Swallow This (35 page)

Chopping board debate: Plastic and wooden cutting boards, Dean O. Cliver, http://faculty.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/faculty/docliver/Research/cuttingboard.htm

‘Over 6,000 chemicals are used to make food packaging’: Introduction, Chemical Risk Assessment,
Food Packaging Forum
, 26 February 2014, http://www.foodpackagingforum.org/food-packaging-health/chemical-risk-assessment

Food Packaging Forum: FPF About Us, http://www.foodpackagingforum.org/about-us

‘Recently warned that 175 dangerous chemicals are found in food packaging’: ‘Warning over 175 dangerous chemicals found in food packaging: Substances are linked to cancer, fertility and birth defects’,
Daily Mail
, 8 July 2014, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2684256/Dangerous-chemicals-food-packaging-linked-cancer-fertility-birth-defects-study-finds.html#ixzz37AaS0VpP

‘Food contact substances and chemicals of concern: a comparison of inventories’:
Food Additives & Contaminants
: Part A, Volume 31, Issue 8, 2014, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19440049.2014.931600

Chemicals of Concerns (COCs):
ibid

What the EPA’s ‘Chemicals of Concern’ Plans Really Mean,
Scientific American
, 11 January 2010, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/epa-chemicals-of-concern-plans

‘Food contact materials have long been in the frame as a possible major source of chronic exposure to chemicals’: Borcher A.
et al
.,
Food Safety
,
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol
(2010); 39: 95–141, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19911313

‘Their toxicity can be increased in the presence of other chemicals’: Kortenkamp A.
et al
., ‘Low-Level Exposure to Multiple Chemicals: Reason for Human Health Concerns?’
Envir Health Perspect
(2007); 115: 106–114, http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1363921/1/KORTENKAMP.LOW.pdf

REACH: The Registration Process, http://www.hse.gov.uk/reach/regprocess.htm

‘The dose makes the poison’: ‘Toxicology: The learning curve’, Dan Fagin,
Nature
, 24 October 2012, http://www.nature.com/news/toxicology-the-learning-curve-1.11644

‘Bisphenol A possible effects’: vom Saal F. S.
et al.
, Chapel Hill bisphenol A expert panel consensus statement,
Reprod Toxicol
(2007); 24: 131–138, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2967230/

Restrictions on bisphenol A in various countries:
Food Packaging Forum
, Bisphenol A, http://www.foodpackagingforum.org/food-packaging-health/bisphenol-a

Bisphenol A in cancer charity avoidance advice: Tips for Avoiding BPA in Canned Food, Breast Cancer Fund, http://www.breastcancerfund.org/reduce-your-risk/tips/avoid-bpa.html

‘Breast Cancer UK has called for a ban on bisphenol A’: ‘BPA should be banned immediately’, says Breast Cancer UK,
Food and Drink Europe
, 24 October 2013, http://www.foodanddrinkeurope.com/Products-Marketing/BPA-should-be-banned-immediately-says-Breast-Cancer-UK/?utm_source=newsletter_weekly&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BWeekly&c=lQa1YdAlY04Fq84iU4nhQ1z1lFk5tlR2

‘The highest levels of certain phthalates have been found in bread’:
Food Packaging Forum
, Phthalates, 4 October 2012, http://www.foodpackagingforum.org/food-packaging-health/phthalates

‘Tests on animals link these chemicals [phthalates] to reduced fertility, and reproductive and testicular toxicity’:
ibid

‘31 per cent of foods tested contained phthalates above the level set in European law’: Determination of phthalates in foods and establishing methodology to distinguish their source, FSA, http://www.food.gov.uk/science/research/chemical-safety-research/env-cont/c01048#toc-3

‘When scientists … examined cooked food’: Cirillo T,
et al.
, ‘Children’s Exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and Dibutylphthalate Plasticizers from School Meals’,
J Agric Food Chem
(2011); 59: 10532–10538, http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf2020446

‘Nanoparticles … are increasingly used in food and drink packaging’: Alfadul S. M. and Elneshwy A. A., ‘Use of nanotechnology in food processing, packaging and safety review’,
Afr J Food Agric
, Nutr Dev (2010); 10: 6, 2719–2739

Nanosilver and nanoclays: Nanotechnology for the Food Industry,
Nano Magazine
, http://www.nanomagazine.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=56%3Ananotechnology-for-the-food-industry&Itemid=151

‘Aluminium and silicon nanoparticles migrated from plastic bottles into an acidic medium’: Farhoodi M
et al
., ‘Migration of Aluminum and Silicon from PET/Clay Nanocomposite Bottles into Acidic Food Simulant’,
Packaging Technology and Science
(2014); 27: 161–168, http://www.safenano.org/KnowledgeBase/CurrentAwareness/ArticleView/tabid/168/ArticleId/433/Researchers-study-potential-migration-of-nanoparticles-from-food-packaging.aspx

‘They are about one ten-thousandth the width of a human hair’: Institute of Food Science and Technology, Information Statement on Nanotechnology, http://www.ifst.org/nanotechnology

‘Nanoscale zinc oxide … has been found to cause lesions’: Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, Opinion on Zinc oxide (nano form), 2012, http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_103.pdf

‘Nanoparticles of titanium dioxide can damage DNA, disrupt cell function, and interfere with the defence activities of the immune system’:
Tiny Ingredients, Big Risks:
FOE report on nanotechnology, May 2014, http://libcloud.s3.amazonaws.com/93/25/c/4723/2014_Tiny_Ingredients_Big_Risks_Web.pdf

‘Nanoparticles absorbed in the gut may be a factor in the growing prevalence of inflammatory conditions’: Microparticles and Crohn’s Disease, http://www.nutrition411.com/professional-learning/professional-refreshers/item/29665-microparticles-and-crohns-disease/; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17202580

‘The European Commission acknowledges that nanoparticles could cause health damage’: 4. What are the potential health effects of nanomaterials? Nanomaterials, Level 2, http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/nanomaterials/en/l-2/4.htm

‘“Full evaluation of the potential hazards is still to come”’: 6. How well can we assess the risks from nanomaterials? Nanomaterials, Level 2, http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/nanomaterials/en/index.htm#6

‘National Academy of Sciences warns that “critical gaps” in understanding [of nanoparticles] have been identified’: ‘With Prevalence of Nanomaterials Rising, Panel Urges Review of Risks’,
New York Times
, 25 January 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/26/science/nanomaterials-effects-on-health-and-environment-unclear-panel-says.html

‘About 400–500 nanopackaging products are estimated to be in use now’: ‘Future nanopackaging market worth billions, says study’,
Food Packaging
, 15 May 2007, http://www.foodproductiondaily.com/Packaging/Future-nanopackaging-market-worth-billions-says-study

‘Nanosized titanium dioxide … in products such as coffee creamer, cookies, cream cheese …’:
Tiny Ingredients, Big Risks:
FOE report on nanotechnology, May 2014, http://libcloud.s3.amazonaws.com/93/25/c/4723/2014_Tiny_Ingredients_Big_Risks_Web.pdf

‘A European Union regulation that requires foods (not packaging) containing nanoparticles to be labelled’: Towards reference materials for nanoparticles in food, EU Joint Research Centre, 25 June 2014, https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/news/towards-reference-materials-nanoparticles-food

Index

The page numbers in this index relate to the printed version of this book; they do not match the pages of your ebook. You can use your ebook reader’s search tool to find a specific word or passage.

3-MCPD 128

AB Sugar 103–4

abattoirs 2, 48, 182, 208–9, 227

açai berry 138–9

Acesulfame K 59, 76, 109

acetone 65

acrolein 124

acrylamide 128–9

ADD 63

additives 94, 172, 174

‘acceptable daily intake’ 222

carrageenan 61–2

and ‘clean label’ operation 3–4

E numbers 56, 61, 62, 219

emulsifying 134

and health 220

modified starch (E1422) 62

and ‘off flavours’ 80

preservative 222–3, 224

rejection of 58, 59

types of 3

advantame 109

aflatoxins 216

agar 92, 178

agave syrup 112–13

Agricoat 84

aldehydes 124

alginates 231

All in All 78

allergens 5, 49, 51–4, 89, 215, 216

allergies, food 13, 52, 53, 63, 157, 216

alpha-amylase 205, 215

Alzheimer’s disease 124

amino acids 68, 69

amylase 205

amyloglucosidase 205

anaphylaxis 53

André, Carl 75

anthocyanins 66

anti-spattering agents 127

antifoaming agents 127

antioxidants 59, 64, 94, 127, 220–21, 224, 234

arrowroot 188, 190

ascorbic acid 220–21

Asda 39, 42, 159, 201, 237

asparaginase 212

Aspartame 76, 109

asthma 214, 251

Austrian Federal Environment Agency 214

bacon brine recipe 185–6

bacteria 51, 63, 80, 150, 223, 229, 231, 233

bakeries 86–96

aromas 86, 87

baking method 90–91

and enzymes 205, 215

Greggs 93–6

ingredients 88–94

labelling 88

M&S 86–93

staff 87, 215

state-of-the-art 87–8

third-party bakery companies 90, 92

Bakewell tart 11, 91

Barr, A.G. 101

batters (‘reliable coating systems’) 34–5, 38, 130, 131

BDF 80

beetroot extract (betanin) 66

Beneo 162

benzoates 219

beta-glucanase 211

binders 174, 187

Bionis® 83

BioResource International 208

biotechnology 150

BioVia™ YM 10 234

bisphenol A (BPA) 243, 245–8

Blakeslea trispora
fungus 92

bread, phthalates in 247

breadcrumbs 35, 130, 131

Breast Cancer UK 246

brine 174, 179, 180, 182, 184, 186–7

brine injector machine 186–7

British Heart Foundation 133

British Medical Journal
103

British Nutrition Foundation 104

butter 131–2, 134

and fat-replacing starch 193–4

Butter Buds® 77, 137

butter powder 37–8

butter substitutes 37–8, 77

butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) 64, 127, 221, 243

butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) 64, 221

calcium 199

calcium carbonate 92, 157

calcium chloride (E509) 91, 206

Callaghan, Kathryn 224–5

cancer 62, 63, 124, 251, 252

cane juice 108–9

cane sugar 63, 108

CAOBISCO (Association of Chocolate, Biscuits and Confectionery Industries of Europe) 104

caramel (E150) 36–7, 40, 67–8, 160–61, 167

carbohydrases 207

carbohydrates 145, 200

starchy 199, 200

carcinogenicity 109, 124, 127, 128, 129, 161–2, 220, 222

cardiovascular disease 111, 120, 125, 252

Carfosel® 80