God's Jury: The Inquisition and the Making of the Modern World (42 page)

171.
[>]
   
what would come to be called Modernism:
A useful introduction to the controversy and some of its participants can be found in Ratté,
Three Modernists
.
[>]
made the sign of the cross over his grave:
Kerr,
Twentieth-Century Catholic Theologians,
pp. 2–5.
[>]
   
hurled the word “anathema”:
Pius X, “
Pascendi Dominici Gregis
: On the Doctrine of the Modernists,” September 8, 1907.
http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Pius10/p10pasce.htm
.
[>]
   
“lengthy and ferocious”:
Duffy,
Saints and Sinners,
pp. 328–329.

172.    
“There is a twofold and serious difficulty”:
King,
Spirit of Fire,
p. 106.

173.    
“never
say
or write anything against”:
King,
Spirit of Fire
, p. 107.
[>]
   
“I weighed up the enormous scandal”:
King,
Spirit of Fire,
p. 108.
[>]
   
“in order to be free of it”:
Robert Nugent, “From Silence to Vindication: Teilhard de Chardin and the Holy Office,”
Commonweal,
October 25, 2002.
[>]
“burned at the stake”:
Aczel,
The Jesuit and the Skull,
p. 211.
[>]
   
“you may count on me”:
Aczel,
The Jesuit and the Skull,
p. 205.

174.
[>]
   
a stern and public condemnation:
“Monitum,”
L’Osservatore Romano,
July 1, 1962, translation provided by the conservative Catholic organization Tradition in Action.
http://www.traditioninaction.org/ProgressivistDoc/A_121_teilhardCondemned.html
.
[>]
   
Pope Benedict made a positive reference:
John L. Allen, Jr., “An Evolutionary Leap for Teilhard?”
National Catholic Reporter,
August 7, 2009.
[>]
   
in order to escape a libel action:
Andrew Johnson, “Shirley Temple Scandal Was Real Reason Greene Fled to Mexico,”
The Independent,
November 18, 2007.
[>]
   
The documents in the case:
The details of the case of Graham Greene and the quotations from documents in the archives are drawn from Peter Godman, “Graham Greene’s Vatican Dossier,”
Atlantic Monthly,
July/August 2001.

175.
[>]
   
personal collection of more than 120,000 volumes:
“The De Luca Collection,” Vatican Library, March 17, 2009.

177.
[>]
   
still kept books on the Index in a locked cage:
Pascal de Caprariis, “The Cage” (letter to the editor),
Boston College Magazine,
Winter 2011.

177.
[>]
   
by the pseudonymous Xavier Rynne:
Rynne’s reporting was eventually collected and published in the single volume
Vatican Council II
.

178.
[>]
   
“No one should be judged and condemned”:
Allen,
Cardinal Ratzinger,
pp. 64–65.
[>]
   
“prejudged every question” . . . signed his name:
Gibson,
The Rule of Benedict,
pp. 184–185.
[>]
   
“soon had the effect on Ratzinger”:
Garry Wills, “A Tale of Two Cardinals,”
New York Review of Books,
April 26, 2001.

179.
[>]
   
his right to teach as a Catholic theologian:
Victor L. Simpson, “Theologian Stripped of Teaching Post,” Associated Press, December 18, 1979.
[>]
   
neither “suitable nor eligible”:
Merrill McLoughlin, “The Pope Gets Tough,”
U.S
.
News & World Report,
November 17, 1986; “Catholic U. Is Upheld in Firing Priest,” Associated Press, March 1, 1989.

179.
[>]
   
“in disagreement with the teaching of the Church”:
Gibson,
The Rule of Benedict,
p. 197.
[>]
   
Dominican priest . . . was silenced for a year:
“Rebel Priest Sentenced to Year of Silence,”
Los Angeles Times,
October 19, 1988; “Vatican Expels Factious Priest From Dominicans,”
Los Angeles Times,
March 6, 1993.
[>]
   
took the extreme step of excommunicating a Sri Lankan priest:
Celestine Bohlen, “Excommunicated Priest Is Reunited with Vatican,”
New York Times,
March 5, 1998.
[>]
   
the litany of names goes on:
Many of the cases from the 1980s and 1990s are discussed in Collins,
From Inquisition to Freedom,
and Reese,
Inside the Vatican;
some of them, and others as late as 2005, are taken up in Gibson,
The Rule of Benedict.
[>]
   
putting Catholic universities on a tighter leash:
Reese,
Inside the Vatican,
pp. 258–259.

180.
[>]
   
compared it to what he had endured at the hands of the Nazis:
Quoted in Cahalan,
Formed in the Image of Christ,
p. 10.
[>]
   
offers this vignette from another case:
Gibson,
The Rule of Benedict,
p. 200.

181.
[>]
   
after years of confrontation:
Laurie Goodstein, “Vatican Is Said to Force Jesuit off Magazine,”
New York Times,
May 7, 2005.
[>]
referred to the procedures of the Congregation:
“Due Process in the Church,”
America
, April 9, 2001.

182.
[>]
   
Reese consulted with Cardinal Avery Dulles:
Apart from various printed sources, the account of the events surrounding the firing of Thomas Reese is drawn from an interview with Reese in February 2011, and subsequent communications.
[>]
talking with Hans King:
Cullen Murphy, “Who Do Men Say That I Am?”
Atlantic Monthly,
December 1986.
[>]
   
They met at Castel Gondolfo:
Gibson,
The Rule of Benedict,
p. 186.

6. War on Error

184.
[>]
   “
Without torture I know we shall not prevail”:
Hutchinson,
Elizabeth’s Spymaster,
p. 72.
[>]
   
“Politics is not religion”:
Camus,
The Rebel,
p. 302.

185.
[>]
   
an exasperated president of Brown University had noted:
Biographical details about Lea and the history of the Lea Library are drawn from Edward Peters, “Henry Charles Lea and the Libraries Within a Library.”
http://www.library.upenn.edu/exhibits/rbm/at250/history/ep.pdf
. See also Edward Peters, “Henry Charles Lea (1825–1909),” in Helen Damico and Joseph Zavadil, eds.,
Medieval Scholarship: Bibliographic Studies on the Formation of a Discipline,
vol. 1, History, pp. 89–100.

186.
[>]
   
he was by any standard a professional:
Bethencourt,
The Inquisition,
pp. 13–15.
[>]
   
place the study of the Inquisition on a sound historical footing:
For a concise introduction to the work of Sarpi, Limborch, and Llorente, see Bethencourt,
The Inquisition,
pp. 3–12; and Peters,
Inquisition,
pp. 269–272, 275–287.
[>]
   
which encompassed all the inquisitions:
Peters,
Inquisition,
pp. 275–276.

187.
[>]
   
John Calvin’s Genevan Consistory:
The records of the Consistory are the focus of an ambitious and ongoing scholarly publishing project. See Kingdon, ed.,
Registers of the Consistory of Geneva in the Time of Calvin
.

188.
[>]
   
harbored the suspicions of his class and time toward Roman Catholicism:
Edward Peters, “Henry Charles Lea: Jurisprudence and Civilization,” Digital Proceedings of the Lawrence J. Schoenberg Symposium on Manuscript Studies in the Digital Age (2010).
http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1024&context=ljsproceedings
.
[>]
   
“have not paused to moralize”:
Edward Peters, “Henry Charles Lea: The Historian as Reformer,”
American Quarterly,
vol. 19, no. 1 (1967), pp. 104–113.
[>]
   
“inherited a fully fledged apparatus of persecution”:
Vincent P. Carey, “Voices for Tolerance in the War on Error,” in Carey, ed.,
Voices for Tolerance in an Age of Persecution
, pp. 17–29.

189.
[>]
   
begins the book by calmly remarking an irony:
Timerman,
Prisoner Without a Name, Cell Without a Number,
pp. vii–viii.
[>]
   
“fish food . . . intensive therapy”:
Feitlowitz,
A Lexicon of Terror
, pp. 55, 59.
[>]
   
“appeared to consist of professional bureaucrats”:
Marchak,
God’s Assassins,
p. 148.
[>]
   
the immense governmental effort involved:
Marchak,
God’s Assassins,
p. 9.

190.    
The comment came from Eamon Duffy:
Quotations from Eamon Duffy, unless otherwise specified, are from a conversation with the author, February 2010.

192. 192   
The house owned by Sir Francis Walsingham:
Hutchinson,
Elizabeth’s Spymaster
, pp. 97–98.

193.
[>]
   
attempts to depose her:
Hutchinson,
Elizabeth’s Spymaster
, p. 23.

194.
[>]
   
To meet the threat. . . . “It was now treason”:
Williams,
The Later Tudors,
pp. 289–291, 411–413, 467–471.
[>]
   
an unwise pamphleteer will lose his right hand . . . deposition scene:
Williams,
The Later Tudors
, pp. 411–412.
[>]
   
some 130 Catholic priests:
Williams,
The Later Tudors,
p. 475.
[>]
   
“To the English”:
Peters,
Inquisition,
pp. 140–141.

195.    
“use not so many questions”:
Lord Burghley’s letter to Archbishop Whitgift, 1584, in Tanner,
Tudor Constitutional Documents,
p. 373.
[>]
   
Nor did his jailers employ just the rack:
Hutchinson,
Elizabeth’s Spymaster
, pp. 72–73.
[>]
   
captured vividly in the documents:
See, for instance, Landsdowne MS 97, Item 10; Harleian MS 360, fol. 65; Add. MS 48,023 fols. 110–111; Add. MS 48,029, fols. 121–141.

196.
[>]
   
Looking in a bound volume for something else:
The volume is Add. MS 63,742.
[>]
   
a brutal interrogator:
Hutchinson,
Elizabeth’s Spymaster
, p. 75.
[>]
   
left the country . . . and was ordained:
Law and Bagshaw,
A historical sketch,
p. 20 (fn 2); Purdie,
The Life of Blessed John Southworth
, p. 3.

197.
[>]
   
“Xpofer Southworth sonne to Sr John Southworth”:
Law and Bagshaw,
A historical sketch,
p. 136.
[>]
   
3,000 paid informers in Paris alone:
Cyrille Fijnaut and Gary T. Marx, “The Normalization of Undercover Policing in the West,” in Fijnaut and Marx, eds.,
Undercover,
pp. 1–28.
[>]
   
“When three people are chatting in the street”:
Stead,
The Police of Paris,
p. 49.
[>]
   
police controlled the organs of censorship:
Stead,
The Police of France,
pp. 30–31.

198.
[>]
   
France in the 1790s . . . “a revolting Inquisition”:
Stead,
The Police of France,
pp. 46–50.
[>]
   
The czars . . . Prussia created:
Reith
, The Blind Eye of History,
pp. 238–249; Clive Emsley, “Control and Legitimacy: The Police in Comparative Perspective Since circa 1800,” in Emsley, Johnson, and Spierenburg, eds.,
Social Control in Europe.
[>]
   
Putin, the security operations were rebuilt . . . “We are in power now”:
Soldatov and Borogan,
The New Nobility,
pp. 23–35, 63–73; Amy Knight, “The Concealed Battle to Run Russia,”
New York Review of Books,
January 13, 2011.

199.
[>]
   
“The chief principle of a well-regulated police state”:
Groebner,
Who Are You?,
pp. 228–229.
[>]
   
“Note-taking and record-keeping were prescribed”:
Richard E. Greenleaf, “North American Protestants and the Mexican Inquisition, 1765–1820,”
Journal of Church and State,
vol. 2, no. 2 (1966), pp. 186–199.

200.
[>]
   
“The Brazilian generals, you see, were technocrats”:
Lawrence Weschler, “A Miracle, a Universe,”
The New Yorker
, May 25 and June 1, 1987.
[>]
   
survive . . . on 17,000 cuneiform fragments:
“Ebla: The State Archives,” Italian Archaeological Mission in Syria.
http://www.ebla.it/escavi_gli_archivi_di_stato.html
.

201.
[>]
   
A portion of Adolf Hitler’s personal library:
Timothy W. Ryback, “Hitler’s Forgotten Library,”
Atlantic Monthly,
May 2003.

202.
[>]
   
why the government wants to digitize its holdings:
Lisa Rein, “Cost to Build Digital Archive of US Records Could Hit $1.4b,”
Washington Post,
February 4, 2011.

203.
[>]
   
an intellectual and a man of advanced ideas:
Scholz-Hänsel,
El Greco
, pp. 46–48.
[>]
   
lodged in the cavernous basements of a complex of villas:
Some early history of the Berlin Document Center, and an account of the debate over the transfer of control of the archives to German hands, is provided by Gerald Posner, “Secrets of the Files,”
The New Yorker
, March 14, 1994.
[>]
   
a grim assemblage of brick buildings:
An overview of the history of the complex, from which some details here are drawn, is available at
http://www.bundesarchiv.de/ bundesarchiv/dienstorte/berlin_lichterfelde/index.html.en
.