Masters of the Planet (43 page)

Gunz, P., S. Neubauer, B. Maureille, J.-J. Hublin. 2010. Brain development after birth differs between Neanderthals and modern humans.
Curr. Biol.
20 (21): R921–R922.

Henry, A. G., A. S. Brooks, D. R. Piperno. 2010. Microfossils in calculus demonstrate consumption of plants and cooked foods in Neanderthal diets (Shanidar III, Iraq; Spy I and II, Belgium).
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA,
doi/10.1073/ pnas.101686108.

Johnson, W. E., E. Eizirik, J. Pecon-Slattery, W. J. Murphy, A. Antunes, E. Teeling, S. J. O'Brien. 2006. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment.
Science
311: 73–77.

Jolly, C. J. 2001. A proper study for mankind: Analogies from the papionin monkeys and their implications for human evolution.
Yrbk Phys. Anthropol.
44: 177–204.

Krause J., Orlando L., Serre D., Viola B., Prüfer K., Richards M. P., Hublin J. J., Hänni C., Derevianko A. P., Pääbo S. 2007. Neanderthals in central Asia and Siberia.
Nature
449: 1–3.

Lalueza-Fox, C., A. Rosas, A. Estalrrich, E. Gigli, P. F. Campos, A. Garcia-Tabernero, S. Garcia-Vargas and 9 others. 2010. Genetic evidence for patrilocal mating behavior among Neandertal groups.
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA,
doi/10.1073/pnas.1011533108.

Lalueza-Fox, C., H. Rompler, D. Caramelli, C. Staubert, G. Catalano, D. Hughes, N. Rohland and 10 others. 2007. A melanocortin 1 receptor allele suggests varying pigmentation among Neanderthals.
Science
318: 1453–1455.

Patou-Mathis, M. 2006. Comportements de subsistance des Néandertaliens d'Europe. In B. Demarsin and M. Otte (eds.).
Neanderthals in Europe.
Liege, ERAUL, 117: 9–14.

Pearson, O. M., R. M. Cordero, A. M. Busby. 2006. How different were the Neanderthals' habitual activities? A comparative analysis with diverse groups of recent humans. In K. Harvati and T. Harrison (eds.).
Neanderthals Revisited: New Approaches and Perspectives.
Berlin: Springer, 135–156.

Ponce de León, M. S. and C. P. E. Zollikofer. 2001. Neanderthal cranial ontogeny and its implications for late hominid diversity.
Nature
412: 534–538.

Reich, D., R. E. Green, M. Kirchner, J. Krause, N. Patterson, E. Y. Durand, B. Viola and numerous others. 2010. Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia.
Nature
468: 1053–1060.

Schulz, H.-P. 2000/2001. The lithic industry from layers IV-V, Susiluola Cave, Western Finland.
Prehist. Europ.
16/17: 43–56.

Schwartz, J. H., I. Tattersall. 2002.
The Human Fossil Record, Vol. 1: Terminology and Craniodental Morphology of Genus
Homo
(Europe).
New York: Wiley-Liss.

Slimak, L, J. I. Svendsen, J. Mangerud, H. Plisson, H. P. Heggen, A Brugère, P. Y. Pavlov. 2011. Late Mousterian persistence near the Arctic Circle.
Science
332: 841–845.

Stiner, M., S. Kuhn. 1992. Subsistence, technology, and adaptive variation in Middle Paleolithic Italy.
Amer. Anthropol.
94: 306–339.

Tattersall, I., Schwartz, J. H. 2006. The distinctiveness and systematic context of
Homo neanderthalensis.
In K. Harvati and T. Harrison (eds.).
Neanderthals Revisited: New Approaches and Perspectives.
Berlin: Springer, 9–22.

Trinkaus, E., S. Milota, R. Rodrigo, G. Mircea, O. Moldovan. 2003. Early modern human remains from the Pe
tera cu Oase, Romania.
Jour. Hum. Evol.
45: 245–253.

Vallverdú, J., M. Vaquero, I. Cáceres, E. Allué, J. Rosell, P. Saladié, G. Chacón, A. Ollé, A. Canals, R. Sala, M. A. Courty, E. Carbonell. 2010. Sleeping Activity Area within the Site Structure of Archaic Human Groups: Evidence from Abric Romaní Level N Combustion Activity Areas.
Curr. Anthropol.
51: 137–145.

Van Andel, T. H., W. Davies. 2003.
Neanderthals and Modern Humans in the European Landscape during the Last Glaciation
(McDonald Institute Monographs). Oxford, UK: Oxbow Books.

Verna, C., F. D'Errico. 2010. The earliest evidence for the use of human bone as a tool.
Jour. Hum. Evol.
60: 145–147.

Zilhao, J., E. Trinkaus (eds.). 2002. Portrait of the artist as a child: The Gravettian human skeleton from the Abrigo do Lagar Velho and its Archeological Context.
Trab. Arqueol.
22: 1–604.

Zimmer, C. 2010. Bones give peek into the lives of Neanderthals.
New York Times,
20 December.

CHAPTER 11: ARCHAIC AND MODERN

For an excellent general account of the Mousterian, see Klein (2009). Soressi and D'Errico (2007) present an overview of putatively symbolic objects and materials
in the Mousterian. Finlayson (2009) provides a fascinating perspective on Neanderthal populations and environments. For the presence of Neanderthals at Arcy, see Hublin et al. (1996), and for recent views on the Châtelperronian at Arcy and St.-Césaire, see Bar-Yosef and Bordes (2010) and Higham et al. (2010). Evidence for early and brief replacement of Neanderthals by moderns was presented by Pinhasi et al. (2011).

Bar-Yosef, O., J.-G. Bordes. 2010. Who were the makers of the Châtelperronian culture?
Jour. Hum. Evol.
59: 586–593.

Finlayson, C. 2009.
The Humans Who Went Extinct: Why Neanderthals Died Out and We Survived.
Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Higham, T., R. Jacobi, M. Julien, F. David, L. Basell, R. Wood, W. Davies, C. B. Ramsey. 2010. Chronology of the Grotte du Renne (France) and implications for the context of ornaments and human remains within the Châtelperronian.
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA
107: 20234–20239.

Hublin, J.-J., F. Spoor, M. Braun, F. Zonneveld, and S. Condemi. 1996. A late Neanderthal associated with Upper Palaeolithic artefacts.
Nature
381: 224–226.

Klein, R. 2009.
The Human Career,
3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Pinhasi, R., T. F. G. Higham, L. V. Golubova, V. B. Doronichev. 2011. Revised age of late Neanderthal occupation and the end of the Middle Paleolithic in the northern Caucasus.
Proc Nat. Acad. Sci. USA
108: 8611–8616.

Soressi, M., F. D'Errico. 2007. Pigments, gravures, parures: Les comportements symboliques controversés des Néandertaliens. In B. Vandermeersch, B. Maureille (eds.).
Les Néandertaliens: Biologie et Cultures.
Paris: Editions du CTHS, 297–309.

CHAPTER 12: ENIGMATIC ARRIVAL

For the very earliest
Homo sapiens
fossils in Africa, see MacDougall et al. (2005), White et al. (2003) and Clark et al. (2003). For the Middle Stone Age see the review in Klein (2009), and for the Aterian and associated hominids see Balter (2011) and contributions in Garcea (2010) and Hublin and McPherron (2011). Drake et al. (2010) discuss the “green Sahara.” For dating of the Levantine sites see Bar-Yosef (1998) and Grün et al. (2005), and Coppa et al. (2005); for the Levantine hominids see Schwartz and Tattersall (2003, 2010).

Tishkoff et al. (2009) provide the most comprehensive recent discussion of African genetic diversity. Campbell and Tishkoff (2010) provide an overview and excellent bibliography. See also commentary in Gibbons (2009), and Scheinfeldt et al. (2010) for synthesis with linguistics and archaeology. For bottlenecking, see Jorde et al. (1998) and Harpending and Rogers (2000); specifically in connection with Mount Toba, see Ambrose (1998); further commentary on the Mount Toba scenario is by Ambrose (2003) and Gathorne-Hardy and Harcourt-Smith (2003). See DeSalle and Tattersall (2008) for molecular techniques and a detailed summary of the molecular evidence for human spread. Liu et al. (2010) describe the alleged ancient
Homo sapiens
jaw from China, and Pitulko et al. (2004) the earliest occupation north of the Arctic Circle.

Ambrose, S. H. 1998. Late Pleistocene human population bottlenecks, volcanic winter, and differentiation of modern humans.
Jour. Hum. Evol.
34: 623–651.

Ambrose,
S. H. 2003. Did the super-eruption of Toba cause a human population bottleneck? Reply to Gathorne-Hardy and Harcourt-Smith.
Jour. Hum. Evol.
45: 231–237.

Balter, M. 2011. Was North Africa the launch pad for modern human migrations?
Science
331: 20–23.

Bar-Yosef, Y. 1998. The chronology of the Middle Paleolithic of the Levant. In T. Akazawa, K. Aoki, O. Bar-Yosef (eds.).
Neandertals and Modern Humans in Western Asia.
New York: Plenum Press, 39–56.

Campbell, M., S. A. Tishkoff. 2010. The evolution of human genetic and phenotypic variation in Africa.
Curr. Biol.
20: R166–R173.

Clark, J. D., Y. Beyene, G. WoldeGabriel, W. K. Hart, P. R. Renne, H. Gilbert, A. Defleur, G. Suwa, S. Katoh, K. R. Ludwig, J.-R. Boisserie, B. Asfaw, T. D. White. 2003. Stratigraphic, chronological and behavioural contexts of Pleistocene
Homo sapiens
from Middle Awash, Ethiopia.
Nature
423: 747–752.

Coppa, A., R. Grün, C. Stringer, S. Eggins, R. Vargiu. 2005. Newly recognized Pleistocene human teeth from Tab
n Cave, Israel.
Jour. Hum. Evol.
49: 301–315.

DeSalle, R., I. Tattersall. 2008.
Human Origins: What Bones and Genomes Tell Us about Ourselves.
College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.

Drake, N. A., R. M. Blench, S. J. Armitage, C. S. Bristow, K. H. White. 2010. Ancient watercourses and biogeography of the Sahara explain the peopling of the desert.
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA
108: 458–462.

Garcea, E. A. A. (ed.). 2010.
South-Eastern Mediterranean Peoples between 130,000 and 10,000 Years Ago.
Oxford, UK: Oxbow Books.

Gathorne-Hardy, F. J., W. E. H. Harcourt-Smith. 2003. The super-eruption of Toba, did it cause a human bottleneck?
Jour. Hum. Evol.
45: 227–230.

Gibbons, A. 2009. Africans' deep genetic roots reveal their evolutionary story.
Science
324: 575.

Grün, R., C. Stringer, F. McDermott, R. Nathan, N. Porat, S. Robertson, L. Taylor, G. Mortimer, S. Eggins, M. McCulloch. 2005. U-series and ESR analyses of bones and teeth relating to the human burials from Skh
l.
Jour. Hum. Evol.
49: 316–334.

Harpending, H., A. R. Rogers. 2000. Genetic perspectives on human origins and differentiation.
Ann. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet.
1: 361–385.

Hublin, J. J., S. McPherron. 2011.
Modern Origins: A North African Perspective.
New York: Springer.

Klein, R. 2009.
The Human Career,
3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Liu, W., C.-Z. Jin, Y.-Q. Zhang, Y.-J. Cai, S. Zing, X.-J. Wu, H. Cheng and 6 others. 2010. Human remains from Zhirendong, South China, and modern human emergence in East Asia.
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA
107: 19201– 19206.

McDougall, I., F. H. Brown, J. G. Fleagle. 2005. Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia.
Nature
433: 733–736.

Pitulko, V. V., P. A. Nikolsky, E. Y. Girya, A. E. Basilyan, V. E. Tumskoy, S. A. Koulakov, S. N. Astakhov, E. Y. Pavlova, M. A. Anisimov. 2004. The Yana RHS site: Humans in the Arctic before the Last Glacial Maximum.
Science
303: 52–56.