Odysseus in America (60 page)

frigidity, 273
n

Fukuyama, Francis, 156, 249, 284
n,
297
n,
299
n,
301
n

Gal, Reuven, 225, 291
n,
293
n,
295
n,
296
n

Galloway, Joseph L., 277
n

GAR,
see
Grand Army of the Republic

Gardner, John, 273
n

Gardner, R., 272
n

Garvey, Mary, 79

gastēr
(stomach, hunger), 12-13

Gates of Fire
(Pressfield), 210

genocide, 251

geras
(Greek military prize of honor), 239, 267
n

German army:

cohesion in, 209, 212-13

demobilization in 1918, 295
n

in Weimar Republic, 295
n

Germany:

Freikorps death squads in, 222, 296
n

leadership practices in, 226

“stab-in-the-back” mentality in, 95, 273
n

veteran employment opportunities in, 59

Gibbs, Philip, 20

GI Bill, 135

Gibson, James William, 22

gift exchange, 274
n

Glass, Albert J., 293
n

“going native,” 166

Golden, Leon, 283
n

Golden Calf, 102

Goodall, Jane, 301
n

Gould, John P.A., 275
n

government:

hiring preferences of, 51

veteran attitudes toward, 47, 177

Grand Army of the Republic (GAR), 41

grandiosity, 160

Graves, Robert, 31-32

Greely, J. N., 292
n

grief, 35, 85

function of, 80-81

and recovery, 168, 169

and visit to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, 170, 174

Griffis, Sally (VWAR), xiv, 197

group therapies, 168-69, 174, 177

at Vietnam Veterans Memorial, 173

“Guardians” of the state, Aristotle's notion of, 157

Gudmundsson, Bruce I., 277
n,
295
n

guest-gifts, 119, 274
n

guilt, 109-10, 112, 152

existential functions of, 80

and penance, 153

survivor, 76, 78-80

ways of living with, 154

Gulf War, 220

Guthrie, Woody, 108

Haber, Samuel, 292
n

Hainsworth, Brian, 282
n

Hall, H. Palmer (VWAR), 194, 288
n-
89
n

Halverson, R. R., 287
n

Harvey, Mary, 175

Harvey, M. R., 287
n

Haubold, Johannes, 6, 268
n

health, worries about, 88-89, 160

Hector (Trojan commander in chief, killed by Achilles), 231, 267
n

Hedrick, C., 270
n,
279
n,
285
n,
299
n

Hegel, G. W. R, 156, 249

Helen of Troy, 37, 65, 66, 89, 231

and Trojan Horse ruse, 233

Helios (sun god), 102, 272
n

Heller, Charles E., 295
n

Henderson, William D., 213, 292
n

Herakles, 299
n

Herman, Judith, 168, 243, 271
n,
283
n,
286
n

Hermes (messenger god and trickster), 66-67, 69

heroes, 2, 242-43

heroin, 38, 94-95

Hesiod, 92, 299
n-
300
n

Hesk, John, 275
n,
279
n,
285
n,
298
n

Heubeck, Alfred, 99, 278
n

Hexter, Ralph, 273
n

hiring preferences, 51-52

Hitler, Adolf, 161, 273
n,
285
n

Hobbes, Thomas, 156

hobos, 155

Hoekstra, A., 278
n

Hoffman, George “Sonny,” 86, 105, 276
n

holy, experience of the, 242, 287
n

home, idea of, 245-46

homecoming:

Odyssey
as allegory of, 1, 2, 3, 36, 106

of veterans, 56

Homer, 103, 278
n

honor, 95, 156

deference and, 250

in the
Iliad,
250

for military personnel, 252

Hoover, Herbert, 155

Hoplite ideology, 298
n

Horace (legendary Roman warrior Horatius), 153

Hornblower, Simon, 275
n

hospitality and generosity, testing of, 129

hubris,
law on, 161

Hudnall-Stamm, Beth, 276
n

human nature, 162, 247, 248, 251

Hurbis-Cherrier, Katherine, 270
n

Hurbis-Cherrier, Mick, 270
n

hypochondria, 88-89, 160

ideals, 157

and recovery, 168, 174

IDF,
see
Israel Defense Forces

idiōtes
(those ignorant of public affairs), 7

Iliad,
xv, 6, 61, 62, 77, 82, 105, 140

Achilles' portrayal in, 237, 243

Agamemnon's portrayal in, 239-40

audience for, 104

author of, 103

biē
of Achilles in, 205

fascination of death in, 91-92

funeral games for, 243

mētis
in, 235

Odysseus' portrayal in, 238

Odysseus' reconnaissance in, 231-32

Sirens as voice of, 89

surface story of, 267
n

themis
betrayed in, 206

violence and honor in, 250

incarceration, of Vietnam veterans, 27

income, of Vietnam veterans, 136

individual replacement system, in U.S. military services,
see
replacement system, in U.S. military services

injury, PTSD as, 149-50

IN MEMORY program, 195-96

insomnia, 38, 39, 54-55, 246

Institute for Defense Analyses, 215, 302
n

institutional validation, 168-69

“Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field” (Lieber), 225

intergenerational transmission of trauma, 175

Internet discussion groups, 5, 41, 178-80, 198-201

IN TOUCH program, 196

Ion
(Plato), 103

Iphigenia, 102, 112

irony, Homeric (or lack of), 69, 101, 272
n,
278
n

Ismarus, raid on, 20, 26, 32, 34, 35, 43, 61, 236, 256, 269
n

isothumos
(equal citizenship honor; not an ancient Greek term, modern coinage), 161, 250

Israel:

aversion to military casualties in, 213

leadership practices in, 226

veterans, 50

Israel Defense Force (IDF):

breakdowns in, 218

cohesion in, 213, 219

Ithaca, Odysseus' return to, 3-4, 121, 124

jargon and speech rhythms, of combat veterans, 89-91

jobs,
see
employment and career opportunities of veterans

Jodies, 124, 136

Johnson, Lyndon, 103

Jones, F. D., 291
n,
293
n,
296
n

Jones, Franklin, 225

jus ad bellum,
291
n

jus in bello,
291
n

jus in militaribus,
291
n

justice, divine, 105, 124, 272
n

Kang, H. K., 290
n

Kant, Immanuel, 249, 252, 301
n

katharsis,
153

Kelley, Michael, 290
n

Kelman, Herbert C., 286
n

kerameikos
(Athens's military cemetery), 5, 287
n

Kerrey, Bob, 110-12, 154, 279
n,
283
n,
297
n

guilt as motivation for, 152

on Puller's death, 183

Khe Sanh, siege of, 235

king or steward of the winds (Aeolus), 52-56, 59, 256

Kirkland, Fans R., 168, 216, 217, 287
n,
291
n,
294
n

Kissinger, Henry, 103

Kitfield, James, 222

Klann, Gerhard, 110-12

kleos
(fame), as motive, 48, 297
n

Kohut, Heinz, 156, 284
n

Korean War:

replacement system in, 209-10

veterans of, 155

Koziak, Barbara, 299
n

Krulak, Charles C., 223, 296
n

Kulka, Richard A., 270
n,
281
n

Laertes (father of Odysseus), 132, 145

Odysseus' reunion with, 138-39, 143-44, 259

Laestiygonians, 60, 61, 63, 64, 236, 256

Laird, Melvin, 90

language, 247

Laocoön (Trojan leader), 234

Larsenn, S., 290
n

Lateiner, Donald, 280
n

Law enforcement, veteran career opportunities in, 22

“lawful combatant,” 110, 224

lawfulness, in conduct of nations, 250

Lawrence, T. E. (Lawrence of Arabia), 42, 44

Lazenby, John F., 279
n

leaders,
see
civilian leaders; military leaders Leakey, Richard, 300
n

lēthe
(forgetting), 92

Leukos (soldier of Odysseus, killed in
Iliad
), 140

Lewis, Mark, 296
n

Lidz, Brett T., 281
n

Lieber, Francis, 225

Lieber Code, 225

Linderman, Gerald F., 212, 293
n

Lloyd, Janet, 277
n

Longinus, 278
n

Lotus Eaters, land of, 36, 38, 41, 256

love:

among military comrades, 196, 211, 212, 269
n

philia (philotēs
in Homer) and, 158-59

“Love and Whores” (Spector), 71-72

Luttwak, Edward, 293
n

lying and deceit:

cowardice and, 236

fear and, 236

as military skills, 151

of Odysseus, 121-22, 126, 127, 132, 151, 237

in Trojan Horse incident, 233-34

Lynch, James (VWAR), xiv, 197

MacArthur, Douglas, 64

Makary, C., 287
n

Mallory, Jack (VWAR), xiv, 186, 288

manic-depressive behavior, 40

Marine Corps, cult of death in, 91

Marine Expeditionary Units (Special Operations Capable), 220

marriages, of veterans, 57, 59, 68, 69, 84, 94

intimacy and sex in, 114, 116-18

suppression of emotion in, 137

Marshall, George C., 108-9, 295
n

Martin, Richard P., 299
n

Mason, Patience C. H., 137, 262, 281
n

Mason, Robert, 281
n

Masters of Truth in Archaic Greece, The
(Detienne), 92

materialism, 247

Matsakis, Aphrodite, 39, 118, 137, 262, 271
n,
279
n,
281
n

McBride, Bill, Web site, 261

McCarthyism, era of, 155

McCombs, Mike, Sr., 188-89

McGlew, James R, 285
n,
299
n

McMaster, H. R., 278
n

McNamara, Robert, 102

McVeigh, Timothy, 95

MedEvac, 23, 29, 199

medicinal purgation, 153

megalomania, 161

megalothymia, 299
n

Mehlum, L., 290
n

Melantho (faithless maid), 131-32

memorial validation, 169

memory, 92

loss of authority over, 38

resuscitative function of, 80

and truth of Kerrey mission, 111

Menelaus (king of Sparta, husband of Helen), 37, 104, 140

Telemachus' visit with, 231

mental clarification, 153

mental health professionals, 177-78

“Mentes” (Athena in disguise), 144

“Mentor” (Athena in disguise), 145

meritocracy, 104, 279
n

mētis
(cunning, deception), 14, 46, 47, 125, 151, 161, 205, 231, 243, 272
n,
297
n

biē
and, 206

in Iliad,
235

of Penelope, 74-75

Meyer, Edward “Shy,” 226

Milford, L., 284
n

military education and training, 214-16, 222-23, 229

and cohesion, 211

COHORT program, 214-17

ethics and, 223-25

recommendations for, 265

retraining component of, 217-18

military intelligence, in Vietnam War, 234-35

military leaders, 61-62, 225-27, 229

abuse of authority by, 224

betrayal of “what's right” by, 240

careerism of, 167, 228, 264, 286
n

and COHORT program, 217

creation and maintenance of trust by, 206, 226, 227

ethics and, 227-30

“going native,” 166

love and fear in, 211

Odysseus, 6-7, 61, 62, 231, 236-37, 241

and prevention of psychological injury, 6-7, 225

truthfulness of, 228

and U.S. defeat in Vietnam, 103

military personnel policy:

on career management systems, 286
n

obsolete assumptions about, 263

and prevention of psychological injury, 5-6

recommendations for, 265-66

on retirement system, 265

military service, peace and, 252

military unit associations, 40-41, 91, 92, 265

and prevention of psychological injury, 221-22

Web site, 261

Miller, William I., 272
n,
279
n,
293
n

mind, 162, 247-48

money, veterans' lack of interest in, 57

Moore, Harold G., 277
n

moral education of citizens, arts and, 242

More, Thomas, 19

Morris, Ian, 279
n

Morrison, A. P., 284
n

mortality, awareness of, 248

Mortality of Vietnam Veterans—The Veteran Cohort Study 1997,
290
n

MOS (military occupation specialty), 209

Moses, 102

motivational tools, Agamemnon's, 240