Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine (61 page)

^43.
ava
elet
, October 19, 1908.

^44.
Al-Husayni and other religious leaders, including the Jewish chief rabbi of the city and Greek Orthodox and Armenian representatives, gave rousing speeches, and telegrams of protest were sent to all the European capitals.
ava
elet
, October 19, 1908.

^45.
November 20, 1908, letter in Eliav,
Be-
asut Austria.
The Austro-Hungarian consul complained to the governor and Greek Orthodox patriarch, and received apologies.

^46.
Salah-al-Din would reemerge on numerous occasions in Palestinian Arab political consciousness, particularly vis-a-vis the emerging conflict with Zionism.

^47.
Quataert, “Ottoman Boycott Against Austria-Hungary,” 145.

^48.
See
Al-Itti
ād al-‘Uthmānī
, October 15, 1908.

^49.
Çetinkaya, “Economic Boycott as a Political Weapon,” 93.

^50.
Rössler (Jaffa) to Marschall von Biebenstern (Istanbul), October 14, 1908. ISA 67, peh/415:31.

^51.
Rössler (Jaffa) to Marschall von Biebenstern (Istanbul), October 15 and 17, 1908. ISA 67, peh/415:31. In periods that the local European and American consuls considered “restless” or detected anti-Christian or anti-European sentiment on the part of the local population or officials, a visit by a European or American warship past the port of Jaffa was requested to pacify the locals and reassert European power.

^52.
From German Embassy in Istanbul to German chancellor, December 15, 1908. ISA 67, peh/415:31.

^53.
ISA 67, peh/533: 1491–93.

^54.
Çetinkaya, “Economic Boycott as a Political Weapon,” 88.

^55.
Rössler to Kaymakam, November 9 and 20, 1908; Rössler to German Embassy, Istanbul, November 24, 1908. ISA 67, peh/415:31.

^56.
From Jaffa Consulate to Jerusalem Consulate, November 22, 24, and 25, 1908. ISA 67, peh/415:31.

^57.
The Austrian consul claimed that Jaffa's boatmen were ready to go back to work unloading Austrian ships but were waiting for a signal from the government. See November 20, 1908, letter, December 4, 1908, letter from Austria's Beirut consul to Jerusalem consul, and December 10, 1908, letter, in Eliav,
Be-
asut Austria.

^58.
Çetinkaya, “Economic Boycott as a Political Weapon,” 203–5; Quataert, “Ottoman Boycott Against Austria-Hungary,” 130;
and Ha-
vi
, October 30, 1908.

^59.
Ha-
vi
, October 27, 1908, and October 29, 1908. Their wish was not granted, for the Ottoman state never declared war on Austria-Hungary over the annexation, preferring instead to pursue diplomacy.

^60.
Darwaza,
Mudhakkirat
, 185; and Çetinkaya, “Economic Boycott as a Political Weapon,” 113.

^61.
ISA 67, peh/533:i491; Quataert, “Ottoman Boycott Against Austria-Hungary,” 142; May 25, 1909, letter, in Eliav,
Be-
asut Austria.
Quataert reports that the Austrian shipping line lost 1.8 million Kronen empire-wide.

^62.
Commercial report of the vice-consulate in Jaffa, 1908 (no date); May 25, 1909, letter; December 10, 1908, letter; in Eliav,
Be-
asut Austria
, 360–63.