Nazi Germany and the Jews: The Years of Persecution, 1933-1939 (74 page)

Heymann, Berthold, 37

Hilberg, Raul, 258, 341, 348

Hilferding, Rudolf, 108

Hilgard, Eduard, 281

Himmler, Heinrich, 17, 182, 194, 196, 204, 206, 243, 245, 246, 255, 267, 272–73, 274, 285, 292, 312, 314, 359

named head of German police, 179, 194–95

Hindenburg, Paul von, 16, 20, 28, 35–36, 111, 115

Hinkel, Hans, 9, 12, 66, 136, 350

Hintze, Hedwig, 190

Hirsch, Caesar, 37

Hirsch, Otto, 60, 61

Hirschberg, Alfred, 61

Historische Zeitschrift
(
HZ
), 190–91, 227–28, 373

Hitler, Adolf, 10, 14, 15, 16, 18, 25, 26, 28, 52, 53, 59–60, 61, 62, 64, 68, 90, 111, 131, 132, 140, 141–44, 145, 148, 151, 167, 200, 206, 207, 209, 222, 225, 226, 249, 254, 258, 260, 267, 321, 341

Anschluss and, 239

as armed forces commander, 236

Aryanization orders and, 280, 281, 283, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 293

Concordat signed between Vatican and, 46–47, 48–49, 69, 70

decision-making methods of, 146, 148–49

50th birthday celebration of, 332

Four-Year Plan and, 182–83, 236

future goals of anti-Jewish program hinted at by, 35–36, 72, 100, 143–44, 147, 187–88, 280, 309–10, 314, 315

German resistance against, 134

international opinion and response to, 19, 177–78, 222, 265, 291, 300, 308–9

Kristallnacht and, 270–74, 277, 300

Nuremberg Laws announced by, 141–43

personal interventions by, 32, 52, 124–25, 153–54, 259, 336, 346

Poland invaded by, 330–31

political and economic factors in decisions made by, 3, 20, 23, 24, 29, 30, 69–72, 116–17, 139, 150, 181, 227, 291, 336, 358

psychological makeup of, 111–12, 357, 358

redemptive anti-Semitism as worldview of, 3, 4, 20, 46, 71–72, 74, 95–104, 177, 180, 183–89, 192, 280, 358, 359

rise to power of, 9, 14, 17, 103, 114–16, 121, 131, 308

and secret responsibility for brutality, 278–79

Hitler Youth, 137, 262

Hlond, Augustus Cardinal, 216–17

Hofmannsthal, Hugo von, 252

Hofstadter, Richard, 84

Höhn, Reinhard, 198

Holländer, Ludwig, 15, 118–19

Holocaust, 40, 247

establishing historical account of, 1–6, 335

Gypsies as target in, 204–5

homosexuals as target in, 113–14, 203, 205–7

homosexuals, 113–14, 203, 205–7, 236, 247, 302

Honecker, Martin, 54

Hönigswald, Richard, 52

Hossbach, Friedrich, 150

household help, 148, 150, 160–61, 163, 235

housing, 260–61, 291, 320–21

Huch, Ricarda, 11, 14

Hull, Cordell, 69, 261

Humani Generis Unitas
, 251

Hungary, 80, 93, 215, 244, 245, 265–66, 356, 383

Husserl, Edmund, 53, 54

Hüttemann, Anneliese, 197

identity cards, for Jews, 254

If I Were the Kaiser
(Class), 34, 76

I. G. Farben, 25–26, 234, 243

Intergovernmental Committee for Refugees, 248–49, 288, 315, 316

Interior Ministry, German, 18, 28, 40, 51, 137, 149, 152, 154, 203, 224, 236, 254, 258, 368

Berthold and, 31, 155–56, 321–22

Population and Race Policy Committee of, 71, 146, 208

Interior Ministry, Prussian, 30, 34, 207

“International Jewry” (Hagen), 313

international opinion, 3

on Jewish refugee problem, 248–51, 263–68, 299–305

on Nazi military advances, 177–78, 311, 330–31

on Nazi programs, 19, 20, 68–70, 146, 181, 213–14, 222, 228–29, 250, 262, 291, 298–99, 300

Isak, David, 125

Israelitisches Familienblatt
, 14, 30

Italy, 115, 177–78, 249, 250, 251, 265, 292, 301, 383

Jäckel, Eberhard, 97, 358

Jacoby, Felix, 16, 55

Japan, 178, 303

Jehovah’s Witnesses, 203

Jesuits, 43, 84, 250–51

Jesus Christ, 177, 296

Jewish, definition of, 27–28

Jewish Chronicle
(London), 146

“Jewish question,” Hitler’s letter on, 72, 96

“Jewish Question as the Task of Historical Research, The” (Grau), 191

“Jew Is Human Too, The” (Weltsch), 130

Jewish War Veterans, 21

Jews:

businesses owned by,
see
businesses, Jewish-owned

card indexes compiled on, 28, 199

conversions of, to Christianity, 43, 46, 47

definition of, 76, 117–20, 148, 149, 152, 220, 367–68;
see also Mischlinge

emancipation of, 80, 82, 85–86

emigration and expulsions of, 9, 12, 55, 61–65, 128, 134, 140–41, 165, 167–70, 179, 200–201, 214, 224–25, 237–38, 244–45, 254, 260, 280, 282–83, 287–88, 299–305, 314–19, 370, 382, 384, 393

expressions of sympathy for, 128–30, 166, 345

German economy and, 77–80, 126–28, 139, 168, 203, 232–39, 260, 363;
see also
businesses, Jewish-owned

identifying signs for, 283, 286, 288, 291

Jung on psyche of, 171–72, 371

marriage between Christians and, 44, 120–22, 138, 142, 146, 148, 149–50, 152, 153, 155, 157–58, 167, 290–91

names and name changes of, 27, 34–35, 36, 125, 135–36, 152, 254–55

as “other,” 84, 107, 116

reactions to Nazi anti-Jewish measures by, 14–17, 19, 20–21, 33, 55, 60–68, 167–73

self-hating, 89

see also
anti-Semitism

Jodl, Alfred, 153

Jogisches, Leo, 91

Jost, Heinz, 198

Judaism in Music (Wagner), 88

Judenkartei, 199

Jüdische Rundschau, 29, 58, 129–30, 168–69, 283–84

Jüdisches Familienblatt, 138–39

Jüdisches Nachrichtenblatt
, 284

Jung, Carl Gustav, 171–72, 371

Jungdeutscher Orden, 103–4, 107

Justice Ministry, German, 29, 36, 114, 125, 146, 162, 206, 208, 254, 260, 264, 270, 276, 307

Kafka, Franz, 300

Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Genetics and Eugenics, 32, 207

Kaiser Wilhelm Society, 51–52, 131

Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur, 109, 133, 134

Kantorowicz, Ernst, 55–56

Kantorowicz, Hermann, 49–50

Kareski, Georg, 61

Karl, Herbert, 246

Kater, Michael, 56, 132

Katz, Jacob, 83

Katznelson, Berl, 64

Keitel, Wilhelm, 236

Kempf, Annemarie, 296

Kennan, George F., 305

Kerrl, Hanns, 29, 120, 154

Kershaw, Ian, 115–16

Kestler, Fritz, 294

Kiel, University of, 49–50, 379

Killy, Leo, 32

Kipnis, Alexander, 14

Kirk, Alexander, 291

Klemperer, Otto, 9

Klemperer, Viktor, 58–59, 126, 145, 324

Klepper, Jochen, 138, 290

Kokoschka, Oskar, 12

Kreisler, Fritz, 133

Kristallnacht pogrom, 20, 70, 153, 236, 258, 261, 269–76, 289, 293, 296, 299, 300, 310, 332, 387, 391

Krojanker, Gustav, 119

Ksinski, Max, 126

Kube, Wilhelm, 154

Kuhn, Richard, 52

Kulka, Otto Dov, 164

Kulturbund deutscher Juden, 65–66, 136, 350

Kun, Béla, 93, 215, 356

Künneth, Walter, 46

labor, compulsory, 319–20

labor camps, 245–46, 247

Labor Ministry, German, 31–32, 208

LaFarge, John, 250–51

Lagarde, Paul de, 87, 219

La grande peur des bien-pensants
(Bernanos), 211–12

Lambert, Raymond-Raoul, 220

Lammers, Hans-Heinrich, 15, 26, 125, 135, 153, 209, 226, 270–71, 289, 331

Landauer, Georg, 317–18

Landsmann, Nathan, 200

Lausegger, Gerhard, 275

Law Against the Overcrowding of German Schools and Universities, 30–31, 38

Law for the Compensation of Damages Caused to the German Reich by Jews, 243

Law for the Defense of German Blood and Honor, 142, 149, 153, 154, 155, 159, 162, 164

Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring, 39–40

Law for the Protection of the Hereditary Health of the German People, 152–53

Law for the Protection of the Republic, 120

Law for the Repeal of Naturalization and Recognition of German Citizenship, 27

Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, 12, 33, 35, 145, 226, 340–41

“Aryan” of, 27–28, 34, 44–45, 46, 117, 344

intermarriage and, 120–22

supplementary decrees to, 31

universities and, 49–60

law profession, Jews in, 28–29, 31, 33, 56, 149, 258, 385

Law Regulating the Position of the Jews, 35

League of Jewish Women, 110

League of Middle-Class Employees and Artisans, 19

League of Nations, 169, 377

Ledochowski, Wladimir, 251

Leewald, Oswald, 117

legislation, anti-Jewish, 17, 117–28, 137, 139–44, 145–73

see also
Nuremberg Laws; specific laws

Lehar, Franz, 133, 134

Lehmann, Margarete, 160

Leiber, Robert, 43

Leipzig University, 145, 193, 228, 321

Lepecki, Mieczyslaw, 219

Levi, Paul, 91

Lichtenberg, Bernhard, 42, 297

Liebehenschel, Arthur, 197

Liebermann, Max, 12

Liebknecht, Karl, 91

Liepmann, Erich, 283–84

Lippmann, Walter, 19

List, Emanuel, 14

Lithuania, 141, 266

Lochner, Louis P., 332–33

Loerke, Oskar, 130

Loewenstein, Hugo, 117

London, 21, 170

Lösener, Bernhard, 147–48, 149, 151, 155, 330

Löwenherz, Joseph, 244, 382

Löwenstein, Leo, 15

Löwy, Alfred, 53

Ludendorff, Erich, 74, 196

Ludwig, Carl, 263

Ludwig, Emil, 34, 182

Luitpold Gymnasium, 92

Luther, Hans, 25

Lutheran Church, 76

Luxemburg, Rosa, 91, 93, 94

Mackensen, August von, 28