The China-Pakistan Axis: Asia's New Geopolitics (45 page)

    
95
. Munawar Hasan, “Taliban team to visit China to boost trade”,
The Nation
, 21 Nov. 2000,
http://www.afghanistannewscenter.com/news/2001/july/jul4p2001.html,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

    
96
. Bergen, Peter,
The Longest War: The Enduring Conflict between America and Al-Qaeda
, London: Free Press, 2011, p. 188.

    
97
. Zaeef,
My Life
, p. 135.

    
98
. Ibid.

    
99
. “Security Council imposes wide new measures against Taliban authorities in Afghanistan, demands action on terrorism”, UN Security Council press release SC/6979, 19 Dec. 2000,
http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2000/20001219.sc6979.doc.html,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

100
. Mohan Malik, “Dragon On Terrorism”.

101
. Abu Mus’ab al-Suri, “The Call to Global Islamic Resistance”, quoted in Brian Fishman, “Al-Qaeda and the Rise of China: Jihadi Geopolitics in a Post-Hegemonic World”,
Washington Quarterly
, Summer 2011,
http://csis.org/files/publication/twq11summerfishman.pdf,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

102
. Rashid, Ahmed,
Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia
, New York: Penguin Group, 2003, p. 176 and p. 204.

103
. Zaeef,
My Life
, p. 126.

104
. Munawar Hasan, “Taliban team”.

105
. John Pomfret, “China strengthens ties with Taliban by signing economic deal,”
International Herald Tribune
, 13 Sep. 2001,
http://www.propagandamatrix.com/china_economic_deal_taliban.html,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

106
. Funabashi, Yoichi,
The Peninsular Question: A Chronicle of the Second Korean Nuclear Crisis
, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2007, pp. 266–7.

107
. Author interviews in Washington, DC, Nov. 2008.

108
. “FBI office opened in US embassy in Beijing”,
People’s Daily
, 25 Oct. 2002,
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200210/24/eng20021024_105622.shtml,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

109
. Swaine, Michael D.,
America’s Challenge: Engaging a Rising China in the Twenty-First Century
, Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2011, p. 231.

110
. Cockburn, Andrew,
Rumsfeld: His Rise, Fall and Catastrophic Legacy
, New York: Scribner, 2007, p. 125.

111
. Ibid.

112
. Shirley A. Khan, “China-U.S. Aircraft Collision Incident of April 2001: Assessments and Policy Implications”, CRS Report for Congress, Updated 10 Oct. 2001,
https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL30946.pdf,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

113
. Musharraf, Pervez,
In The Line Of Fire: A Memoir
, New York: Free Press, 2008, p. 204–06.

114
. Author interviews, Islamabad, Jun. 2013.

115
. Willy Wo-Lap Lam, “Smoke Clears over China’s U.S. Strategy”, CNN, 26 Sep. 2001,
http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/09/25/willy.column/,
last accessed 19 Nov. 2013.

116
. Pollpeter, Kevin,
U.S.-China Security Management: Assessing the Military-to-Military Relationship
, Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2004, p. 31; John W. Garver, “China’s Influence in Central and South Asia: Is it Increasing?”, in David Shambaugh (ed.),
Power Shift: China and East Asia’s New Dynamics
, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2005, p. 215.

117
. “U.S. ‘threatened to bomb’ Pakistan”, BBC News, 22 Sep. 2006, http://
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/south_asia/5369198.stm,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014; see also the denials of this account in Daniel Markey,
No Exit From Pakistan: America’s Tortured Relationship with Islamabad
, loc. 3243 of 7903, 2013, New York: Cambridge University Press, [IPAD 3rd Generation; MD366LL/A version].

118
. Fazlur Rehhman, “Pakistan’s Evolving Relations with China, Russia, and Central Asia”,
Acta Slavica Iaponica
, No. 16, Slavic Research Center, 25 Jun. 2007, p. 215.

119
. Author interviews in Islamabad, Jun. 2013, and Beijing, Dec. 2012.

120
. “President Jiang Zemin had a telephone conversation with Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf ”, Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2 Feb. 2001,
http://sa.china-embassy.org/eng/zt/fdkbzy/t154518.htm,
last accessed 20 Nov. 2013.

121
. Khan, Riaz Mohammad,
Afghanistan and Pakistan: Conflict, Extremism, and Resistance to Modernity
, Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 199.

122
. Daniel Korski and John Fox, “Can China Save Afghanistan?”, European Council on Foreign Relations, 29 Sep. 2008,
http://www.ecfr.eu/content/entry/can_china_save_afghanistan/,
last accessed 20 Nov. 2013.

123
. “First Fiber Optic Network in Afghanistan”,
Wadsam.com,
2 Dec. 2012,
http://www.wadsam.com/first-fiber-optic-network-in-afghanistan-798/,last
accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

124
. Sean Cronin, “Chinese Contractor Snags Afghan Road building Work”,
ENR: Engineering News-Record
, Vol. 251, Issue 22, 22 Dec. 2003, p. 16,
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/11634154/chinese-contractor-snags-afghan-roadbuilding-work,
last accessed 20 Nov. 2013.

125
. Peter Wonacott, “Afghan road project shows bumps in drive for stability”,
Wall Street Journal
, 17 Aug. 2009,
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB125046546672735403,
last accessed 20 Nov. 2013.

126
. “China to repair Kabul hospital”,
China Daily
, 16 Jul. 2002,
http://www.china.org.cn/english/Life/36999.htm,
last accessed 20 Nov. 2013.

127
. “China-built hospital helps Afghan war victims in Kandahar”,
Afghan Voice Agency
, 2 Feb. 2013,
http://avapress.com/vdcjmoei.uqea8z29fu.html,last
accessed 20 Nov. 2013.

128
. Farid Behbud, “China-funded irrigation project helps boost farming in Afghanistan”,
Xinhua
, 8 Jan. 2012,
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/indepth/2012–01/08/c_131348931.htm,
last accessed 20 Nov. 2013.

129
. “Kabul zoo gets lions, bears from China”, Associated Press, 3 Oct. 2002,
http://cjonline.com/stories/100302/usw_zoo.shtml,
last accessed 20 Nov. 2013.

130
. “Lion of Kabul roars his last”, BBC News, 26 Jan. 2002,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1783910.stm,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

131
. Alisa Tang, “Chinese prostitutes imported to Afghanistan”,
USA Today
, 14 Jun. 2008,
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2008–06–14–2605427433_x.htm,
last accessed 20 Nov. 2013.

132
. Rashid, Ahmed,
Descent into Chaos: The U.S. and the Disaster in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia
, London: Penguin Books, 2009, pp. 240–42.

133
. Ibid. p. 242.

134
. Bruce Riedel,
Pakistan, Taliban and the Afghan Quagmire
, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 24 Aug. 2013,
http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2013/08/26-pakistan-influence-over-afghan-talibanriedel,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

135
. David Rhode, “Taliban officials tell of plans to grind down the Americans”,
New York Times
, 12 Sep. 2003,
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/12/international/asia/12TALI.html,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

136
. Gilles Dorronsoro,
The Taliban’s Winning Strategy in Afghanistan
, Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Jul. 2009,
http://carnegieendowment.org/files/taliban_winning_strategy.pdf,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

137
. Riedel,
Pakistan, Taliban
.

138
. C.J. Chivers, “Central Asians call on U.S. to set a timetable for closing bases”,
New York Times
, 6 Jul. 2005,
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/06/international/asia/06kazakhstan.html,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

139
. Kimberly Marten, “Understanding the Impact of the K2 Closure”, PONARS Policy Memo, No. 401, Dec. 2005; Alexander Cooley,
Base Politics: Democratic Change and the U.S. Military Overseas
, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2008, pp. 230–32.

140
. Author interviews, Kabul, Aug. 2010.

141
. “China still meeting with Taliban”,
Free Republic
, 10 Sep. 2002,
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/747598/posts,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

142
. Author interviews, Washington, DC, Feb. 2012 and Beijing, Sep. 2012.

143
. Zhao Huasheng,
China and Afghanistan: China’s Interest, Stances and Perspectives
, Washington, DC: Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Mar. 2012,
http://csis.org/files/publication/120322_Zhao_ChinaAfghan_web.pdf,
last accessed 24 Jan. 2014.

144
. Paul Danahar, “Taleban ‘getting Chinese arms’”, BBC News, 3 Sep. 2007,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6975934.stm,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

145
. “Chinese weapons reaching Taliban”,
One India News
, 4 Sep. 2007, http:// news.oneindia.in/2007/09/04/chinese-weapons-reaching-taliban.xhtml, last accessed 9 Dec. 2013.

146
. Author interviews, Peshawar, Jun. 2013, and Washington, DC, May 2013.

147
. Donor Financial Review, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ministry of Finance, Report 1388, Nov. 2009, p. 38,
http://www.undp.org.af/Publications/KeyDocuments/Donor’sFinancialReview%20ReportNov2009.pdf,last
accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

148
. Author interview in Kabul, Aug. 2010.

149
. Peter Wonacott, “Afghan road project shows bumps in drive for stability”,
Wall Street Journal
, 17 Aug. 2009,
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB125046546672735403,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

150
. Author interviews in Kabul, Aug. 2010.

151
. Ibid.

152
. Bernard Smith, “Afghan hospital in coma for poor workmanship”, Al Jazeera, 3 Oct. 2012,
http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/10/201210210243520232.html,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

153
. “Chinese prostitutes arrested in Kabul ‘restaurant’ raids”,
Independent
, 10 Feb. 2006,
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/chineseprostitutes-arrested-in-kabul-restaurant-raids-466118.html,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

154
. Author interviews in Kabul, Aug. 2010.

155
. “Eleven Chinese workers killed in Afghan attack”,
China Daily
, 10 Jun. 2004,
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004–06/10/content_338324.htm,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

156
. Keith B. Richburg, “As Taliban makes comeback in Kunduz Province, war spreads to Northern Afghanistan”,
Washington Post
, 19 Mar. 2010,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/18/AR2010031805399.html,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

157
. Michael Moran, “The ‘Airlift of Evil’”, Council on Foreign Relations, 29 Nov. 2001,
http://www.cfr.org/pakistan/airlift-evil/p10301,
last accessed 9 Dec. 2013.

158
. “Mystery surrounds attack on road workers”,
China Daily
, 13 Jun. 2004,
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004–06/13/content_338972.htm,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

159
. Qin Yuding, “Bodies of slain workers brought home”,
China Daily
, 14 Jun. 2004,
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004–06/14/content_339316.htm,
last accessed 2 Feb. 2014.

160
. Gen. Mohammed Daoud, Kunduz military, paraphrased in Amir Shah, “10 Arrested in Afghan Killing of Chinese”, Associated Press, 13 Jun. 2004.

161
. Rashid,
Taliban
, pp. 184–7.

162
. “Hizb-i-Islami Gulbuddin (HIG)”, Institute for the Study of War,
http://www.understandingwar.org/hizb-i-islami-gulbuddin-hig,
last accessed 20 Nov. 2013.

163
. Syed Saleen Shahzad, “The new Afghan jihad is born”,
Asia Times
, 7 Sep. 2002,
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/DI07Ag02.html,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

164
. Mohammad Shezad, “Interview with Gulbuddin Hekmatyar”,
Sikh Spectrum
, Issue 17, Aug. 2004.

165
. Author interviews, Kabul, Aug. 2010.

166
. Ibid.

167
. Author interviews, Kabul, Feb. 2012.

168
. Michelle Nichols, “Ancient relics will delay huge Afghan copper mine”, Reuters, 5 Dec. 2010,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/12/05/afghanistan-mcc-relics-idAFSGE6B401B20101205,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

169
. Alexandros Petersen, “China’s strategy in Afghanistan”,
The Atlantic
, 21 May 2013,
http://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/05/chinas-strategy-in-afghanistan/276052/,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

170
. Missy Ryan and Susan Cornwell, “U.S. says Pakistan’s ISI supported Kabul embassy attack”, Reuters, 22 Sep. 2011,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/22/us-usa-pakistan-idUSTRE78L39720110922,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

171
. Eric Schmitt and Alissa J. Rubin, “Afghanistan assaults signal evolution of a militant foe”,
New York Times
, 16 Apr. 2012,
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/17/world/asia/afghan-assaults-signal-evolution-of-haqqaninetwork.html,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.