Intellectuals and Race (30 page)
29
. David Hackett Fischer,
Albion’s Seed: Four British Folkways in America
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), pp. 31–33, 89–91, 130–134, 252, 284–285, 298, 303, 345–346, 365–368, 621–630, 674–675, 680–682, 703–708, 721–723.
30
. Herbert G. Gutman,
The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750–1925
(New York: Vintage Press, 1977), pp. 32, 45; Leon F. Litwack,
Been in the Storm So Long
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), p. 238.
31
. Stephan Thernstrom and Abigail Thernstrom,
America in Black and White: One Nation, Indivisible
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997), p. 238.
32
. Henry A. Walker, “Black-White Differences in Marriage and Family Patterns,”
Feminism, Children and the New Families,
edited by Sanford M. Dornbusch and Myra H. Strober (New York: The Guilford Press, 1988), p. 92.
33
. U.S. Bureau of the Census,
Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1957
(Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1960), p. 72.
Chapter 8: The Past and The Future
1
. Madison Grant,
The Passing of the Great Race or the Racial Basis of European History,
revised edition (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1918), p. 100.
2
. Gunnar Myrdal,
An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy
(New York: Harper & Brothers, 1944), pp. xlvii, 669.
3
. Charles Murray,
Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980
(New York: Basic Books, 1984), pp. 116–117.
4
. Theodore Dalrymple,
Life at the Bottom: The Worldview That Makes the Underclass
(Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2001), pp. 69, 70.
5
. Stephan Thernstrom and Abigail Thernstrom,
America in Black and White: One Nation, Indivisible
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997), p. 233.
6
. Thomas Sowell,
Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), pp. 19–20.
7
. For detailed examples, see chapter 1 of my
Affirmative Action Around the World.
8
. Gordon P. Means, “Ethnic Preference Policies in Malaysia,”
Ethnic Preference and Public Policy in Developing States
, edited by Neil Nevitte and Charles H. Kennedy (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 1986), p. 108; V. K. Natraj, “Reservation and the OBCs,”
The Hindu
(India), April 4, 2000.
9
. Gardiner Harris, “With Affirmative Action, India’s Rich Gain School Slots Meant for Poor,”
New York Times
, October 8, 2012, p. A4. See also Marc Galanter,
Competing Equalities: Law and the Backward Classes in India
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), p. 469.
10
. Ozay Mehmet and Yip Yat Hoong, “An Empirical Evaluation of Government Scholarship Policy in Malaysia,”
Higher Education
(The Netherlands), Vol. 14, No. 2 (April 1985), p. 202.
11
. Sara Rimer and Karen W. Arenson, “Top Colleges Take More Blacks, but Which Ones?”
New York Times
, June 24, 2004, pp. A1, A18.
12
. Richard H. Sander and Stuart Taylor, Jr.,
Mismatch: How Affirmative Action Hurts Students It’s Intended to Help, and Why Universities Won’t Admit It
(New York: Basic Books, 2012), p. 152. See also p. 154.
13
. Ibid., p. 138.
14
. Ibid., p. 154.
15
. Ibid., pp. 34, 55–56, 59, 90–91, 146–147, 148, 150, 152, 154, 162, 231; Thomas Sowell,
Affirmative Action Around the World
, pp. 154–156.
16
. Richard H. Sander and Stuart Taylor, Jr.,
Mismatch
, p. 61.
17
. Walter E. Williams,
The State Against Blacks
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982), p. 31.
18
.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Sears, Roebuck & Company,
839 F.2d 302 at 311, 360; Peter Brimelow, “Spiral of Silence,”
Forbes,
May 25, 1992, p. 77.
19
. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 (Public Law 102–166 [S. 1745]).
20
. See, for example, John Herbers, “Local Pressure Bringing More Lending in Inner Cities,”
New York Times
, May 5, 1986, p. B11; William Claiborne, “Jackson’s Fundraising Methods Spur Questions,”
Washington Post
, March 27, 2001, pp. A1 ff; “Fannie Mae’s Political Immunity,”
Wall Street Journal
, July 29, 2008, p. A16; Kenneth R. Timmerman, “Freddie Mac, Verizon Made
Jesse’s Hit List,”
Insight on the News
, May 27, 2002, pp. 20–21; Peter Schweizer,
Architects of Ruin: How Big Government Liberals Wrecked the Global Economy—and How They Will Do It Again If No One Stops Them
(New York: Harper Collins, 2009), p. 14.
21
. Paul Craig Roberts, “How to Rob A Bank Legally,”
Washington Times
, December 20, 1993, p. A24.
22
. Joint Center for Housing Studies, Harvard University, “The 25th Anniversary of the Community Reinvestment Act: Access to Capital in an Evolving Financial Services System,” March 2002, p. 125.
23
. Antoine-Nicolas de Condorcet,
Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind
, translated by June Barraclough (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1955), p. 174; John Rawls,
A Theory of Justice
(Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1971), p. 100.
Abstract People (see also
Intertemporal Abstractions
),
19
,
50
,
89
,
101
,
104
,
105
,
118
Achievement versus Privilege,
52–53
Affirmative Action,
104
,
128
,
129–131
American Economic Association,
31
,
33
,
34
,
35
An American Dilemma
,
88
,
89
,
100
,
102
,
111
,
168 (note 7)
Angels,
19
,
53
,
80–81
,
108
,
109
,
111
,
121
,
123
Arguments without Arguments,
94
,
104
,
106
,
115
Asian Americans,
4–5
,
6
,
53
,
54
,
64–65
,
68
,
76
,
104
,
128n
,
131
Australia,
9
,
12
,
15
,
23
,
32
,
86
,
172 (note 55)
The Bell Curve
,
81–84
,
167 (note 94)
Blacks,
3
,
4–6
,
26
,
27
,
30
,
31
,
35
,
37–38
,
64
,
65–66
,
68
,
87
,
89
,
109
acculturation:
98–100
,
101–102
,
103
black families:
62
,
63
,
116
,
120–121
,
126
black IQs:
25
,
71–72
,
74
,
75
,
76
,
77
,
78–79
,
80
,
82
black labor force participation:
95
,
120
black migrations:
24
,
98
,
99–100
,
101
,
111
black orphans adopted by white families:
79
black public opinion:
92–93
,
102
black residential patterns:
20
black soldiers in the First World War:
68
,
72–73
black subculture:
75–79
black-white comparisons:
4
,
5–6
,
13
,
19
,
24
,
25
,
26
,
37
,
38
,
61
,
63
,
64
,
65–67
,
68
,
70
,
71
,
74
,
75
,
76
,
77
,
78
,
80
,
82
,
88
,
89
,
90
,
91
,
93
,
95–96
,
98
,
112
,
114
,
116–117
,
119
,
120
,
123
,
124–125
,
126
black youths:
95
,
112
,
113–114
,
115
,
123
,
127
progress and retrogression:
97–100
,
101
,
111
,
126
sex differences in black IQs:
78–79
“Blaming the Victim,”
44
,
88
,
103
,
108
,
111
Britain,
3
,
7
,
27
,
41
,
43
,
78
,
91
,
116
,
120
,
123
,
126
,
129
Canary Islands,
12
Caste,
110
causation versus blame:
108
,
109
,
111
causation versus characterization:
93
,
94–95
,
96–97
,
98
,
99
,
101
causation versus conveyance:
107
,
108
,
132–133
causation versus correlation:
22
,
23
external factors:
15
,
20
,
58
,
115
,
116
,
127
internal factors:
15–16
,
51
,
58
,
80–81
,
116
Ceylon (see also
Sri Lanka
),
8
,
9
Chinese People,
8
,
10
,
16
,
23
,
32
,
51
,
52–53
,
64
,
65
,
94
,
139
Civil Rights Act of 1964,
102
Correlation versus Causation,
22
,
23
Crime,
18
,
24
,
42
,
109
,
111–118
,
127
,
132
,
133
Cultures,
10
,
11
,
12–13
,
15
,
17
,
22
,
45
,
68
,
75–81
,
105
,
108
,
116
,
122
,
137