How the West Won: The Neglected Story of the Triumph of Modernity (84 page)

Davies, Norman,
143–44

Davis, David Brion,
230
,
231

Davis, Paul K.,
88

Davis, R. H. C.,
118

Dawson, Christopher,
132

Decius,
58

Defender of the Holy Sepulchre,
108
.
See also
Godfrey of Bouillon

Delbrück, Hans,
89

Delian League,
30

Deloria, Vine,
234

demiurge,
27
,
37
,
38

democracy: Christian missionaries and,
367
; the Greeks and,
18–19
; individual freedom and,
119
; in Italian city-states,
126–29

demographics: impact of the Black Death on Europe’s demography,
152–53
; Malthusian theory of population,
157–58

Demosthenes,
32

Denmark: Christianization,
115
; church-state relationship and its impact on the Reformation,
273–74

Descartes, René,
306
,
315

Deuteronomy,
120
,
135

de Valette, Jean Parisot,
291

Devastation
(HMS),
360

DeWitt Clinton
(locomotive),
331

dhimmis: impact on Islamic culture,
295–98
; persecution of,
300–302
; treatment in Islamic culture,
299–300

Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
(Galileo),
319–20

Diamond, Jared,
238–39

Dias, Bartolomeu,
208

Dickens, Mark,
297

Diet of Worms,
244
,
267

Dikaiarch of Messina,
24

Din, Imad ad-,
110–11

Diocletian,
59

Discovery, Age of.
See
Age of Discovery

dissection: human,
164–65

divination,
50

divinity: Plato’s concept of,
26
,
27

doge
,
126–27

Dome of the Rock,
295–96

Domesday Book
,
99
,
153

Donald, Leland,
236

Dopsch, Alfons,
73

d’Oresme, Nicole,
315–16

draft animals.
See
horses and horse power

Drake, Sir Francis,
226–27
,
245–47
,
252–54

Dreadnought
(HMS),
361

Dresbeck, LeRoy,
157

Duby, Georges,
76
,
122–23
,
132

Duffy, Eamon,
112

Dyrrhachium, Battle of,
104

Eannes, Gil,
208

economics: cash economies,
132–33
; command economies,
11–13
,
294
; the Greeks and,
20–21
.
See also
capitalism; commerce; trade

Edessa, County of,
107

Edison, Thomas Alva,
354–55

education: expansion in Great Britain,
346–47
; in the U.S.,
352–53
.
See also
universities

Edward I (king of England),
86

Edward III (king of England),
186
,
196

Egypt: exploitation, stagnation, and repression in ancient Egypt,
10
,
11
; Muslim conquest,
86–87

Ehrlich, Paul,
157

Einstein, Albert,
317
,
320

Elements
(Euclid),
173

Elizabeth
(ship),
247

Elizabeth I (queen of England): commerce and,
344
; Drake’s privateering and,
245
,
246
,
247
; Drake’s raid on Cádiz and,
252
,
253
; free enterprise and,
262
; Philip II and,
241
; support for the Dutch Protestants against Spain,
252

Elliot, J. H.,
256–57
,
259

empiricism: Roger Bacon and,
172–73
; in the rise of universities,
164–65

Engels, Friedrich,
5
,
339

England: Anglicanism and the persecution of dissenters,
263
,
277
;
arrival of the Anglo-Saxons,
75
; child labor,
335
; church-state relationship and its impact on the Reformation,
274
; decline of the Spanish Empire and,
255
,
258
,
262
; economic consequences of the Black Death,
153
,
154
,
155
; expansion of education in,
346–47
; Luddites,
336
; New World colonialism,
226–27
; Norman conquest and rule,
98–100
; Peasants’ Revolt,
155
; privateers and the career of Francis Drake,
245–47
; rise of capitalism in (
see
English capitalism); rise of science and,
313–15
; serfs in,
153
; Spain and,
241
; Spanish Armada and the attempted invasion of,
251–54
; Vikings raids,
97
; water mills,
78
,
156
; woolen industry,
156
,
184
,
185–88
,
342
.
See also
Great Britain

English capitalism: dispersion and,
186
,
187–88
; origins of,
184
; rise and development of the woolen industry,
185–88
; transition to coal power,
189–91

“Enlightenment,”
304
,
309

entertainment: Greco-Roman,
54–55

Ephesians,
123

epic poetry,
22

epidemics: historical study of,
143
.
See also
Black Death

Erasmus,
264

Erdoes, Richard,
117

Eric the Red,
146

Euclid,
173

Eugene IV (pope),
229

Euripides,
22

European colonialism: Age of Imperialism,
364–66
; benefits of,
357–58
; “cultural imperialism” and,
366
; extent of,
357
; gunboats,
361–62
; issue of economics of,
358
; missionary effects,
366–68
; rapid-fire small arms,
362
; reasons for,
358
; role of Western medicine in,
359–60
; steamships,
360–61
; telegraphs and cables,
363–64
; transmission of modernity and,
357
,
365
; “underdevelopment” and,
358
,
368–70
.
See also
New World colonialism

experimental method,
172–73

Factory Acts (Great Britain),
335

Fagan, Brian,
147

Falkirk campaign,
86

Fallopius, Gabriel,
321

famine: during the Little Ice Age,
147
; Malthusian theory of population and,
157–58

Farah, Caesar,
298

Farnese, Don Alessandro (Duke of Parma),
251
,
254

Ferdinand II of Aragon,
241
,
255
,
273
,
302

Ferdinand IV (king of Castile),
196

Ferguson, Robert,
96

Fernández-Armesto, Felipe,
206

Ferrill, Arthur,
56
,
63
,
65
,
66

fertility rates: in Great Britain,
342

Fieldhouse, D. K.,
364

Findlay, Ronald,
191

Finke, Roger,
277–78

Finley, Moses I.,
42
,
121–22

firearms: arquebuses,
197
,
220–21
; the European military revolution and,
261
; muskets and musketeers,
197
; rapid-fire small arms,
362

First Crusade: crusader armies,
103–5
; the Normans and,
94
; origins of,
102
; victories against the Muslims,
105–7
; warfare in Europe and,
84

Flagellants,
150–51

Flanders,
182–84
,
186

Fletcher, Richard,
112

Fleury, Jean,
245

Fogel, Robert William,
231

Fort Christina,
227

Fort Nassau,
227

Fort St. Elmo,
291

Forty (of Venice), the,
127

Fossier, Robert,
122

Fourth Crusade,
105

France: agricultural productivity,
341
; church-state relationship and its impact on the Reformation,
273
;
Code Noir
,
230–31
,
232
; French
Revolution,
5
; imperialism and,
364
; the Jacquerie,
155
; New World colonialism,
224–26
; privateers,
245
; railroads,
331
; taxation in,
341
; University of Paris,
166–69

Francis I (king of France),
273

Frank, Andre Gunder,
369

Frankish Realm,
90

Franklin, Benjamin,
353

Franks: battles against the Muslims,
87–90
; Crusades and,
103
; Normans and,
98

freedom: democracy and,
119
; Industrial Revolution and,
337
,
340–41
; modernity and,
355
; rise of capitalism and,
138
,
184
; rise of the West and,
139

Free Imperial Cities,
272
,
274

free labor: capitalism and,
131