Terrible Swift Sword (69 page)

53
Grant,
Personal Memoirs
, 556; Freeman,
Lee's Lieutenants
, 806–807; Winik,
April 1865
, 145–146.

54
Gordon,
Reminiscences
, 438.

55
Freeman,
Lee's Lieutenants
, 807; Winik,
April 1865
, 146, 150, 166.

56
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:194–197; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:485. Gary commanded the famous Hampton Legion. After the surrender, he rode to North Carolina and helped escort Jefferson Davis to the Deep South. Warner,
Generals in Gray
, 102.

57
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:197; Gordon,
Reminiscences
, 441–442.

58
Catton,
Grant Takes Command
, 462.

59
Sheridan Papers, Reel 85; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:198–200.

60
Grant,
Personal Memoirs
, 554.

61
Foote,
The Civil War
, 3:945–946.

62
Forsyth,
Thrilling Days
, 184–185; Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 468–469; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 217–218; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:200–201; Grant,
Personal Memoirs
, 556.

63
Grant,
Personal Memoirs
, 555–556; Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 220; Winik,
April 1865
, 186; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:201–202.

64
Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 492; Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat
, 180.

65
Newhall,
With General Sheridan
, 200.

66
Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 487; Wert,
Custer
, 167; Marguerite Merington, ed.,
The Custer Story: The Life and Intimate Letters of General George A. Custer and His Wife Elizabeth
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1987), 158–159. Today, the table resides at the Smithsonian Museum of American History.

67
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:202–203.

68
Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:430.

69
Marvel,
Lee's Last Retreat
, 188; Starr,
The Union Cavalry,
2:489–490.

70
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:205–208.

1
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:261–262.

2
Grant Papers, 17:280.

3
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:208–209.

4
Catton,
Grant Takes Command
, 490.

5
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:208–210.

6
Clarence C. Clendenen,
Blood on the Border: The United States Army and the Mexican Irregulars
(Toronto: MacMillan Company, 1969), 46.

7
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:210; Davies,
General Sheridan
, 255–256.

8
Porter,
Campaigning with Grant
, 507; Chamberlain,
The Passing of the Armies,
327.

9
Sheridan Papers, Reel 85.

10
Sheridan Papers, Reels 83, 85; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:210–214.

11
Davies,
General Sheridan
, 257; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:211–212.

12
Joe Gray Taylor,
Louisiana Reconstructed: 1863–1877
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1974), 5–8, 407–412.

13
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:214; Sheridan Papers, Reel 85.

14
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:210, 214–218.

15
Davies,
General Sheridan
, 258–259; Clendenen,
Blood on the Border
, 57–58; Grant letters in Sheridan Papers, Reel 17; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:216–218, 224–226.

16
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:218–219.

17
Grant letter in Sheridan Papers, Reel 17; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:219–222.

18
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:220–222.

19
Ibid., 223–224.

20
Felix Gilbert, ed.,
The Norton History of Modern Europe
(New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1970), 1117–1124, 1086; Clendenen,
Blood on the Border
, 58–59; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:226–228.

21
Davies,
General Sheridan
, 265–269; Taylor,
Louisiana Reconstructed
, 66–68; Sheridan Papers, Reel 17.

22
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:261; Eric Foner,
Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877
(New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1988), 200–201, 119; Taylor,
Louisiana Reconstructed
, 98–99.

23
Morris,
Sheridan,
293–294.

24
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:232–233; James M. Smallwood, Barry A. Crouch, and Larry Peacock,
Murder and Mayhem: The War of Reconstruction in Texas
(College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2003), 42–43; Sheridan Papers, Reels 3, 85; Foner,
Reconstruction
, 204; Drake,
Little Phil
, 452, from
Army and Navy Register
4 (November 3, 1883): 8–9.

25
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:235.

26
Ibid., 2:261–262.

27
United States House Select Committee Report on the New Orleans Riots
(Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1867), 4; Taylor,
Louisiana Reconstructed
, 104–105; Foner,
Reconstruction
, 261–262.

28
Ted Tunnell,
Crucible of Reconstruction: War, Radicalism and Race in Louisiana, 1862–1877
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1984), 104;
United States House Select Committee Report
, 26; Taylor,
Louisiana Reconstructed,
106–107.

29
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:238–239; George C. Rable,
But There Was No Peace: The Role of Violence in the Politics of Reconstruction
(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2007), 53–54; Taylor,
Louisiana Reconstructed,
109–110.

30
Foner,
Reconstruction
, 263; Rable,
But There Was No Peace
, 54; Taylor,
Louisiana Reconstructed
, 110–111.

31
United States House Select Committee Report
, 548; Sheridan Papers, Reel 50; Taylor,
Louisiana Reconstructed
, 110–111.

32
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:238–239; Taylor,
Louisiana Reconstructed
, 139; Rable,
But There Was No Peace
, 55–56.

33
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:237; Taylor,
Louisiana Reconstructed
, 118.

34
Rable,
But There Was No Peace
, 57–58.

35
Sheridan Papers, Reel 17; Martin E. Mantell,
Johnson, Grant, and the Politics of Reconstruction
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1973), 19–20; Whitney and Whitney,
The American Presidents
, 146–147.

36
United States House Select Committee Report
, 25, 27, 60; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:240–242.

37
Mantell,
Johnson, Grant
, 27; Taylor,
Louisiana Reconstructed
, 131–132; Joseph G. Dawson III, “General Phil Sheridan and Military Reconstruction in Louisiana,”
Civil War History
24 (June 1978): 134–135; Morris,
Sheridan,
295; Sheridan Papers, Reel 85.

38
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:254–255.

39
Ibid., 259; Mantell,
Johnson, Grant
, 31–33.

40
Foner,
Reconstruction
, 307; Rable,
But There Was No Peace
, 109.

41
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:269–275.

42
Sheridan Papers, Reel 17; Mantell,
Johnson, Grant
, 24–25, 28–29, 3–4.

43
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:253, 261–263; Dawson, “General Phil Sheridan,” 138; Taylor,
Louisiana Reconstructed,
141.

44
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:265–266.

45
Ibid., 267–268; Taylor,
Louisiana Reconstructed
, 140–141; Tunnell,
Crucible of Reconstruction
, 100–103, 111; Dawson, “General Phil Sheridan,” 138, 141–143; Sheridan Papers, Reels 17, 48.

46
Sheridan Papers, Reel 17; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:277–278; Grant Papers, 17:253–254.

47
Morris,
Sheridan,
293–294.

48
Ibid., 268–270; Grant Papers, 17:39n.

49
Grant Papers, 17:38–39; Sheridan Papers, Reel 85.

50
Grant Papers, 17:255; Dawson, “General Phil Sheridan,” 144.

51
Mantell,
Johnson, Grant
, 35–36, 81–84.

52
Dawson, “General Phil Sheridan,” 144–145; Grant Papers, 17:279–281; Sheridan Papers, Reel 3.

53
Dawson, “General Phil Sheridan,” 147.

54
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:277–278.

55
Sheridan Papers, Reels 101, 9.

56
Sheridan Papers, Reels 83, 17.

1
Carl Coke Rister,
Border Command: General Phil Sheridan in the West
(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1944), 66–67.

2
Ibid., 78; US Congress,
Executive Documents from the Third Session of the 40th Congress, 1868–1869
(Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1869), Document No. 1, 20; Sheridan Papers, Reel 91; De B. Randolph Keim,
Sheridan's Troopers on the Borders:
A Winter Campaign on the Plains
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985), 121–123; Paul A. Hutton,
Phil Sheridan and His Army
(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985), 32; General George A. Custer,
My Life on the Plains
, ed. Milo Milton Quaife (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1968), 392–393; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:320.

3
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:320; House Executive Document No. 1, 41–2, 47.

4
Hutton,
Phil Sheridan and His Army
, 32–33.

5
Paul H. Carlson,
The Plains Indians
(College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1998), 155–156; Stan Hoig,
The Battle of the Washita: The Sheridan-Custer Indian Campaign of 1867–1869
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1976), 24, 30; Davies,
General Sheridan
, 287–288.

6
Hutton,
Phil Sheridan and His Army
, 33–35.

7
Drake,
Little Phil
, 470.

8
Rister,
Border Command
, 62–64.

9
Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:295–296; Sheridan Papers, Reel 76; Robert M. Utley,
Frontier Regulars: The United States Army and the Indian, 1866–1891
(New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1973), 143.

10
Sheridan Papers, Reel 76.

11
Hutton,
Phil Sheridan and His Army
, 48–51.

12
Davies,
General Sheridan
, 288–290; Utley,
Frontier Regulars
, 48.

13
House Executive Document No. 1, 40–3, 18; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:302–306.

14
Hoig,
The Battle of the Washita
, 185–186; Sheridan Papers, Reel 86; House Executive Document No. 1, 40–3, 20–21, 12.

15
Senate Executive Document No. 18, 40–3, 5.

16
Robert M. Utley, “Total War on the American Indian Frontier,” in
Anticipating Total War: The German and American Experiences, 1871–1914
, ed. Manfred Boemeke, Roger Chickering, and Stig Förster (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 405–406.

17
James L. Haley,
The Buffalo War: The History of the Red River Indian Uprising of 1874
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1976), 8.

18
Rister,
Border Command
, 92, 96; House Executive Document No. 1, 41–2, 45–46.

19
Hoig,
The Battle of the Washita
, 74–75; Davies,
General Sheridan
, 289–290.

20
Nathaniel Philbrick,
The Last Stand: Custer, Sitting Bull, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn
(New York: Viking, 2010), 11–12; O'Connor,
Sheridan the Inevitable
, 301; Hutton,
Phil Sheridan and His Army
, 51; Dee Brown,
The Westerners
(New York, Chicago, and San Francisco: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1974), 235.

21
Keim,
Sheridan's Troopers
, 103; Utley, “Total War,” 405.

22
Custer,
My Life on the Plains
, 263–264.

23
Drake,
Little Phil
, 483; Custer,
My Life on the Plains
, 264.

24
Philbrick,
The Last Stand
, 132; Rister,
Border Command
, 37–41.

25
Hoig,
The Battle of the Washita
, 77–78; Sheridan,
Personal Memoirs
, 2:310–312.