182.

17.
Ibid., p. 183.

18.
Hamilton, Ian,
Gallipoli Diary
, Vol. I, p. 211,
https://openlibrary.org/books
.

19.
Bean,
Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918
, Vol. II, p. 31.