Henry VIII (85 page)
History of the King's Works.
The Tudor ceiling survives, although the chapel was enlarged, panelled, and redecorated in 1836â1840, when the box pews were installed and the royal closet reduced in size. The chapel was damaged by enemy action during the Second World War, but is now fully restored. St. James's Palace became a favourite royal residence in the seventeenth century, when Sir Christopher Wren enlarged it and added the great staircase. After Whitehall burned down in 1698, St. James's became the sovereign's chief London residence, remaining so until it was superseded by Buckingham Palace in the late eighteenth century; ambassadors are still accredited to the Court of St. James's today. Much of St. James's Palace was destroyed by a fire in 1809. The present St. James's Park was designed by John Nash in 1827.
Lisle Letters.
L&P. The gabled west wall and the great rose window of the fourteenth-century Bishop's Hall are all that survive of this once vast mediaeval palace.
Narratives of the Reformation,
ed. Nichols.
CP, ed. Kaulek; L&P.
The original miniature is in the Royal Collection, while Holbein's copy is in the collection of the Duke of Buccleuch.
CP, ed. Kaulek; L&P.
Roberts;
Princely Magnificence
catalogue.
CSP: Spanish.
L&P.
Ibid.
Cited in Loades,
Tudor Court.
Lisle Letters; L&P.
CP, ed. Kaulek; L&P.
Lisle Letters.
Original Letters, ed. Ellis; L&P.
L&P.
Cited in Neville Williams,
Henry VIII and His Court.
L&P.
Ibid.
55 “I Have Been Young, and Now Am Old”
L&P.
Ibid.
Ibid.; CP, ed. Kaulek.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Now at the Tower of London and Windsor Castle. The foot armour in the Tower has decorative borders designed by Holbein.
L&P.
Ibid.; CP, ed. Kaulek;
English Historical Documents.
CP, ed. Kaulek; L&P.
L&P.
Ibid.
Ibid.
The reformer Philip Melanchthon, quoted in L&P.
L&P.
Ibid.
Stephen Gardiner,
Letters.
L&P.
State Papers.
L&P.
Ibid.
Ibid.; CP, ed. Kaulek.
Ibid.
Nicholas Sander.
Statutes of the Realm.
L&P.
B.L. Royal MSS.
L&P.
Ibid.; CP, ed. Kaulek.
When the book was reprinted in 1545, after Katherine Howard's execution, the dedication to her was omitted.
L&P; CP, ed. Kaulek.
L&P.
Ibid.; CP, ed. Kaulek.
Seymour Papers; State Papers.
CP, ed. Kaulek; L&P.
L&P.
State Papers.
CSP: Spanish; L&P.
L&P; PRO; Literary Remains of Edward VI; Seymour Papers; State Papers; B.L. Cotton MSS.: Vespasian.
State Papers;
PRO.
CP, ed. Kaulek; L&P.
L&P.
State Papers.
Collection of Ordinances.
L&P; Weir, Margaret Douglas.
56 “Is Not the Queen Abed Yet?”
CP, ed. Kaulek; L&P.
Acts of the Privy Council.
PRO; B.L. Harleian MSS.
Acts of the Privy Council.
L&P.
Now in the British Museum.
B.L. Royal MSS.; State Papers; B.L. Additional MSS.
In 1698, Whitehall Palace was destroyed by a fire accidentally started by a laundry maid who left washing to dry over an open fire. The Holbein Gate survived the fire, but was demolished in 1749â1750 when the thoroughfare now known as Whitehall was widened. The palace was never rebuilt, and government offices occupy much of the site. The only surviving Tudor building is the underground wine cellar.
The only part of the original clock to survive today is the face. The mechanism has been repaired and replaced several times over the centuries, and the clock still works. During the 1830s, William IV had the face replaced with one taken from a clock at St. James's Palace, but the original was later restored under Queen Victoria.
Cited by C.R.N. Routh.
Westenhanger was alienated from the Crown in 1585 and is still in private hands. The extensive ruins of the castle incorporate an eighteenth-century house.
L&P.
Ibid.
CP, ed. Kaulek; L&P; Raphael Holinshed.
Statutes of the Realm.
L&P; CP, ed. Kaulek; CSP: Spanish.
CP, ed. Kaulek; L&P.
CSP: Spanish.
L&P.
CP, ed. Kaulek; L&P.
Ibid.
Cited by John Scarisbrick.
L&P.
CP, ed. Kaulek; L&P.
L&P.
It is unclear from the few surviving records exactly what works were carried out. Most of the monastic buildings had disappeared by 1562, and the King's Manor was largely rebuilt before 1600.
L&P.
Ibid.;
State Papers
.
B.L. Cotton MSS.: Augustus.
L&P.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
57 “Little, Sweet Fool”
L&P.
Acts of the Privy Council.
L&P.
Ibid.;
Acts of the Privy Council.
L&P.
Thurley,
Royal Palaces.
CP, ed. Kaulek; L&P.
L&P.
Ibid.
Ibid.; Edward Hall.
Now in the Public Record Office;
State Papers
.
L&P.
Ibid.
Ibid.; CP, ed. Kaulek.
L&P.
Ibid.
Edward Hall.
State Papers.
L&P; Edward Hall.
Edward Hall.
CSP: Spanish.
Ibid.
Nicander Nucius.
L&P.
Ibid.; CP, ed. Kaulek.
Ibid.
CSP: Spanish.
L&P; CP, ed. Kaulek.
Chronica del Rey Enrico.
L&P.
Statutes of the Realm.
CSP: Spanish.
L&P; CP, ed. Kaulek.
CSP: Spanish.
L&P.
58 “A Nest of Heretics”
L&P; CSP: Spanish.
L&P.
Wyatt's poems, and Surrey's, were first published in 1557 in
Tottel's Miscalleny.
L&P.
After Browne's death, she married, in about 1552, Edward, Lord Clinton, future Earl of Lincoln (d.1585), who had previously been married to Elizabeth Blount. Elizabeth died in 1590, and was buried alongside Clinton in St. George's Chapel, Windsor.
Cowdray was destroyed by fire in 1793; extensive ruins remain.
L&P.
Edward Hall.
L&P; Acts of the Privy Council; B.L. Harleian MSS.
B.L. Sloane MSS.
PRO.
CSP: Spanish.
L&P.
CSP: Spanish.
A lock of her hair, taken from her coffin in the eighteenth century, is preserved at Sudeley Castle.
L&P.
Marbeck later wrote the musical setting for Edward VI's first Book of Common Prayer. He died in about 1585. The fifteenth-century house where he lived still survives at Windsor, and is still lived in by the organist of St. George's Chapel.
Edward Hall.
Narratives of the Reformation,
ed. Nichols.
Ibid.
For the heresy purge of 1543, see L&P, John Foxe, Edward Hall, and Acts of the Privy Council.
Cited in Starkey,
Reign of Henry VIII
.
State Papers; L&P.
L&P; only the gatehouse survives today.
Cited in Starkey,
Reign of Henry VIII
.
Ibid.
Ibid.
John Foxe.
B.L. Cotton MSS.: Cleopatra.
L&P.
Statutes of the Realm.
59 “The Good Expectations of the King's Majesty”
L&P.
Ibid.
Anne was later granted a pension by Edward VI for her good services to Katherine Parr. She served Mary I as a lady-in-waiting, and in 1554 married Walter Hungerford, a Gentleman Pensioner. She died before 1557.
Chronica del Rey Enrico.
L&P.
Ibid.
Ashdown. The Duchess fled England in 1554 to escape the Marian persecution. She returned on the accession of Elizabeth I in 1558, and died in 1580.
L&P.
John Foxe.
L&P.
PRO.
B.L. Cotton MSS.: Vespasian.
Tudor Royal Proclamations.
PRO.
This is the only one of Henry's many hunting lodges to survive today.
The King sat for Holbein in 1542. The painting was finished by less competent artists after Holbein's death, with the result that Henry's figure is disproportionately large, making the overall design look mediaeval. The picture is still in the possession of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
PRO.
Privy Purse Expenses of the Princess Mary.
Both portraits are in the National Portrait Gallery. That of Katherine Parr was formerly incorrectly identified as Lady Jane Grey, although it had been known as Katherine Parr since at least the eighteenth century (B.L. Additional MSS.). The incorrect identification was made on the assumption that the coronet jewel on the sitter's breast is identical to that in a well-attested engraving of Lady Jane Grey, but the pendant at her neck is the same as that in the National Portrait Gallery portrait of Katherine Parr. As Katherine was the wife of Lady Jane's guardian, she probably gave or bequeathed to Jane the coronet brooch. The sitter in the portrait attributed to Master John is a mature woman, and cannot have been Lady Jane, who was under ten, and notoriously undersized for her age, when it was painted.
Now in the National Portrait Gallery. The landscape background was probably added in the seventeenth century.
PRO. See the unknown man (c.1545) in the National Portrait Gallery and Sir William Cavendish (also c.1545) at Hardwick Hall. Bettes also painted William, the eldest son of Sir William Butts, in 1543. Bettes's son, John Bettes the Younger (d.1616), was a pupil of Nicholas Hilliard and one of the foremost artists of the Elizabethan/Jacobean period. His son, Edward Bettes (d.1661), was also a painter.
She later served as gentlewoman to both Mary I and Elizabeth I, for whom she painted several miniatures. She died in 1576.
Now in the National Portrait Gallery.
CSP: Spanish.
B.L. Additional MSS.: Rawlinson MSS., Bodleian Library.
Literary Remains of Edward VI.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Now in the Public Record Office.
B.L. Additional MSS.
L&P.
The clock salt no longer exists, but Holbein's design for it is in the British Museum.
Now in the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
Cited in Neville Williams,
Henry VIII and His Court.
60 “The Enterprise of Boulogne”
Statutes of the Realm.
L&P.
PRO; Fraser.
CSP: Spanish.
Ibid.;
Archaeologia.
Ibid.
Ibid.
L&P.
John Foxe.
This was Lord Darnley, who would later become the second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, and the father of James VI and I.
L&P. Katherine would spend much time at Chelsea and Hanworth during her widowhood. Chelsea, which was surrounded by twenty-nine gardens, was demolished around 1700.
L&P.
Ibid.; CSP: Spanish.
Ibid.
Rutland Papers.
Acts of the Privy Council.
L&P.
PRO. Leeds was alienated from the Crown in 1552. It was restored in 1822, and more extensively in the twentieth century by Lady Baillie, its late owner.
61 “The Worst Legs in the World”
The picture is still in the Royal Collection, but now hangs at Hampton Court.
Copies are in the Royal Collection, Windsor, the British Museum, and the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris.
Now in the collection of Lord Weidenfeld.
L&P.
Ibid.
Stephen Gardiner,
Letters
.
CSP: Spanish; L&P.
Letters of Henry VIII.
John Foxe.
CSP: Spanish; L&P.
PRO; L&P.
CP, ed. Kaulek.
CSP: Spanish.
John Foxe.
CSP: Spanish. Chapuys died in 1546.
L&P.
Ibid.
CSP: Spanish.
The house was greatly enlarged in the reign of James I.
L&P.
It was badly vandalised, and perhaps totally destroyed, during Robert Kett's rebellion of 1549. No trace remains of it today.
L&P.
Ibid.;
Acts of the Privy Council.
See Warnicke,
Women of the English Renaissance
.
CSP: Spanish.
Edward Hall.
L&P.
The dry stamp is now in the Public Record Office.
L&P.
62 “Painful Service”
“A New Year's Gift” was edited by John Bale and published in 1549 under the title
The Laborious Journey and Search of John Leland
for England's Antiquities (now in the British Library). Leland's notes were collected and edited by Thomas Hearne in the early eighteenth century, and published at Oxford in 1710â1715.
Thomas Cranmer,
Miscellaneous Writings and Letters;
John Foxe.
Cited in Neville Williams,
Henry VIII and His Court
.
L&P; Memoires de Martin et Guillaume du Bellay; State Papers.
L&P.
Ibid.; CSP: Spanish.
Acts of the Privy Council.
John Foxe.
CSP: Spanish.
L&P.
John Foxe.
Cited in Neville Williams,
Henry VIII and His Court
.
CSP: Spanish.
L&P.
Edward Hall.
John Foxe.
PRO; Inventory.
L&P.
CSP: Spanish.
Ibid.
State Papers; L&P; Gilbert Burnet.
L&P.
CSP: Spanish.
Correspondance politique de Odet de Selve.
CSP: Spanish.
Ibid.
Chronicle and Political Papers of King Edward VI.