Grey Wolf: The Escape of Adolf Hitler (53 page)

    5    
“terms imposed on Germany”:
David Sinclair,
Hall of Mirrors
(London: Century, 2001).

    6    
“enviable background experience”:
James Srodes,
Allen Dulles: Master of Spies
(Washington, DC: Regency, 1999). On one occasion during Dulles’s service in Bern in World War 1, a man by the name of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov knocked on the door of his residence, requesting an audience and a visa for America. Anxious to meet a young lady at the tennis club, Dulles refused, dismissing his visitor as “not very important.” This would be a matter of acute regret to him; V. I. Ulyanov would become better known as Lenin.

    6    
“Uncle Bert” Lansing:
Ibid.

    7    
“powerful and influential conglomerates”:
Diarmuid Jeffreys,
Hell’s Cartel: IG Farben and the Making of Hitler’s War Machine
(London: Bloomsbury, 2008).

    8    
Dulles’s meeting with Martin Bormann:
Manning,
Martin Bormann
.

    8    
“enabling act”:
Michael Burleigh,
The Third Reich: A New History
(London: Macmillan, 2000).

    9    
“happy to fill the gap”:
Edwin Black,
Nazi Nexus: America’s Corporate Connections to Hitler’s Holocaust
(Washington, DC: Dialog Press, 2009).

    9    
“Order of the German Eagle”:
Agostino von Hassell and Sigrid MacRae with Simone Ameskamp,
Alliance of Enemies: The Untold Story of the Secret American and German Collaboration to End World War II
(New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2006).

    9    
Opel AG of Russelsheim:
Ibid.

  10    
“Achilles’ heel”:
Charles Higham,
Trading with the Enemy: The Nazi-American Money Plot 1933–1949
(New York: Delacorte Press, 1983).

  10    
“As Britain fought for her life”:
Glen Yeadon and John Hawkins,
The Nazi Hydra in America
(Joshua Tree, CA: Progressive Press, 2008). Yeadon and Hawkins provide (p. 92) a striking example of the duplicity of German-influenced U.S. business corporations: “An agreement between DuPont and Dynamit in 1929 controlled the production of tetrazine, a substance that greatly improved ammunition primers. When WW II began in 1939, Remington Arms (controlled by DuPont) received huge British ammunition orders. Because of a clause in the agreement with IG Farben, the British received an inferior cartridge lacking tetrazine.”

  11    
“personal representative of President Roosevelt”:
Srodes,
Allen Dulles
.

  11    
“gentlemen do not read each other’s mail”:
von Hassel et al.,
Alliance of Enemies
.

  11    
“Japanese diplomatic cipher”:
For a fuller account of the interservice rivalry that bedeviled U.S. code-breaking before World War II, see Thomas Parrish,
The Ultra Americans: The U.S. Role in Breaking the Nazi Codes
(New York: Stein and Day, 1986). Purple was the Japanese equivalent of the German Enigma encoding machine, and the decrypted intelligence provided was code-named “Magic.” American cryptanalysts broke the Japanese diplomatic code some fifteen months before Pearl Harbor, but the failure in liaison between the various services and governmental agencies meant that the warnings of Japanese military intentions were either ignored or discounted in the days leading up to December 7, 1941—“a date which will live in infamy.” Fortunately, the Japanese continued to use Purple and much vital intelligence concerning Nazi war plans was gleaned from intercepting the cables of the Japanese ambassador in Berlin, Hiroshi Oshima, following his frequent, lengthy meetings with Adolf Hitler throughout the war.

  12    
“with war looming”:
Allen W. Dulles,
The Secret Surrender
(Guildford, CT: Lyons Press, 2006).

  13    
“Oh So Social”:
The Secret War
(The World War II series) (Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1998).

  13    
U-559:
http://www.uboat.net
. Lt. Tony Fasson and AB Colin Glazier were posthumously awarded the George Cross, and canteen assistant Tommy Brown lived to receive the George Medal—though he did not survive the war. Tragically, he died in 1945 trying to save his sister from a fire at their home.

Chapter 2: T
HE
T
URNING
T
IDE

  14    
“all sorts of outlandish people”:
Srodes,
Allen Dulles
.

  15    
“big window”:
Christof Mauch,
The Shadow War Against Hitler: The Covert Operations of America’s Wartime Secret Intelligence Service
(New York: Columbia University Press, 2002).

  15    
“bringing to my door purveyors of information”:
Srodes, Allen Dulles.

  15    
“putting one over the Brits”:
Gordon Thomas,
Inside British Intelligence: 100 Years of MI5 and MI6
(London: JR Books, 2009).

  16    
“George Wood”:
Lucas Delattre,
Betraying Hitler: The Story of Fritz Kolbe, the Most Important Spy of the Second World War
(London: Atlantic Books, 2005).

  17    
Wilhelm Canaris:
Charles Whiting,
Hitler’s Secret War: The Nazi Espionage Campaign Against the Allies
(Barnsley, UK: Leo Cooper, 2000).

  18    
“pillow talk”:
von Hassell et al.,
Alliance of Enemies
.

  18    
“these east German Junkers”:
Ibid.

  18    
“Yankee Doodle Dandy”:
Thomas,
Inside British Intelligence
.

  18    
“all news from Berne”:
Delattre,
Betraying Hitler
.

  19    
“All ammunition spent”:
The World at Arms: The Reader’s Digest Illustrated History of World War II
(London: Reader’s Digest Association, 1989).

  20    
“small hunk of horse meat”:
The Illustrated History of the World: The World in Flames 1939–45
(London: Reader’s Digest Association, 2007).

  20    
“genuinely pivotal victory”:
Davies,
Europe at War 1939–1945
.

  21    
Casablanca Conference and Operation Pointblank:
H. P. Wilmott, Charles Messenger, and Robin Cross,
World War II
(London: Dorling Kindersley, 2004).

  21    
“Unconditional Surrender Grant”:
von Hassell et al.,
Alliance of Enemies
.

  22    
“We rendered impossible internal revolution”:
Letter to Chester Wilmot, January 3, 1949, Allen W. Dulles papers, Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton, New Jersey, as cited in Lucas Delattre,
Betraying Hitler: The Story of Fritz Kolbe, the Most Important Spy of the Second World War
(London: Atlantic Books, 2005).

Chapter 3: T
HE
B
ROWN
E
MINENCE

  23    
“imbalance of resources”:
A mass of statistics is available, but the following snapshot figures for 1943 may suffice. Total Allied coal production was 928 million tons and Axis production 545 million. Total Allied production of iron ore was 145 million tons and Axis production 77 million. Total Allied crude steel production was 118 million tons and Axis production 47 million. Total Allied crude oil production was 259 million tons and Axis production just 18 million. As for manufacturing output, in 1943 the Allied nations built 61,062 battle tanks and self-propelled guns, the Axis nations 12,957. From John Ellis,
The World War II Data Book
(London: Aurum Press, 1993).

  24    
“der totaler Krieg”:
Richard Bessel,
Nazism and War
(London: Phoenix, 2004).

  25    
“greatest confusion that has ever existed”:
The Center of the Web
(The Third Reich series) (Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1990).

  25    
“Hitler exercised his absolute power”:
Burleigh,
Third Reich
.

  26    
“state machinery defied all logical explanation”:
Brian L. Davis,
The German Home Front 1939–45
(Oxford: Osprey, 2007).

  27    
“Telex General”:
Jochen von Lang,
Bormann: The Man Who Manipulated Hitler
(London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1979).

  28    
“Hitler’s personal treasure chest”:
Whetton,
Hitler’s Fortune
.

  28    
“Bormann’s proposals are so precisely worked out”:
Joachim C. Fest,
The Face of the Third Reich
(New York: Da Capo Press, 1999).

  29    
“clung to Hitler like ivy”:
Patrick Delaforce,
The Hitler File
(London: Michael O’Mara Books, 2007). Bormann’s power stemmed less from his party rank—there were seventeen different NSDAP departmental Reichsleitern—than from his appointment to particular duties close to Hitler.

  29    
“I need Bormann”:
Guido Knopp,
Hitler’s Hitmen
(Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2002).