Odysseus in America (62 page)

sedatives, 38

Segal, Charles, 92, 269
n,
275
n,
277
n,
278
n,
280
n

self-care, 38, 88, 160

recovery and, 168, 176

self-control, 152

self-deception, 234

self-loathing, 160

self-medication, 38, 39, 40, 94

self-motivation, 215

self-mutilation, 271
n

self-respect, 157, 160

self-worth, sense of, 157

Serbia, 273
n

SERE (Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape), 28

7th Infantry Division (Light), 216

Severo, R., 284
n

sex, love and, 211

sexaholism, 39, 118

sexual experiences:

of soldiers in Vietnam, 70-72, 115-16

of veterans, 72-73, 114, 116-18

shame, 158

“Sharkbait” (VWAR), 195

Sheehan, Neil, 280
n,
283
n

Shelby, Jim, 1, 268
n

Shin, L. M., 282
n

simple Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (simple PTSD), 4, 151

as disability, 150

recovery from, 64

survival adaptations and, 40, 149-50

treatment outcome in, 286
n

Sinon (Greek double agent), 233, 234

Sirens, 86-87, 89, 91, 92, 95, 96, 257

sleep disorders, 38, 39, 54-55, 246

slums, American, deference and honor in, 250

Sober, E., 300
n

sobriety, recovery and, 38, 168, 176, 199

social animal, man as, 248

society, 162, 247-48

size of, and warfare, 251

Sophocles, 78, 275
n

SORTS (Status of Resources and Training System), 294
n

“Southie Marine Regiment,” 85

Southwick, Steven M., 282
n

sovereign states, 301
n

Sparta, 124, 126, 231, 281
n

Spawforth, Anthony, 275
n

Spector, Dennis, 71-72, 73-74, 152, 208, 274
n,
292
n

Spinney, Franklin C., 297
n

Spirit, Blood, and Treasure: The American Cost of Battle in the 21st Century
(Vandergriff, ed.), 291
n

spontaneous recovery, 178

spying, 231, 237

Stanford, W. B., 6-7, 78, 242, 269
n,
271
n,
275
n,
280
n,
299
n

Starry, Donn A., 210, 211

Status of Resources and Training System (SORTS), 294
n

Status Warriors
(van Wees), 250

Stewart, Nora Kinzer, 210, 293
n

stimulants, 38

Stofft, William A., 295
n

Strott, Jerry, 189

Strott, Judee (VWAR), 189-90, 289
n

Stubbings, F. H., 270
n

subsidiarity, principle of, 249

substance abuse,
see
alcohol and substance abuse

substantive validation, 168, 169

“Suezq” (VWAR), 192

suffering, disclosure of, in group therapies, 174

Suffering Soldiers
(Resch), 154

suggestibility, 160

suicide, 54, 93-95, 290
n-
91
n

and families of veterans, 196

of Lewis B. Puller, Jr., 179, 180-98

suitors of Penelope, 123, 124, 129-32, 145, 245, 255, 258

in bow and axe heads contest, 134, 259

courting gifts of, 131

danger to Odysseus from, 126

suitors of Penelope (
cont.
)

Odysseus' first encounter with, 129, 136

Odysseus' food eaten by, 45, 135

Penelope's flirtation with, 129-30

slaughter of, 259

Sultan, Nancy, 143, 282
n

Summers, Harry G., 183

sun god,
see
Helios

sun god's cattle, 100-102, 107, 236, 257

Sun Tzu, 231

Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE), 28

survival adaptations, 40, 54, 97, 149-50

and suppression of emotion, 137

and veterans' feelings of threat, 63-64

survivor guilt, 76, 78-80

Sykes, Tom (VWAR), xiv, 183, 288
n

Talmud, 253

tank crews:

cohesion of, 219

training of, 217-18

Taylor, Fredrick Winslow, 209

team skills, 218-19

Tegtmeier, John, 290
n

Web site, 261

Teiresias (prophet, seer), 96, 135, 145, 257

Telemachus (son of Odysseus), 36-37, 126-31, 144, 145, 255, 257-59, 280
n,
281
n

Odysseus' reunion with, 127

in visit to Menelaus, 231

Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 30-31, 45

10th Mountain Division, 220

Tet Offensive, 29, 30, 93, 235

Tet Offensive: Intelligence Failure in War, The
(Wirtz), 234-35

Thanh Phong, 110, 279
n,
283
n

Thayer, Thomas C., 296
n

theater, Athenian, 152-53

themis,
206, 248

Theogony
(Hesiod), 299
n-
300
n

therapies

art, 243, 244

and forgetting, 299
n

group,
see
group therapies for moral pain, 152

Three Fighting Men (statuary group), 244

thrill-seeking behavior, 39, 44-45, 50, 160

Thrinacia, island of, 96, 100, 101

Thucydides, 235-36

thumos
(spirit, fighting spirit, heart), 12-13, 46, 247, 277
n,
284
n

as character, 156-62

giant, 243, 249-50

injury to, 156-62, 248

leadership and, 227

and megalothymia, 299
n

as narcissism, 156, 159-62

power and damage to, 242

restoration of, 162

Tillson, John C. F., 215, 218, 294
n-
95
n,
296
n,
302
n

timē
(honor), 104

Tooby, John, 300
n-
301
n

“To Perpetual Peace” (Kant), 249

torture,
see
atrocities and torture

Tracy, Stephen V., 301
n

tragedy,
katharsis
and, 153

tragic theater, Athenian, 152-53

trauma:

of Achilles, 243

arts and healing of, 244

childhood, 143-44, 248, 271
n

communalization of, 243-44, 299
n

and experience of the holy, 287
n

healing and prevention of, in democracy, 243

and heroes, 243

of Odysseus, 140-44, 243

post-traumatic,
see
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

pre-military, 142, 144

secondary, 83, 276
n

and thumos, 161, 248

trust destroyed by, 176

Web site, 262

Trauma and Recovery
(Herman), 243

trauma studies, influence of, 246-49

treatment, 4, 30, 178, 286
n
see also
Veterans Improvement Program

Tritle, Lawrence, 85, 276
n,
287
n

Trojan Horse, 233-36, 298
n

trust, 229, 287
n

betrayal of, 158

capacity for, 162

cohesion and, 219

as combat strength multiplier, 291
n

in community, 175-76

competence and, 224

destruction of, in veterans, xv, 4, 59, 64, 151, 152, 156, 166

military leadership and, 226-28

in military organization, 206

Odysseus' lack of, 237

protection of capacity for, 205

Spector on, 292
n

truth-telling and, 211, 228

of veterans, in clinicians, 167

truth, 87, 89, 91-93, 95

of Kerrey mission, 111

maintenance of trust and, 211, 228

tyranny, 251

of Athens's foreign policy, 301
n

trauma survivors and, 244

Ulmer, Walter, Jr., 229

Ulysses:

meaning of name, 143
see also
Odysseus

Ulysses
(Tennyson), 30-31, 45

underworld, Odysseus in the, 76-80, 82-84, 174, 257

Unit Manning System, 293
n
see also
COHORT program, U.S. Army

Unit Manning System Field Evaluation, 215

unready, unit's status as, 294
n

uppers, 38, 39

U.S. Army Institute for Behavioral and Social Sciences, 210, 292
n

Utopia
(More), 19

Valium, 38

value, veteran need for, 245-46

van Creveld, Martin, 209, 212-13, 214, 292
n,
293
n

Vandergriff, Donald, 6, 266, 291
n,
292
n,
294
n,
296
n

Vann, John Paul, 283
n

van Wees, Hans, 250, 277
n,
279
n,
300
n

venereal diseases, 70, 115

Verkamp, Bernard J., 283
n

Vernant, Jean-Pierre, 277
n,
297
n

Versailles Treaty, 295
n

Vet Centers Web site, 262

Veteran Comes Back, The
(Waller), 121

veteran narratives (pseudonymous):

Airborne reconnaissance sergeant, and sleep, 54

Doc, 93-95

Farmer, 58, 90-91

Leban, 31

Life-a-mission, 56-57

Line, 87-89, 91

Mercer, Bear, 22-26

River, 53

sunny picnic, 64

tank veteran, 81-82, 125-26

train station beggar, 63

Wilson (composite), 68-69

Wiry, 27-31, 114-18

veteran narratives (real names):

Garvey, Mary, 79

Hoffman, George “Sonny,” 86

Spector, Dennis, 71-74

Viehman, Michael, 178-79

veterans,
see
combat veterans; Vietnam veterans; World War I veterans; World War II veterans

Veterans Administration Clinic, Boston, 164

Veterans Improvement Program (VIP), VA Clinic, Boston, 164-78, 180, 200-201

Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW), 40, 155

veterans' service organizations, 40, 41, 221-22

VFW,
see
Veterans of Foreign Wars

Viehman, Michael (VWAR), 178, 184-85

Viehman, Michele (VWAR), 185, 194

Viet Cong, 23, 25, 28, 68, 70, 93, 110, 213, 283
n

Viet Minh, 131, 155

Vietnam civilians, killing of, 110-12

Vietnam Dog Handlers Association, 183

Vietnamese, use of American arms by, 131

Vietnam veterans:

acceptance needed by, 245

bitterness of, 102

bragging and threats of, 122

and changes in society, 246

civilian occupations of, 20

civilians as viewed by, 135-36, 144

civilian view of, 152, 154-56

in combat mode, 20, 22, 27

criminal behavior of, 27, 30-31, 33, 34

danger expected by, 245

danger-seeking behavior of, 44-45

disorientation of, 120-21

exploitation expected by, 167

Vietnam veterans (
cont.
)

at family celebrations, 16

family income of, 136

feelings of threat and vulnerability in, 63-64, 99, 133-34

future of, 246

guilt and remorse of, 79, 109-10, 112

health worries of, 88-89

hostility toward women by, 65, 67, 68, 70, 73, 74, 136

information resources for, 261-62

job histories of, 56-59

marriages of,
see
marriages, of veterans

meaning of home to, 245-46

officers remembered by, 167

persistence of survival adaptations in, 40

political left's treatment of, 249

political right's treatment of, 249

postwar losses of, 84-85

pre-military trauma of, 142, 144

psychological injuries of, 1-2

recovery from psychological injuries of, 4, 5

safety needed by, 245

secondary traumatization of, 83

self-image of, 83

stereotype of, 34, 103

substance abuse of, 36

suppression of emotions by, 39, 137

treatment of,
see
treatment

troubled consciences of, 83

trust destroyed in, xv, 4, 64

truth as obsession of, 87-88, 95

value and respect needed by, 245-46

and World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks, 253

Vietnam veterans, case studies of:

Doc, drug abuse and death of, 93-95

Farmer, perfectionism of, 58, 90-91

Linc, search for truth by, 87-88, 89, 91, 92, 95

Mercer, Bear, in civilian uniformed service, 22-26

River, work experience of, 53

Timmy's friend, memory and grief of, 81-82

Wilson, hostility to women shown by, 68, 69

Wiry, criminal activities, incarceration, and sexual activities of, 27-31, 114-18

Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Washington, D.C., 5, 163, 201, 244

veteran visits to, 169-73, 178-79

Web sites, 261

Vietnam War:

American self-deception in, 234

battle deaths and leadership experience in, 225

cohesion and unit integrity in, 213

as defeat, 293
n

Khe Sanh siege in, 235

reform in military training after, 222

replacement system in, 214, 219

Tet Offensive in, 29, 30, 93, 235

Vietnam War Almanac
(Summers), 183

Vietnam War protesters, 155

Vietnam Wives: Facing the Challenges of Life with Veterans Suffering Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
(Matsakis), 39, 118, 137, 262

violence, 26, 32, 68, 69, 158

and honor, 250

philos
and, 159, 249

and pre-military trauma, 142

VIP,
see
Veterans Improvement Program

Virgil (Roman poet, author of
Aeneid
), 233

Virtual Wall Web site, 193, 261

volunteer work, by veterans, 175