The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (107 page)

Read The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life Online

Authors: Richard J. Herrnstein,Charles A. Murray

Tags: #History, #Science, #General, #Psychology, #Sociology, #Genetics & Genomics, #Life Sciences, #Social Science, #Educational Psychology, #Intelligence Levels - United States, #Nature and Nurture, #United States, #Education, #Political Science, #Intelligence Levels - Social Aspects - United States, #Intellect, #Intelligence Levels

BOOK: The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life
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Basic Analysis, Adding Both Poverty and AFDC Status in the Year Before the HOME Index was Scored (PreTYPov, PreTYADC):

Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-LogLikelihood
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Model
9
127.1525
254.3049
0.000000
Error
4654
1038.9883
 
 
C Total
4663
1166.1407
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.1090
 
 
Observations
4664
 
Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Intercept
−2.3642864
0.0832843
805.89
0.0000
zAFQT89
−0.5452068
0.0849779
41.16
0.0000
zSES
−0.1657978
0.0852414
3.78
0.0518
zAge
−0.0664416
0.0679088
0.96
0.3279
TestYr[86-90]
Unstable
+0.0029083
0.0904431
0.00
0.9743
 
 
 
 
TestYr[88-90]
−0.0455863
0.0856239
0.28
0.5944
HomeAge
 
 
 
 
Cat[0/2-6+]
+0.3145455
0.087279
12.99
0.0003
HomeAge
 
 
 
 
Cat[3/5-6+]
−0.1002522
0.0896764
1.25
0.2636
PreTYADC
 
 
 
 
[No-Yes]
−0.3806916
0.0809799
22.10
0.0000
PreTYPov
 
 
 
 
[No-Yes]
−0.3774093
0.0762828
24.48
0.0000
The High School Sample:
 
Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-LogLikelihood
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Model
7
26.90513
53.81026
0.000000
Error
2282
526.92206
 
 
C Total
2289
553.82719
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.0486
 
 
Observations
2290
 
Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Intercept
−2.9071274
0.1079507
725.23
0.0000
zAFQT89
−0.5655610
0.1331445
18.04
0.0000
zSES
−0.3731384
0.1355456
7.58
0.0059
zAge
−0.1569221
0.0964674
2.65
0.1038
TestYr[86-90]
+0.0755310
0.1295874
0.34
0.5600
TestYr[88-90]
−0.1487970
0.1239539
1.44
0.2300
HomeAge
 
 
 
 
Cat[0/2-6+]
+0.3159089
0.1236104
6.53
0.0106
HomeAge
 
 
 
 
Cat[3/5-6+]
−0.0254850
0.1242055
0.04
0.8374

The College Sample:
Omitted. The cross-sectional sample included only five cases of children in the bottom decile on the HOME index.

DEPENDENT VARIABLE:
The child was in the bottom decile on any of the four developmental indicators (friendliness index, difficulty index, motor and social development index, and behavioral problems index).

SAMPLE RESTRICTIONS:
None.

ADDITIONAL CONTROL VARIABLES:
Test year (TestYr, nominal: 1986, 1988, or 1990).

Basic Analysis:
 
Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-LogLikelihood
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Model
5
35.5004
71.00086
0.000000
Error
4885
1534.3911
 
 
C Total
4890
1569.8915
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.0226
 
 
Observations
4891
 
Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Intercept
−2.2678463
0.0523382
1877.5
0.0000
zAFQT89
−0.3374850
0.0666453
25.64
0.0000
zSES
−0.1454605
0.0662047
4.83
0.0280
zAge
−0.0406925
0.0531744
0.59
0.4441
TestYr[86-90]
+0.1789367
0.0698843
6.56
0.0105
TestYr[88-90]
−0.0070670
0.0677961
0.01
0.9170

Basic Analysis, Adding Poverty Status and Welfare Status in the Year Prior to Testing (PreTYPov, PreTYADC) and Whether the Child was Born out of Wedlock (BStatus):

Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-Loglikehood
ChiSquare
Pob>ChiSq
Model
8
42.9933
85.98651
0.000000
Error
4329
1350.0000
 
 
C Total
4337
1392.9933
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.0309
 
 
Observations
4338
 
Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Intercept
−2.00631470
0.0860525
543.59
0.0000
zAFQT89
−0.25174490
0.075657
11.07
0.0009
zSES
−0.13270420
0.0708367
3.51
0.0610
zAge
+0.01726122
0.0575776
0.09
0.7643
TestYr[86-90]
+0.18566228
0.0735475
6.37
0.0116
TestYr[88-90]
+0.01877328
0.072493
0.07
0.7957
PreTYADC
 
 
 
 
[Yes-No]
+0.13056720
0.0820003
2.54
0.1113
PreTYPov
 
 
 
 
[Yes-No]
+0.24199190
0.0714256
11.48
0.0007
BStatus
 
 
 
 
[Illegit-Legit]
+0.01707707
0.0764089
0.05
0.8231
The High School Sample:
 
Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-LogLikelihood
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Model
5
13.59824
27.19647
0.000052
Error
2181
704.58153
 
 
C Total
2186
718.17976
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.0189
 
 
Observations
2187
 
Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Intercept
−2.3178135
0.0834745
770.99
0.0000
zAFQT89
−0.3193097
0.1100786
8.41
0.0037
zSES
−0.3161019
0.1113263
8.06
0.0045
zAge
+0.0231487
0.0778738
0.09
0.7663
TestYr[86-90]
+0.1566625
0.1029997
2.31
0.1283
TestYr[88-90]
+0.0136187
0.0996255
0.02
0.8913
The College Sample:
 
Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-LogLikelihood
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Model
5
5.166097
10.33219
0.066352
Error
346
74.395923
 
 
C Total
351
79.562020
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.0649
 
 
Observations
352
 
Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Intercept
−3.0081530
0.530244
32.18
0.0000
zAFQT89
+0.78938018
0.3581312
4.86
0.0275
zSES
−0.80898430
0.3371107
5.76
0.0164
zAge
Unstable
+0.01498142
0.2822683
0.00
0.9577
 
 
 
 
TestYr[86-90]
+0.41149788
0.3719686
1.22
0.2686
TestYr[88-90]
−0.34603300
0.3626176
0.91
0.3399

DEPENDENT VARIABLE:
The child was in the bottom decile on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT).

SAMPLE RESTRICTIONS:
Includes only children tested at age 6 and older.

ADDITIONAL CONTROL VARIABLES:
Test year (TestYr, nominal: 1986, 1988, or 1990) and age at which the child was tested (continuous, in months,
m
= 107.0,s = 27.1)

Basic Analysis:
 
Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-LogLikelihood
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Model
6
24.69587
49.39173
0.000000
Error
640
186.29121
 
 
C Total
646
210.98708
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.1170
 
 
Observations
647
 
Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Intercept
−2.21570603
0.8589707
6.65
0.0099
zAFQT89
−1.11994138
0.1950498
32.97
0.0000
zSES
−0.08185312
0.1820132
0.20
0.6529
zAge
−0.02769682
0.1856376
0.02
0.8814
PPVTAge
−0.00466266
0.0077779
0.36
0.5489
TestYr[86-90]
−0.16528217
0.2424523
0.46
0.4954
TestYr[88-90]
−0.07970146
0.2250145
0.13
0.7232

Basic Analysis Adding Poverty Status in the Year Prior to the PPVT (PreTYPov) and the HOME Index Score Expressed in Standard Scores (zHOME):

Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-LogLikelihood
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Model
8
17.72094
35.44187
0.000022
Error
582
153.59135
 
 
C Total
590
171.31229
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.1034
 
 
Oservations
591
 

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