Terrible Swift Sword (68 page)
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Authors: Joseph Wheelan
1
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain,
The Passing of the Armies: An Account of the Final Campaign of the Army of the Potomac
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998), 438â441.
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain,
The Passing of the Armies: An Account of the Final Campaign of the Army of the Potomac
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998), 438â441.
2
Jay Winik,
April 1865: The Month That Saved America
(New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2001), 29; Foote,
The Civil War
, 3:853; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:130; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:425â428; Cadwallader,
Three Years with Grant
, 306; Simson,
Crisis of Command
, 10; Wittenberg,
Little Phil
, 150.
Jay Winik,
April 1865: The Month That Saved America
(New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2001), 29; Foote,
The Civil War
, 3:853; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:130; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:425â428; Cadwallader,
Three Years with Grant
, 306; Simson,
Crisis of Command
, 10; Wittenberg,
Little Phil
, 150.
3
Edward G. Longacre,
The Cavalry at Appomattox
(Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003), 39; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:425â426; Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 422.
Edward G. Longacre,
The Cavalry at Appomattox
(Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003), 39; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:425â426; Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 422.
4
Catton,
Grant Takes Command
, 437; Grant,
Personal Memoirs
, 531; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:128â129; Adam Badeau,
Military History of Ulysses S. Grant, From April, 1861, to April, 1865
(New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1882), 3:451.
Catton,
Grant Takes Command
, 437; Grant,
Personal Memoirs
, 531; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:128â129; Adam Badeau,
Military History of Ulysses S. Grant, From April, 1861, to April, 1865
(New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1882), 3:451.
9
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:134â135; O.R., V. 46, Part III, 266; Chris Calkins,
History and Tour Guide of the Battle of Five Forks
(Columbus, OH:
Blue & Gray Magazine
, 2003), 54.
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:134â135; O.R., V. 46, Part III, 266; Chris Calkins,
History and Tour Guide of the Battle of Five Forks
(Columbus, OH:
Blue & Gray Magazine
, 2003), 54.
11
Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:432â433; Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 426â427; Wert,
Custer
, 214â215.
Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:432â433; Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 426â427; Wert,
Custer
, 214â215.
12
Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:433; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:140; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 56, 61â62.
Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:433; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:140; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 56, 61â62.
13
Sheridan Papers, Reel 50.
Sheridan Papers, Reel 50.
14
Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 428â429; Grant,
Personal Memoirs
, 531; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:143â145.
Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 428â429; Grant,
Personal Memoirs
, 531; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:143â145.
15
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:148; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:429â430; Longacre,
Cavalry
, 36; Ed Bearss and Chris Calkins,
Battle of Five Forks
(Lynchburg, VA: H. E. Howard, 1985), 10â13.
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:148; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:429â430; Longacre,
Cavalry
, 36; Ed Bearss and Chris Calkins,
Battle of Five Forks
(Lynchburg, VA: H. E. Howard, 1985), 10â13.
16
Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 431; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:148â152; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 64â70; Longacre,
Cavalry
, 68â74; Henry Edwin Tremain,
Last Hours of Sheridan's Cavalry
(New York: Bonnell, Silver & Bowers, 1904), 50.
Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 431; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:148â152; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 64â70; Longacre,
Cavalry
, 68â74; Henry Edwin Tremain,
Last Hours of Sheridan's Cavalry
(New York: Bonnell, Silver & Bowers, 1904), 50.
17
Tremain,
Last Hours of Sheridan's Cavalry
, 54; Major General Wesley Merritt, “The Appomattox Campaign,”
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Missouri Commandery
(St. Louis: Smith & Owens Print Co., 1887), 1:112â113; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:153; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 70â72; Bearss and Calkins,
Battle of Five Forks
, 43, 45.
Tremain,
Last Hours of Sheridan's Cavalry
, 54; Major General Wesley Merritt, “The Appomattox Campaign,”
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Missouri Commandery
(St. Louis: Smith & Owens Print Co., 1887), 1:112â113; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:153; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 70â72; Bearss and Calkins,
Battle of Five Forks
, 43, 45.
18
Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 432; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:154â156; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 88; O.R., V. 46, Part I, 1104.
Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 432; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:154â156; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 88; O.R., V. 46, Part I, 1104.
19
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:156â157; Bearss and Calkins,
Battle of Five Forks
, 73â75; Calkins,
History and Tour Guide
, 68.
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:156â157; Bearss and Calkins,
Battle of Five Forks
, 73â75; Calkins,
History and Tour Guide
, 68.
20
Hergesheimer,
Sheridan
, 299â301; Bearss and Calkins,
Battle of Five Forks
, 59â66; Sheridan Papers, Reel 94.
Hergesheimer,
Sheridan
, 299â301; Bearss and Calkins,
Battle of Five Forks
, 59â66; Sheridan Papers, Reel 94.
22
Morrison,
“The Best School in the World,”
6; William H. Goetzmann,
Exploration and Empire
(New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1978), 316; Simson,
Crisis of Command
, 122â124; Warner,
Generals in Blue
, 541â542.
Morrison,
“The Best School in the World,”
6; William H. Goetzmann,
Exploration and Empire
(New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1978), 316; Simson,
Crisis of Command
, 122â124; Warner,
Generals in Blue
, 541â542.
23
Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 434â435; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 93â95; Sheridan Papers, Reel 94.
Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 434â435; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 93â95; Sheridan Papers, Reel 94.
31
Bearss and Calkins,
Battle of Five Forks
, 77, 85, 89, 91; Drake,
Little Phil
, 388; Longacre,
Cavalry
, 86; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 105; Merritt, “The Appomattox Campaign,” 116; Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 437.
Bearss and Calkins,
Battle of Five Forks
, 77, 85, 89, 91; Drake,
Little Phil
, 388; Longacre,
Cavalry
, 86; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 105; Merritt, “The Appomattox Campaign,” 116; Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 437.
34
O.R., V. 46, Part I, 835â836 (Warren's report); Ibid., 1105; Foote,
The Civil War
, 3:873; O'Connor,
Sheridan the Inevitable
, 254; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 122; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:163; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:449; Morris,
Sheridan,
252; William Henry Powell,
The Fifth Army Corps (Army of the Potomac)
(New York: G. P. Putnam's, 1896), 809.
O.R., V. 46, Part I, 835â836 (Warren's report); Ibid., 1105; Foote,
The Civil War
, 3:873; O'Connor,
Sheridan the Inevitable
, 254; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 122; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:163; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:449; Morris,
Sheridan,
252; William Henry Powell,
The Fifth Army Corps (Army of the Potomac)
(New York: G. P. Putnam's, 1896), 809.
36
Warner,
Generals in Blue
, 542; Sheridan Papers, Reel 94; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:167â168; Sheridan Papers, Reel 14.
Warner,
Generals in Blue
, 542; Sheridan Papers, Reel 94; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:167â168; Sheridan Papers, Reel 14.
39
Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 123; Foote,
The Civil War
, 3:873â875; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:453; O.R., V. 46, Part I, 54; Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 442.
12. THE RACE TO APPOMATTOXNewhall,
With General Sheridan
, 123; Foote,
The Civil War
, 3:873â875; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:453; O.R., V. 46, Part I, 54; Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 442.
3
Bearss and Calkins,
Battle of Five Forks
, 2; William Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat: The Flight to Appomattox
(Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2002), 202.
Bearss and Calkins,
Battle of Five Forks
, 2; William Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat: The Flight to Appomattox
(Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2002), 202.
4
Foote,
The Civil War
, 3:279, 285; Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat
, 5â6, 9, 202â203; Winik,
April 1865
, 99.
Foote,
The Civil War
, 3:279, 285; Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat
, 5â6, 9, 202â203; Winik,
April 1865
, 99.
5
Emory Thomas,
Robert E. Lee: A Biography
(New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, 1995), 352â353; Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat
, 9, 11; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:454; Winik,
April 1865
, 104.
Emory Thomas,
Robert E. Lee: A Biography
(New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, 1995), 352â353; Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat
, 9, 11; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:454; Winik,
April 1865
, 104.
7
O.R., V. 46, Part III, 529; Thomas,
Robert E. Lee
, 356; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:457; Winik,
April 1865
, 126â127; Freeman,
Lee's Lieutenants
, 789; Grant,
Personal Memoirs
, 561; Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat
, 50; Calkins,
History and Tour Guide
, 126.
O.R., V. 46, Part III, 529; Thomas,
Robert E. Lee
, 356; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:457; Winik,
April 1865
, 126â127; Freeman,
Lee's Lieutenants
, 789; Grant,
Personal Memoirs
, 561; Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat
, 50; Calkins,
History and Tour Guide
, 126.
8
O.R., V. 46, Part III, 449, 528.
O.R., V. 46, Part III, 449, 528.
11
Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:463; Longacre,
Cavalry
, 130â132; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 144â146; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:177.
Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:463; Longacre,
Cavalry
, 130â132; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 144â146; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:177.
12
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:177; Foote,
The Civil War
, 3:914; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 149â150; O.R., V. 49, Part I, 582.
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:177; Foote,
The Civil War
, 3:914; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 149â150; O.R., V. 49, Part I, 582.
13
Cadwallader,
Three Years with Grant
, 312; Grant,
Personal Memoirs
, 546; Chamberlain,
The Passing of the Armies
, 205.
Cadwallader,
Three Years with Grant
, 312; Grant,
Personal Memoirs
, 546; Chamberlain,
The Passing of the Armies
, 205.
18
Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat
, 71, 75, 77; Grant,
Personal Memoirs
, 549; Ezra J. Warner,
Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000), 70.
Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat
, 71, 75, 77; Grant,
Personal Memoirs
, 549; Ezra J. Warner,
Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000), 70.
20
O.R., V. 46, Part III, 609.
O.R., V. 46, Part III, 609.
24
Ibid., 182â183.
Ibid., 182â183.
29
Longacre,
Cavalry
, 156; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:185â186; Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat
, 91; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:473; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 188.
Longacre,
Cavalry
, 156; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:185â186; Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat
, 91; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:473; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 188.
30
O.R., V. 46, Part III, 610.
O.R., V. 46, Part III, 610.
32
Edward P. Tobie,
History of the First Maine Cavalry, 1861â1865
(Boston: Emery & Hughes, 1887), 418.
Edward P. Tobie,
History of the First Maine Cavalry, 1861â1865
(Boston: Emery & Hughes, 1887), 418.
35
Freeman,
Lee's Lieutenants
, 799â800; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:476; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:188).
Freeman,
Lee's Lieutenants
, 799â800; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:476; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:188).
37
Grant,
Personal Memoirs
, 550â551; O.R., V. 46, Part III, 619; Thomas,
Robert E. Lee
, 359â360; Sheridan Papers, Reel 50.
Grant,
Personal Memoirs
, 550â551; O.R., V. 46, Part III, 619; Thomas,
Robert E. Lee
, 359â360; Sheridan Papers, Reel 50.
38
Freeman,
Lee's Lieutenants
, 802â803; Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat
, 143, 118â120; Thomas,
Robert E. Lee
, 359â360; October 5, 2011, interview with Sam Wilson Jr., chief ranger at Sailor's Creek Battlefield Historical State Park.
Freeman,
Lee's Lieutenants
, 802â803; Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat
, 143, 118â120; Thomas,
Robert E. Lee
, 359â360; October 5, 2011, interview with Sam Wilson Jr., chief ranger at Sailor's Creek Battlefield Historical State Park.
41
Ibid., 189â190.
Ibid., 189â190.
43
O.R., V. 46, Part III, 654.
O.R., V. 46, Part III, 654.
46
O.R., V. 46, Part III, 652â654; Chamberlain,
The Passing of the Armies
, 230â231; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:483.
O.R., V. 46, Part III, 652â654; Chamberlain,
The Passing of the Armies
, 230â231; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:483.
50
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:192; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 208â210; Gordon,
Reminiscences
, 436â438.
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:192; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 208â210; Gordon,
Reminiscences
, 436â438.
51
Foote,
The Civil War
, 3:941â943; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 208â211; Chamberlain,
The Passing of the Armies
, 232â236, 244; Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat
, 170â171; Longacre,
Cavalry
, 193; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:193â194.
Foote,
The Civil War
, 3:941â943; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 208â211; Chamberlain,
The Passing of the Armies
, 232â236, 244; Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat
, 170â171; Longacre,
Cavalry
, 193; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:193â194.
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