How the West Won: The Neglected Story of the Triumph of Modernity (89 page)
Read How the West Won: The Neglected Story of the Triumph of Modernity Online
Authors: Rodney Stark
Tags: #History, #World, #Civilization & Culture
price: Christian theologians on,
136
principes,
56
printing: of the Bible,
352
; in the Middle Ages,
155–56
; the Reformation and,
269–70
privateers,
244–47
Problem of Slavery in Western Culture
(Davis),
230
production: relationship to wealth,
12
progress: civilizations opposed to,
42–45
; and disunity during the Dark Ages,
69
; faith in,
40–42
; idea of,
39–40
.
See also
technological progress
property law,
348–50
property rights: capitalism and,
131
; Industrial Revolution and,
340–41
Protestant ethic,
134
Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, The
(Weber),
129
,
279
Protestantism: conflicts in the Netherlands with Spain,
244
,
248–51
,
260
; missionaries and European colonialism,
366–68
; organized diversity and the Reformation,
281
.
See also
Puritanism; Reformation
Protestant Union,
251
puddling,
329
Punic Wars,
48
Puritanism: Harvard University and,
353
; myths of Puritan “achievements,”
278–80
; rise of science falsely attributed to,
279–80
,
304
,
310–11
Pyle, Howard,
73
Pythagoras,
25
Quebec colony,
225
quinine,
359
railroads: development during the Industrial Revolution,
329–32
;
economic impact,
332
; English origins,
190
rail systems: in England,
190
Raleigh, Sir Walter,
226
Ramesses II,
10
rapid-fire small arms,
362
rational theology: Plato and,
27
Reade, Winwood,
13
reason and rationalism: Christian concepts of God and,
41–42
; Christian theology and,
159–60
; civilizations opposed to,
42–45
; concepts of a rational creator,
39–40
; early Christianity and,
36–37
; the Greeks and,
24–28
Reeves, Marjorie,
40
Reformation: Catholic Church’s response to Luther,
266
,
267
; the Catholic Counter-Reformation,
280
; causes of,
264–65
,
267–74
; consequences of,
275–80
; government interference in religious life and,
277–78
; Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses,
265–66
; Luther’s “Reformation Treatises,”
266–67
; myths surrounding,
263
; production of organized diversity in Christendom,
280–81
; public access to the Bible and,
352
; relationship of monarchs to the Catholic Church and,
273–74
; religious wars and,
277
; rise of science falsely attributed to,
304
; role of pamphlets and printers in,
269–70
; role of professors and students in,
270–71
; role of the urban bourgeoisie in,
271–72
“Reformation Treatises” (Luther),
266–67
Reilly, Robert,
43
religion: Greco-Roman,
50–51
; index of government interference in religious life,
277–78
; religious profile of sixteenth and seventeenth century scientists,
309–10
,
311
“religious capitalism,”
133–34
religious conversion: Christianization of the Vikings,
113–16
; social dynamics of,
113–14
Renatus, Flavius Vegetius,
64
Republican Rome,
48–49
Requeséns, Don Luis de,
250
research laboratories,
354–55
“resolution and composition,” principle of,
170–71
Revolt of the Ciompi,
155
Rhine Borderlands,
272
Rhine region: anti-Semitism in,
152
Richard of Saint-Vanne,
102
rifles,
362
River Garonne, Battle of,
88
roads: Roman,
53
Roanoke colony,
226
Robert, Duke of Normandy,
103
Roberts, J. M.,
32
Rocket
(locomotive),
330–31
Rohner, Ronald and Evelyn,
236
rolling mills,
329
Rollo,
98
Roman army: Constantine’s “Grand Strategy,
62–64
; structure and reform of,
55–57
Romanesque architecture,
83
Rome (ancient): arts and letters,
51–52
; conquest of the Hellenic world,
32
; Constantine’s “Grand Strategy,
62–64
; the Dark Ages and,
71
,
72
; destruction of the independent farmer,
49
; fall of,
60–66
; geography of,
74
; Jewish Diaspora,
34
; military,
55–57
,
62–64
; persecution of Christians,
58–59
; plagues and,
148
; principles of warfare,
18
; religion and gods,
50–51
; rise of,
47–50
; rise of Christianity and,
57–59
; sacked by the Goths,
65–66
; slavery and,
121–22
; sports and entertainment,
54–55
; technology,
53–54
; trade with and knowledge of Asia,
200
; views of commerce,
343–44
Rome (city): capture by Charles V,
243–44
Rorke’s Drift, Battle of,
18
Rostovtzeff, Michael,
61–62
round ships,
80
routiers,
204
Ruddock, Alwyn,
214
Rupp, Ernest Gordon,
267
Rustichello of Pisa,
192
Sabians,
297
Safad,
111
Salamanca
(locomotive),
330
Salm, Count of,
288–89
Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani, al-,
87–88
Santa Maria
(ship),
211
São Gabriel
(ship),
209
São Rafael
(ship),
209
Sarton, George,
297
Savery, Thomas,
321
scalping,
234
Scandinavians: Christianization,
113–16
; Crusades and,
103
.
See also
Vikings
Schachner, Nathan,
165
Schmalkaldic League,
244
Schmalkaldic Wars,
277
Scholasticism: conventional views of,
159
; the Copernican “Revolution” and,
169–79
; empiricism and human dissection,
164–65
; Greek philosophy and,
299
; origin of universities and,
163–64
; theology and,
162
science: the Catholic Counter-Reformation and,
280
; Christian theology and the rise of,
315–18
; defined,
305
; development in Europe,
306
; England in the rise of,
313–15
; Galileo Galilei,
318–20
; the Greek philosophers and,
304–5
; illusions about Islamic contributions,
296–97
; importance of networks and communication to,
305–6
; lack of connection to technological progress in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,
321
; myth of a Scientific Revolution,
303–4
; myth of Puritan origins,
279–80
,
304
,
310–11
; religious profile of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century scientists,
309–10
,
311
; Scholastic scholars and the Copernican “revolution,”
169–79
; scientific progress and the rise of science,
303
; significant scientists between 1543 and 1680,
306–9
; universities and the rise of,
304
,
311–12
scientific method,
170–71
“Scientific Revolution”: concept of,
169–70
; myths of,
279–80
,
303–4
; Scholastic scholars and,
170–79
Scotland: child labor,
335
; Vikings raids and settlements,
97
,
98
scratch plow,
76
Selim,
292
Seljuk Turks,
102
Sepphoris,
34
Septuagint,
34