Nazi Germany and the Jews: The Years of Persecution, 1933-1939 (72 page)

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. Oxford, 1989.

Wyman, David S.
Paper Walls: America and the Refugee Crisis 1938–1941
. New York, 1985.

Yahil, Leni. “Madagascar—Phantom of a Solution for the Jewish Question.” In
Jews and Non-Jews in Eastern Europe
, edited by Bela Vago and George L. Mosse. New York, 1974.

————.
The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry
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Zapf, Lilli.
Die Tübinger Juden: Eine Dokumentation
. Tübingen, 1974.

Zechlin, Egmont.
Die Deutsche Politik und die Juden im Ersten Weltkrieg
. Göttingen, 1969.

Zelinsky, Hartmut.
Richard Wagner: Ein deutsches Thema 1876–1976
. Vienna, 1983.

Zimmerman, Moshe. “Die aussichtslose Republik—Zukunftsperspektiven der deutschen Juden vor 1933.” In
Menora: Jahrbuch für deutsch-jüdische Geschichte 1990
. Munich, 1990.

Zimmermann, Michael.
Verfolgt, vertrieben, vernichtet: Die nationalsozialistische Vernichtungspoltik gegen Sinti und Roma
. Essen, 1989.

Zitelmann, Rainer.
Hitler: Selbstverständnis eines Revolutionärs
. Stuttgart, 1990.

Zuccotti, Susan.
The Italians and the Holocaust: Persecution, Rescue and Survival
. New York, 1987.

Ph.D. Dissertations

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The Voice of the SS: A History of the SS Journal “Das Schwarze Korps
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Dietrich Eckart and the Genesis of Nazism
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Pierson, R. L.
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. Ann Arbor, Mich., 1972.

Searchable Terms

Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.

Page numbers beginning at 335 refer to notes
.

Abel, Leon, 160

Abetz, Otto, 223

Abyssinia, 146

Action Française, 212, 221, 224

Adenauer, Konrad, 186

Agudath Yisrael, 200

Albert, Wilhelm, 197

Allen, William Sheridan, 38

Aly, Götz, 247

American Jewish Committee, 21

American Joint Distribution Committee, 61

Angriff, Der
, 63–64, 104, 111, 137, 141

Anschluss, 67, 194, 210, 239, 242, 275, 311

anti-Comintern pact (1936), 178

anti-Communism, 2, 17, 57, 141, 143

see also
anti-Semitism

anti-Semitism, 19

anti-Communism and, 178, 180, 182–89, 214, 215, 216, 218

anti-Nazi, 165–66

in Austria, 4, 56, 81, 83, 242

Catholic Church and, 42–43, 46–49, 59–60, 83, 190, 212, 215–17, 250–51, 297, 339–40

Christianity and, 83–85, 86–87, 215, 326–28, 344–45

“eliminationist,” 335, 394

of German elites, 297–98

of German populace, 3, 4, 110, 116, 324, 363

in Imperial Germany, 34, 56, 76–77, 81–90

in other countries, 81, 113, 211–24, 250–52, 292, 339–40, 352–53, 378, 391

Protestant churches and, 41–42, 43–46, 47, 59–60, 83, 189–90, 339–40

pseudoscientific bolstering of, 369

racial, 3, 20, 34–35, 82–83, 86–87, 89, 96–97, 142

rational vs. emotional, 198

in Soviet Union, 103, 186, 214

theoreticians of, 191–93

three symbolic figures of, 197

of universities, 56–59

in Weimar Republic, 56, 73–75, 104–12, 347

anti-Semitism, redemptive, 73–112, 335, 351–61

definition of, 87

of Hitler, 3, 4, 20, 46, 71–72, 74, 95–104, 177, 180, 183–89, 192, 280

international Jewish conspiracy perceived in, 84–85, 91–95, 99–101, 179–80, 183–84, 188, 189, 280, 288, 311, 313

of Nazi Party radicals, 3–4, 313

Appel, Martha, 22, 38

Arendt, Hannah, 53, 55, 82, 348

Aryanization:

in Austria, 241–45, 247

cultural, 9–14, 32–33, 65–68, 102, 107–10, 117–18, 130–37, 252, 364–65

economic, 179, 232–39, 242–44, 247, 257–61, 281, 284, 317

final stages of, 280–98, 316–30

see also
universities, Jews in;
specific professions

Association Against Jewish Arrogance, 76–77

Association of National German Jews, 15, 109

Atrocity Propaganda Is Based on Lies, the Jews of Germany Themselves Say
, 339

Auschwitz, 197, 221

Austria, 80, 115, 135, 241–48, 258, 263, 264

Anschluss and, 67, 194, 210, 239, 242, 275, 311

anti-Semitism in, 4, 56, 81, 83, 242

Aryanization in, 241–45, 247, 282, 284

concentration camps in, 245–46, 247

Jewish emigration from, 63, 214, 224, 244–45, 382

Jews expelled from, 245, 265

Kristallnacht in, 274–76

as model for Nazi program, 247, 282, 284

post-Anschluss name of, 241

Austro-Hungarian Empire, 80

Avenarius, Ferdinand, 78–79

Baarova, Lida, 272

Bab, Julius, 66

Baeck, Leo, 60, 65, 348

Baerwald, Leo, 48

Bagatelles pour un massacre
(Céline), 213

Baillie, Hugh, 143

Balkans, 178

Ballin, Albert, 73, 74, 77

Bang, Paul, 26–27

Bankier, David, 162, 163, 164

banking industry, Jews in, 24, 25, 77–78, 170, 234, 259–60

Barkai, Avraham, 22

Barmat brothers, 106

Bauer, Karl, 274, 275

Baumgarten, Eduard, 54

Bavaria, 91–92, 93–94, 99, 355, 363

Bavarian People’s Party (BVP), 102

Bayreuth circle, 87–90, 109

Beckmann, Anton, 202

Befehl des Gewissens, Der
(Zöberlein), 122

Behrends, Hermann, 198

Being and Time
(Heidegger), 54

Belinson, Moshe, 64

Benn, Gottfried, 10

Béraud, Henri, 105–6

Berger, Richard, 275

Bergery, Gaston, 213–14

Berlin, 18, 56–58, 91, 106, 138, 202–3, 257, 260–61, 262, 352

Berlin University, 347, 348

Bernanos, Georges, 211–12

Bernhard, Thomas, 239–40

Bernheimer, Otto, 233

Berning, Bishop Wilhelm, 47, 49, 59, 210

Berthold, Karl, 31–32, 155–56, 321–23, 341

Bertram, Adolf Johannes Cardinal, 42, 298, 393–94

Best, Werner, 263, 264

Bethe, Hans, 50

Bethge, Eberhard, 45–46

Bethmann-Hollweg, T. von, 76

Bidault, Georges, 248

Bismarck, Herbert von, 34–35

blacks, 153, 195, 196, 207–8

Bleichröder, Gerson, 81

Bloch, Édouard, 222

Blomberg, Werner von, 117, 236

Blum, Ferdinand, 231–32

Blum, Léon, 219, 222–23

Blumenfeld, Kurt, 21

Bohnen, Michael, 135

Bolshevism, 97–98, 103, 141, 178, 180, 371

see also
anti-Communism; Communism

Bolshevism from Moses to Lenin
(Eckart), 97–98

Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 45–46

Bonnet, Georges, 300–301

book burnings, 11, 13, 57–58, 60

Bormann, Martin, 116–17, 154, 208, 226, 228–29, 232
n
280, 331

Born, Max, 50

Börne, Ludwig, 88

Bosch, Carl, 26

Bouhler, Philipp, 210

Böving-Burmeister, Isolina, 195

Brack, Viktor, 210

Brandt, Karl, 209, 210, 331

Brod, Max, 300

Brodnitz, Julius, 21

Broszat, Martin, 114, 115, 206, 335, 336, 359

Buber, Martin, 16–17, 44, 118, 169

Buch, Walter, 154, 271

Buchenwald, 167, 261, 326

Bülow, Bernhard W. von, 34

Bürckel, Josef, 241–44

Busch, Fritz, 10

businesses, Jewish-owned, 18, 38, 62, 125

April 1, 1933 boycott of, 15, 19, 20–24, 26, 37, 42–43, 56, 57, 59, 70

Aryanization of, 179, 232–39, 242–43, 247, 257–61, 284, 317

banning of, 258, 281

definition of, 22–23

German economy and, 69, 70, 74, 126, 127

identification of, 187–88

Nazis as customers of, 126, 202–3, 233–34

violence directed against, 137–39

Carl, Prince of Sweden, 36

Catholic Church, Catholics, 109, 210, 227, 235, 248, 250

anti-Semitism and, 42–43, 46–49, 59–60, 83, 190, 212, 215–17, 250–51, 297, 339–40, 345

“crow-black,” 231

Nuremberg Laws and, 163, 164

in Poland, 215–17

see also
Vatican

cattle trade, Jews in, 37, 125, 127, 138–39, 169, 188–89, 233, 363

Céline, Louis-Ferdinand, 213, 377

cemeteries, 329–30

Central Association of German Citizens of the Jewish Faith, 15, 21, 48, 61, 151, 165

Central Committee of the Boycott Movement, 24

Central Office for Jewish Emigration, 244–45, 304, 305

Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 89–90, 355

Chamberlain, Neville, 265, 330

Chaoul, Henri, 153–54, 321

Chinese Army, 117–18

Christianity:

anti-Semitism and, 83–85, 86–87, 215, 326–28, 344–45

conversion of Jews, 43, 46, 47

see also
Catholic Church, Catholics; Protestant churches, Protestants

Christian Science Monitor
, 19

Citizenship Law, 142, 145, 146, 148, 149, 157–58, 257–58, 291, 318

citizenship of Jews:

in France, 221, 223

in Nazi Germany, 26–27, 39, 71, 140, 142, 146, 148, 149, 157–58, 237, 263–68

refugee crisis and, 263–68

Citron, Otto, 157–58

Civil Code, 120–21

Civil Service Law,
see
Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service

Class, Heinrich, 34, 76

Cologne, 36

Committee for Inter-Confessional Peace, 42

Communism, 18, 24, 25, 27, 53, 61, 93, 111, 141, 163, 164, 178, 242

see also
anti-Communism

Communist Party, German, 106

concentration camps, 42, 189, 190, 261, 263, 274, 338

in Austria, 245–46, 247

categories of prisoners in, 203

Communists imprisoned, 17

first Jews sent to, 18

number of prisoners in, 203