Odysseus in America (59 page)

Athena (goddess of war, technology, military strategy), 3, 121-28, 134, 144, 145, 256, 257, 259, 272
n

as “The Soldier's Friend,” 231

and Trojan Horse incident, 233, 234, 298
n

Athens:

tragic theater of, 152-53

tyranny of foreign policy of, 301
n

war memorial practices of, 5, 287
n

Athens, Lonnie H., 282
n

atrocities and torture:

division of labor and, 286
n

effect of, 224-25, 283
n

attachments, 157, 158, 175, 176

Auftragstaktik,
see
positive leadership

Australian Vietnam Veterans mortality study, 290
n

Autolycus (maternal grandfather of Odysseus), 142, 143, 282
n

Baldwin, David, Web site, 262

Balkans conflict, 252

barbiturates, 38

Beam, T. E., 291
n

benzodiazepines, 38

Bernard, Carl, 283
n,
297
n

Betts, Richard K., 294
n,
298
n

biē
(violent force), 14, 46, 47, 48, 151, 161, 205, 243

mētis
and, 206

bin Laden, Osama, 95, 161, 285
n

bipolar affective disorder, 40, 161

“black syph,” 70, 115

Bliese, P.D., 287
n

boar-tusk helmet, Odysseus', 282
n

body, 162, 247-48

Bonus Army, 155

boredom, 45

Born on the Fourth of July
(movie), 73-74

Bourdieu, Pierre, 295
n

bow and axe heads, contest of, 134, 258-59

Boyd, John R., 291
n

brain, 162, 247-48, 300
n,
301
n

breakdowns:

cohesion and, 220

confidence and, 218

of veterans, 57-58

breast cancer, 188-89

Bremner, Douglas J., 276
n,
282
n

Brescia, Italy, 250

Bullman, T. A., 290
n

Bush, George W., 236

bushido,
91

Byrd, James, Jr., 194, 290
n

Calypso (minor goddess, the “hider”), 65, 113-14, 118, 256, 257

Canby, Steven, 215, 218, 294
n-
95
n,
296
n

captivity, modern battle as condition of, 160

Carey, Christopher, 287
n-
88
n

Cassandra (Trojan princess and seer), 234

casualties:

aversion to, 213-14

leadership and, 225

reduction of, 205

replacement system and, 209

cattle rustling, 278
n

“Catwoman” (VWAR), 193

character:

damage to, 156-62, 301
n

leadership and, 227

Charney, Dennis S., 282
n

Charybdis,
see
Scylla and Charybdis

childhood trauma, 143, 144, 248

and self-mutilation, 271
n

children of veterans, 68, 69, 84, 155, 175

of suicides, 196

China, Communist, leadership practices of, 226

Christian church:

love and fear in scriptures of, 212

penance in, 152

Ciconians (inhabitants of Ismarus), 269
n,
270
n

Circe (minor goddess, witch), 38, 66-67, 69-73, 75, 76, 83, 96-98, 236, 237, 257

civilian leaders, creation and maintenance of trust by, 206

civilians, 31

alcohol and drug dependence among, 36, 40

Odysseus' encounter with, 12-14, 17

soldiers as viewed by, 13

veterans as viewed by, 152-56

veteran view of, 135-36, 144

civil society, 249

Civil War veterans, 155

Clarke, Howard, 278
n

Clausewitz, Carl von, 251

Clay, Jenny Strauss, 268
n,
280
n

Cleland, Max, 150

client vs. patient, 285
n-
86
n

clinicians, veteran trust in, 167

Clopper, M., 287
n

Clytemnestra (wife and murderer of Agamemnon), 65, 75

cocaine, 38, 94

cohesion, 229

COHORT program, 214-17

combat performance and, 208-10, 211

esprit de corps and, 211, 293
n

ethics and, 220-21

fear reduced by, 210-11

love and, 211

psychologically protective effect of, 5-6, 212, 219

trustworthiness of leaders and, 228

unit associations and, 221-22

Cohesion, Operational Readiness, Training program,
see
COHORT program, U.S. Army

Cohesion: The Human Element in Combat
(Henderson), 213

COHORT program, U.S. Army, 214-17, 222, 293
n

collective security, and abolition of war, 252

collective skills, 218-19

combat mode:

of soldiers, 21

of veterans, 20, 22, 27, 33

combat performance:

cohesion and, 208-10, 211

replacement system and, 209, 210

“right stuff” theory of, 212, 214, 293
n

combat strength multiplier effect, 205

of leadership, 225, 227

of training, 223

of trust, 291
n

of unit cohesion, 210, 216, 217

combat training centers, 222-23

combat veterans:

attitude toward government, 47

Australian, 290
n

boredom, intolerance of, 45

Civil War, 155

criminal activities of, 26, 27, 30-31, 33, 34, 46

danger-seeking behavior of, 44-45, 50

drug and alcohol abuse by, 38, 40, 271
n

emotions suppressed by, 39, 137-38

fears for loss of sanity in, 108

forgetfulness of, 37-38

German, 59, 295
n-
96
n

grief of, for lost comrades, 35, 85

guilt and remorse of, 109-10, 112

Israeli, 50

Korean War, 155

Revolutionary War, 154-55

Vietnam,
see
Vietnam veterans

World War I,
see
World War I veterans

World War II,
see
World War II veterans

combined arms, 96-97

Commandant of the Marine Corps Trust Study,
211, 290
n

command climate, 240

communalization of trauma, circle of, 243-44, 299
n

community:

for combat veterans, 33, 91, 92, 109

community (
cont.
):

four Vs of, 291
n

recovery in, 4, 5, 162, 168, 175-76, 178
see also
cohesion

competence:

ethics and, 223-24

trust and, 224

complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (complex PTSD), 4, 64, 152, 246

grieving and recovery from, 174

narcissism and, 161

prevention of, 242

repetitive cycling in, 285
n

social conditions and, 160

social-relational aspects of, 288
n

social trust destroyed in, 151, 166

spontaneous recovery from, 178

treatment of, 178

Condon, Corky (VWAR), xiii, 181

Condon, Robert E., 181

confession, sacramental, 153-54

confidence:

of leader, and fear in troops, 211

training and, 218

Connor, W. R., 270
n

Constant, Benjamin, 19

Continental Army veterans, 154, 155

Cook, Erwin, 143, 247, 268
n,
269
n,
270
n,
271
n,
27
n,
273
n,
278
n,
279
n,
282
n,
299
n

Cosmides, Leda, 300
n-
301
n

Cotton, R. C., 292
n

courage:

cohesive unit and, 210, 211

Pericles' notion of, 236

religious thought and, 212

courting gifts, contest of the, 130, 131

cowardice, deception and, 236

Crelinsten, Ronald D., 286
n

criminal activities of combat veterans, 26, 27, 30-31, 33, 34, 46

Croker, L. P., 270
n

crowds, fear of, 150

cultural therapy, 152, 153

culture, 162, 247-48, 300
n

Cunliffe, R. J., 284
n

Cushman, John H., 40-41

Cyclops, 42-50, 61, 236, 256, 271
n

Damasio, Antonio R., 290
n

Dane, A., 72
n

danger:

veteran attraction to, 39, 44-45, 50, 160

veteran expectation of, 245

Danieli, Yael, 80, 276
n,
287
n

David, king of Israel, 212

Davis, Jeff, 296
n

dead, Odysseus among the, 76-80, 82-84, 174, 257

deadly fjord, in
Odyssey,
60-64, 236, 256

Dean, Eric, 285
n

death, fascination with, 91-92

dedication, in workplace, 57

Defense Department, U.S.:

Armed Forces Day posters distributed by, 206-7

Institute for Defense Analyses, 215

Defense and the National Interest
Web site, 297

deference, honor and, 250

democracy, 161, 249-50

giant
thumos
in, 243

healing and prevention of trauma in, 243

leadership practices and, 226-27

peace and, 301
n

and reforms in military culture, 229-30

veteran participation in, 177

Demodocus (Phaeacian bard), 233

demoralization, 160

dēmos,
104

depression, 118, 161

Detienne, Marcel, 92, 297
n

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM),
149, 164

Dien Bien Phu, 234-35

Dienikes (Dionikes), 210, 293
n

Dimock, George E., Jr., 268
n,
282
n

Diomedes (Greek warrior), 140, 231-32, 233

dishonor, 95, 156

divorce, 69

“Dodger Song” (Guthrie), 108

Dolchstoss von hinten
(“stab in the back”), 95, 277
n

dolos,
132

downers, 38, 39

drug dependence and abuse,
see
alcohol and substance abuse

“Druid” (VWAR), 181

DSM
(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders),
149, 164

Dumézil, Georges, 153, 283
n

Dunbar, Robin, 300
n

du Picq, Ardant, 208, 212, 292
n

Dupuy, Trevor N., 292
n,
295
n

eating, forbidden or demeaning, 270
n

Ebert, Friedrich, 277
n

economic success of veterans, 136, 154-55

Edmonds, W. T., Jr. (VWAR), 182, 191

educational activities, by veterans, 175

Edwards, Mark W., 280
n

11th Armored Cavalry Regiment (“Blackhorse”), 215, 223

Elpenor (crewman of Odysseus), 79-80

e-mail groups,
see
Internet discussion groups

emotions, suppression of, 39, 108-9, 137-38, 158

by Odysseus, 132, 137

employment and career opportunities of veterans, 20-22, 25, 26, 30, 56-59, 84, 94

and disvaluing of skills, 136

and hiring preferences, 51-52

enslavement and torture, modern battle as condition of, 160

entitlement, 160

Epios, 298
n

Erasmus, Desiderius (Erasmus of Rotterdam), 46

erratic behavior, 30

esprit de corps, cohesion and, 211, 293
n

ethics, 248

cohesion and, 220-21

competence and, 223-24

leadership and, 227-30

power and, 242

training and, 223-25

ethnic conflict, 252

Eumaeus (swineherd, servant of Odysseus), 124, 126-29, 257, 259, 274
n

Eupithes (father of suitor Antinous), 145

Euripides, 78, 236

Eurybates (Odysseus' herald at Troy), 133, 280
n

Eurycleia (Odysseus' wet nurse), 65

recognition of Odysseus by, 133, 134, 142, 258

Eurylochus (crewman, kinsman of Odysseus), 66, 101

Eurymachus (most respectable suitor of Penelope), 130

Eustathius, 122

Exodus, 102

expiation, 153

Fagles, Robert, 267
n,
268
n

Fallon Naval Air Station, 223

fame (
kleos
), as motive, 48

families, 84

attachments to, 175

information resources for, 261-62

of suicides, 196

support of, as source of courage, 212

family support programs, on military bases, 221

fear:

cohesive unit and, 210-11

deception and, 236

religious thought and, 212

Feifs, Helmuts (VWAR), 190

Felson-Rubin, Nancy, 143, 281
n,
282
n

financial success of veterans,
see
economic success of veterans

First Friday Defense Lunch, 294
n

First Marine Division Association, 41

Fish, Lydia (VWAR), 180, 200, 201, 288
n

Fisher, L. M., 287
n

Fitzgerald, Robert, 267
n,
270
n

flashbacks, 29, 38, 93-94

Flores, Henry (VWAR), 186

Flower, H. I., 273
n

Fontana, Biancamaria, 269
n

foreknowledge, in military leadership, 231

forgetfulness, 37-39, 89

and healing, 299
n-
300
n

personification of, 92

Fortunate Son: The Healing of a Vietnam Vet
(Puller), 5, 179, 183

forward observer, 22, 23, 25

France, surrender of, at Dien Bien Phu, 234

Freikorps (proto-Nazi death squads), 222, 296
n

friendship, 158, 159

Friends of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, 195