The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (108 page)

Read The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life Online

Authors: Richard J. Herrnstein,Charles A. Murray

Tags: #History, #Science, #General, #Psychology, #Sociology, #Genetics & Genomics, #Life Sciences, #Social Science, #Educational Psychology, #Intelligence Levels - United States, #Nature and Nurture, #United States, #Education, #Political Science, #Intelligence Levels - Social Aspects - United States, #Intellect, #Intelligence Levels

BOOK: The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life
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Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Intercept
−2.1291342
0.9565224
4.95
0.0260
zAFQT89
−1.0337219
0.2205373
21.97
0.0000
zSES
−0.0861738
0.2093703
0.17
0.6806
zAge
+0.0296014
0.2145926
0.02
0.8903
TestYr[86-90]
−0.2286597
0.2683805
0.73
0.3942
TestYr[88-90]
−0.0483017
0.2526343
0.04
0.8484
PPVTAge
−0.0067930
0.0085395
0.63
0.4263
zHOME
−0.1945375
0.1842224
1.12
0.2910
PreTYPov
 
 
 
 
[No-Yes]
+0.0903504
0.2016689
0.20
0.6541
The High School Sample:
 
Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-LogLikelihood
ChiSquare
Pro>ChiSq
Model
6
7.225514
14.45103
0.024984
Error
254
68.236589
 
 
C Total
260
75.462103
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.0958
 
 
Observations
261
 
Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Intercept
−0.2705795
1.4383055
0.04
0.08508
zAFQT89
−0.9296387
0.3952333
5.53
0.0187
zSES
−0.0918753
0.3493501
0.07
0.7926
zAge
+0.9267613
0.4137423
5.02
0.0251
TestYr[86-90]
−1.0895230
0.4214316
6.68
0.0097
TestYr[88-90]
+0.3167489
0.3591565
0.78
0.3778
PPVTAge
−0.0287800
0.0132748
4.70
0.0302

The College Sample:
Omitted. No cases of a child age 6 or older in the bottom decile on the PPVT in the cross-sectional sample.

Women with Less Than a High School Education:
 
Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-Loglikehood
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Model
6
6.239129
12.47826
0.052111
Error
139
70.537266
 
 
C Total
145
76.776395
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.0813
 
 
Observations
146
 
Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>Chisq
Intercept
−3.6384326
1.460085
6.21
0.0127
zAFQT89
−8396200
0.3093784
7.37
0.0066
zSES
+0.0090359
0.2914784
0.00
0.9753
zAge
0.4386216
0.3016201
2.11
0.1459
Test Yr[86-90]
+0.3771342
0.3759239
1.01
0.3158
TestYr[88-90]
−0.4974755
0.3638669
1.87
0.1716
PPVTAge
+0.0133480
0.011851
1.27
0.2600
CHAPTER 11: CRIME
 

DEPENDENT VARIABLE:
The subject was in the top decile on an index of self-reported crime.

SAMPLE RESTRICTIONS:
Includes only men.

Basic Analysis:
 
Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-LogLikelihood
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Model
3
10.02735
20.05469
0.000165
Error
2004
649.74218
 
 
C Total
2007
659.76953
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.0152
 
 
Observations
2008
 
Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Intercept
−2.22005314
0.0807852
755.20
0.0000
zAFQT89
−0.26980189
0.0902397
8.94
0.0028
zSES
+0.13972790
0.0979853
2.03
0.1539
zAge
−0.20372081
0.080365
6.43
0.0112
The High School Sample:
 
Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-LogLikelihood
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Model
3
4.28228
8.564558
0.035677
Error
661
201.83770
 
 
C Total
664
206.11998
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.0208
 
 
Observations
665
 
Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Intercept
−2.35032467
0.1445857
264.24
0.0000
zAFQT89
+0.2120838
0.2006406
1.12
0.2905
zSES
+0.3653400
0.1981511
3.40
0.0652
zAge
−0.26122639
0.1457019
3.21
0.0730
The College Sample:
 
Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-LogLikelihood
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Model
3
2.959829
5.919657
0.115585
Error
276
46.577870
 
 
C Total
279
49.537698
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.0597
 
 
Observations
280
Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Intercept
−333070801
0.7047663
22.33
0.0000
zAFQT89
−0.63468357
0.5194501
1.49
0.2218
zSES
+0.80027390
0.4591207
3.04
0.0813
zAge
+0.39913230
0.306701
1.69
0.1931

DEPENDENT VARIABLE:
The subject was interviewed in a correctional facility in one or more interviews from 1979 to 1990.

SAMPLE RESTRICTIONS:
Includes only men.

Basic Analysis:
 
Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-LogLikelihood
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Model
3
23.31444
46.62887
0.000000
Error
1941
219.90125
 
 
C Total
1944
243.21569
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.0959
 
 
Observations
1945
 
Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Intercept
−3.77716689
0.1717938
483.41
0.0000
zAFQT89
−0.89666260
0.1753619
26.14
0.0000
zSES
−0.15554116
0.1806149
0.74
0.3891
zAge
+0.0782992
0.1468634
0.28
0.5939
The High School Sample:
 
Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-LogLikelihood
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Model
3
4.058464
8.116928
0.043656
Error
712
39.850585
 
 
C Total
715
43.909049
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.0924
 
 
Observations
716
 
Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Intercept
−4.96578763
0.4806319
106.75
0.000
zAFQT89
−1.07006679
0.443121
5.83
0.0157
zSES
−0.16211965
0.4642977
0.12
0.7270
zAge
+0.46727190
0.367754
1.61
0.2039

The College Sample:
Omitted. No one in the cross-sectional College Sample was ever interviewed in jail.

CHAPTER 12: CIVILITY AND CITIZENSHIP
 

DEPENDENT VARIABLE:
Did the subject score “yes” on the Middle Class Values Index?

SAMPLE RESTRICTIONS:
Excludes never-married persons who met all the other conditions of the index and men who were physically unable to work or not in the labor force because they were attending school.

Basic Analysis:
 
Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-LogLikelihood
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Model
3
161.7136
323.4273
0.000000
Error
3025
1937.4328
 
 
C Total
3028
2099.1465
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.0770
 
 
Observations
3029
 
Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Intercept
−0.06385330
0.038934
2.69
0.1010
zAFQT89
+0.63250551
0.0528176
143.41
0.0000
zSES
+0.24495537
0.0520624
22.14
0.0000
zAge
+0.00663732
0.0401929
0.03
0.8688
The High School Sample:
 
Whole-Model Test
Source
DF
-LogLikelihood
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Model
3
3.00926
6.018528
0.110712
Error
1158
781.85686
 
 
C Total
1161
784.86612
 
 
 
RSquare (U)
0.0038
 
 
Observations
1162
 
Parameter Estimates
Term
Estimate
Std Error
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Intercept
+0.39447706
0.0611821
41.57
0.0000
zAFQT89
+0.16814512
0.0931181
3.26
0.0710
zSES
−0.17993040
0.0903402
3.97
0.0464
zAge
+0.01887678
0.0621776
0.09
0.7614

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