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81
. Sikander Shaheen, “Kayani meets top Chinese leadership”,
The Nation
, 29 Oct. 2013,
http://www.nation.com.pk/national/29-Oct-2013/kayani-meetstop-chinese-leadership,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

    
82
. Benjamin Kang Lim and Ben Blanchard, “China suspects Tiananmen crash a suicide attack”, Reuters, 29 Oct. 2013,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/29/us-china-tiananmen-idUSBRE99S02R20131029,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

    
83
. Jeremy Page, “China says Tiananmen crash was terrorism”,
Wall Street Journal
, 30 Oct. 2013,
hhttp://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303618904579167181737377834
, last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

    
84
. “China names Islamic group as ‘supporter’ of Tiananmen attack”, AFP, 1 Nov. 2013,
http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/19638547/china-names-islamic-group-as-supporter-of-tiananmen-attack/,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

    
85
. Zhang Yunbi, “Cooperation needed in terror fight”,
China Daily
, 4 Nov. 2013,
http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2013–11/04/content_17079272.htm,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

    
86
. Andrew Jacobs, “Tiananmen attack linked to police raid on a mosque in Xinjiang”,
New York Times
, 7 Nov. 2013,
http://sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/07/tiananmen-attack-linked-to-police-raid-on-a-mosque-in-xinjiang/?smid=tw-share&_r=0,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

    
87
. “Islamist group calls Tiananmen attack ‘jihadi operation’: SITE”, Reuters, 23 Nov. 2013,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/23/us-china-attack-claim-idUSBRE9AM0B520131123,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

    
88
. “China cites East Turkistan Islamic Movement terrorist threat”, Xinhua, 1 Nov. 2013,
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013–11/01/c_132852165.htm,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

    
89
. The other unsettled issue, with Bhutan, is effectively a subsidiary of the India border problem.

    
90
. See James Mulvenon, Chairman Hu and the PLA’s ‘New Historic Missions’, China Leadership Monitor, no. 27.

    
91
. Author interviews in Beijing, Feb 2014.

NOTE ON SOURCING

    
1
. Syed, Anwar Hussain,
China & Pakistan: Diplomacy of an Entente Cordiale
, London: Oxford University Press, 1974.

    
2
. Aijazuddin, F.S.,
From A Head, Through A Head, To A Head: The Secret Channel between the U.S. and China through Pakistan
, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

    
3
. Ispahani, Mahnaz Z.,
Roads and Rivals: The Political Uses of Access in The Borderlands of Asia
, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989.

    
4
. Gauhar, Altaf,
Ayub Khan: Pakistan’s First Military Ruler
, Lahore: Oxford University Press, 1993.

    
5
. Khalid, Muhammad Mumtaz,
History of the Karakoram Highway, Volumes I and II
, Rawalpindi: Hamza, 2009.

    
6
. Singh, Swaran,
China-Pakistan Strategic Cooperation: India Perspectives
, New Delhi: Manohar Publishers, 2007.

    
7
. Du Youkang,
A Model of State-to-State Relations: Retrospects and Prospects of the China-Pakistan Ties since 1951
, Beijing: Current Affairs Press, 2012.

    
8
. Garver, John W.,
Protracted Contest: Sino-Indian Rivalry in the Twentieth Century
, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001.

    
9
. Khan, Riaz Mohammad, “Pakistan-China Relations: An Overview”,
Pakistan Horizon
, Vol. 64, No. 4, October 2011.

    
10
. Ye Hailin, “China-Pakistan Relationship: All-Weathers, But Maybe Not All-Dimensional”, in Zetterlund, Kristina (ed.),
Pakistan—Consequences of Deteriorating Security in Afghanistan
, Stockholm: Swedish Defence Research Agency, 2009.

    
11
. Ziad Haider, “Sino-Pakistan Relations and Xingiang’s Uighurs’, Asian Survey, Vol. XLV, 4, University of California Press, July/August 2005,
http://www.stimson.org/images/uploads/research-pdfs/XINJIANG.pdf,
last accessed 2 Feb. 2014.

    
12
. Fazlur Rehman, “Pakistan-China Economic Relations Opportunities and Challenges”, Institute of Strategic Studies, 2006,
http://www.issi.org.pk/old-site/ss_Detail.php?datald=390,
last accessed 2 Feb. 2014.

    
13
. See a number of the articles at:
http://raffaellopantucci.com

    
14
. Cheng Xiaohe, “China’s Aid toward Pakistan in the India-Pakistan War II”,
Diplomacy Commentary
, No. 3, 2012.

    
15
. Hu Shisheng, “Afghan Reconstruction: Regional Challenges”, CICIR Institute of South, South East Asian and Oceania Studies, 2012,
http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical_xdgjgx-e2012z1004.aspx,
last accessed 2 Feb. 2014.

    
16
. Wang Jisi, “Marching Westwards: The Rebalancing of China’s Geostrategy”, International and Strategic Studies Report, Centre for International and Strategic Studies, Peking University, No. 73, 7 Oct. 2012.

    
17
. Corera,
Gordon, Shopping for Bombs: Nuclear Proliferation, Global Insecurity, and The Rise and Fall of the A.Q. Khan Network
, London: C. Hurst & Co., 2006.

    
18
. Perkovich, George,
India’s Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation
, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1999.

    
19
. Starr, S. Frederick (ed.),
Xinjiang: China’s Muslim Borderland
, New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2004.

    
20
. Rashid, Ahmed,
Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia
, New York: Penguin Group, 2003.

    
21
. Khan, Feroz H.,
Eating Grass: The Making of The Pakistani Bomb
, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2012.

    
22
. Bass, Gary,
The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide
, New York: Knopf, 2013.

    
23
. Andrew Small, “Afghanistan-Pakistan: Bringing China (back) in”, GMF Transatlantic Take, 23 Oct. 2009,
http://blog.gmfus.org/2009/10/23/afghanistan-pakistan-bringing-china-back-in/,
last accessed 2 Feb. 2014.

    
24
. Andrew Small, “China’s Caution on Afghanistan-Pakistan”,
Washington Quarterly
, Vol. 33, Issue 3, 2010,
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0163660X.2010.492343#.UvUMkHddX8k,
last accessed 2 Feb. 2014.

    
25
. Andrew Small, “Why is China Talking to the Taliban?”,
Foreign Policy
, 21 Jun. 2013,
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/06/20/why_is_china_talking_to_the_taliban,
last accessed 2 Feb. 2014.

    
26.
Andrew Small, “China’s Afghan Moment”,
Foreign Policy
, 3 Oct. 2012,
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/03/chinas_afghan_moment,
last accessed 2 Feb. 2014.

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From a Head, Through a Head, To a Head: The Secret Channel between the U.S. and China through Pakistan
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_______
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_______
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