The China-Pakistan Axis: Asia's New Geopolitics (48 page)

    
86
. Sergei DeSilva-Ranasinghe, “China refutes Gwadar naval base conjecture”,
Jakarta Post
, 13 Jun. 2011,
http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/06/13/china-refutes-gwadar-naval-base-conjecture.html,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

    
87
. Author interviews in Paris, May 2011.

    
88
. “Bin Laden raid: China ‘viewed US helicopter wreckage’”, BBC News, 15 Aug. 2011,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-14527170,last
accessed 24 Jan. 2014; Sanger, David E.,
Confront and Conceal: Obama’s Secret Wars and Surprising Use of American Power
, New York: Crown Publishing, 2012, 2012, p. 102.

    
89
. Author interviews in Washington, Nov. 2010.

    
90
. Author interviews in Washington, Jun. 2010.

    
91
. “Karl Eikenberry, Obama’s man in Afghanistan”, CNN, 12 Nov. 2009,
http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/11/12/eikenberry.profile/index.html?eref=rss_latest,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

    
92
. Author interviews in Kabul, Aug. 2010.

    
93
. Ibid.

    
94
. Author interviews in London, Brussels, Washington and Beijing, Sep. 2008—Dec. 2010.

    
95
. “Full text of Chinese FM’s remarks at London Conference on Afghanistan”,
Global Times
, 28 Jan. 2010,
http://www.globaltimes.cn/china/diplomacy/2010–01/502104.html,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

    
96
. Author interviews in Beijing and Washington, Jun. 2009.

    
97
. Aubrey Carlson, “SRAP Holbrooke’s April 15 dinner with Chinese foreign minister Yang Jiechi”, U.S. State Department Cable, 20 Apr. 2009,
https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09BEIJING1046_a.html,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

    
98
. See previous chapter for additional details.

    
99
. “The Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act”, USAID, 16 Dec. 2013,
http://www.usaid.gov/pk/about/klb.html,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

100
. Aubrey Carlson, “China standing by on Afghanistan and Pakistan”, U.S. State Department Cable, 9 Mar. 2009,
https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09beijing606_a.html2009,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

101
. See Woodward, Bob,
Obama’s Wars
, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010 for the blow-by-blow account.

102
. “Remarks by the President in Address to the Nation on the Way Forward in Afghanistan and Pakistan”, The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, 1 Dec. 2009,
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-address-nation-way-forward-afghanistan-and-pakistan,last
accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

103
. Author interviews in Kabul, Aug. 2010; Beijing, Jul. 2010 and Dec. 2009.
104
. Author interviews in Beijing, Nov. 2011.

105
. “Action Request On U.S.-China Joint Assistance To Afghanistan”, U.S. State Department Cable, 22 Jan. 2010,
https://www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/10STATE6320_a.html,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

106
. Author interviews in Beijing, Nov. 2011; “U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue 2011 Outcomes of the Strategic Track”, U.S. State Department, Office of the Spokesman, 10 May 2011,
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/05/162967.htm,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

107
. “List of U.S.-China Cooperative Projects”, U.S. State Department Media Note, Office of the Spokesperson, 22 Jan. 2014,
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2014/01/220530.htm,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

108
. Richard Weitz, “Global Insights: China Ponders U.S. Withdrawal from Afghanistan”,
World Politics Review
, 6 Sep. 2011,
http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/9910/global-insights-china-ponders-u-s-with-drawal-from-afghanistan,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.
109
. Author interviews in Beijing, Nov. 2011.

110
. Jonathon Burch and Myra MacDonald, “China takes higher-profile role in Afghan diplomacy—diplomats”, Reuters, 3 Nov. 2011,
http://in.reuters.com/article/2011/11/02/idINIndia-60281020111102,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

111
. Author interviews in Washington, DC, Jan. 2012.

112
. Iftikhar Firdous, “24 soldiers killed in NATO attack on Pakistan check post”,
Express Tribune
, 26 Nov. 2011,
http://tribune.com.pk/story/297979/nato-jets-attack-checkpost-on-pak-afghan-border/,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

113
. Author interviews in Washington, DC, Jan. 2012.

114
. “SCO admits Afghanistan as observer”,
Dawn
, 7 Jun. 2012,
http://www.dawn.com/news/724732/sco-admits-afghanistan-as-observe,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

115
. “China, Afghanistan in strategic partnership”,
China Daily
, 8 Jun. 2012,
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012–06/08/content_15489241.htm,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

116
. “China’s security chief makes surprise visit to Afghan capital”, Bloomberg, 23 Sep. 2012,
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012–09–23/china-s-security-chief-makes-surprise-visit-to-afghanistan-1-.html,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

117
. “China, Russia and India hold talks on Afghanistan”,
Xinhua
, 16 Jan. 2014,
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014–01/16/c_126017891.htm,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

118
. “India, China to hold first dialogue on Afghanistan”,
Times of India
, 17 Apr. 2013,
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013–04–17/india/38615480_1_first-ever-dialogue-close-ally-pakistan-xinjiang,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

119
. Author interviews in Beijing, Kabul and Washington, DC, 2012–13.

120
. Author interviews in Washington, DC, Feb. 2012.

121
. Author interviews in Beijing, Feb. 2014.

122
. Ibid.

123
. Author interviews in Beijing and Washington, DC, 2012–13.

124
. Matthew Rosenberg, “Karzai told to dump U.S.”,
Wall Street Journal
, 27 Apr. 2011,
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704729304576287041094035816,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

125
. Ibid.

126
. Chidanand Rajghatta, “Pak tries to outflank US and India in Kabul with China card”,
Times of India
, 28 Apr. 2011,
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011–04–28/us/29482082_1_yousuf-raza-gilani-afghanpresident-hamid-karzai-shuja-pasha,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

127
. Author interviews in Islamabad, Jun. 2013.

128
. Author interviews in Beijing, Oct. 2012; Zhao Huasheng, “China and Afghanistan”, p. 4.

129
. Author interviews in Kabul, Feb. 2012.

130
. Author interviews in Beijing, Feb. 2014.

131
. Kenneth Lieberthal, “The American Pivot to Asia”,
Foreign Policy
, 21 Dec. 2011,
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/12/21/the_american_pivot_to_asia,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

132
. Hillary Clinton, “America’s Pacific Century”,
Foreign Policy
, 11 Oct. 2011,
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/10/11/americas_pacific_century,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

133
. Ryan Lizza, “The consequentialist”,
New Yorker
, 2 May 2011,
http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/05/02/110502fa_fact_lizza?currentPage=all,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

134
. Zhou Jinghao, “US containment frays China’s nerves”,
Global Times
, 25 Nov. 2013,
http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/827508.shtml,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

135
. Author interviews in Beijing, Jan. 2012–Dec. 2012.

136
. Wang Jisi, “Westward: China’s Rebalancing Geopolitical Strategy”, International and Strategic Studies Report 73, Center for International and Strategic Studies at Peking University, 2012, pp. 6–7.

137
. Ibid. p. 6.

138
. Author interviews in Beijing, Dec. 2012.

139
. Author interviews in Beijing, Dec. 2012, and Washington, DC, Sept. 2013.

EPILOGUE: THE DRAGON MEETS THE LION

    
1
. Tariq Fatemi, “Chinese prime minister’s visit”,
The Express Tribune
, 21 May 2013,
http://tribune.com.pk/story/552398/chinese-prime-ministers-visit/,last
accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

    
2
. Author interviews in Beijing and Islamabad, 2008–13.

    
3
. Author interviews in Islamabad, May 2013.

    
4
. “PML-N dominates Punjab, PTI rule K-P, PPP hold Sindh”,
The Express Tribune
, 12 May 2013,
http://tribune.com.pk/story/548201/pml-n-dominates-punjab-pti-rule-k-p-ppp-hold-sindh/,
last accessed 30 Nov. 2013.

    
5
. Bruce Riedel, “Nawaz Sharif, Pakistan’s comeback kid”,
The Daily Beast
, 14 May 2013,
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/05/14/nawaz-sharif-pakistan-s-comeback-kid.html,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

    
6
. Nawaz Sharif and Shahbaz Sharif, “Victory Speech, Election 2013”, Lahore, 11 May 2013.

    
7
. Faran Bokhari and Victor Mallet, “Nawaz Sharif takes steps to revive Pakistan’s economy”,
Financial Times
, 13 May 2013,
http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/374bc1a6-bbe8–11e2-a4b4–00144feab7de.html#axzz2lr7lLTWA,
last accessed 27 Nov. 2013.

    
8
. Author interviews in Beijing, 2008–13.

    
9
. Paul Bonnicelli, “Pakistan’s Third Chance with Sharif ”,
Foreign Policy
, 20 May 2013,
http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/05/20/pakistans_third_chance_with_sharif,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2013; Mira Sethi, “Watch the Throne”,
The Caravan
, 1 Apr. 2013,
http://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/watch-throne,
last accessed 27 Jan. 2014.

    
10
. “Nawaz Sharif ’s PML-N leads, Imran Khan’s PTI 2nd”
Ibnlive.in.com
,
http://ibnlive.in.com/news/pakistan-polls-live-nawaz-sharifs-pmln-leadsimran-khans-pti-2nd/391076–56.html
, last accessed 27 Nov. 2013.

    
11
. Ananth Krishnan, “China reaches out to Imran Khan amid stability fears”,
The Hindu
, 2 Nov. 2011,
http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/china-reaches-out-to-imran-khan-amid-stability-fears/article2591996.ece,last
accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

    
12
. Zahir Shah Sherazi, “No enmity with the Taliban, says PTI CM-designate”,
Dawn
, 17 Mar. 2013,
http://www.dawn.com/news/1027360/no-enmity-with-the-taliban-says-pti-cm-designate,
last accessed 7 Nov. 2013.

    
13
. “A landmark decision for Balochistan and the monumental challenges
ahead”,
The Balochhal
, 3 Jun. 2013,
http://thebalochhal.com/2013/06/03/editorial-a-landmark-decision-for-balochistan-and-the-monumental-challenges-ahead/,
last accessed 27 Nov. 2013.

    
14
. One of the more striking examples of Pakistan’s proliferation of new media outlets is the increased number and independence of television channels. In the year 2000, Pakistan had only three television channels, all of which were state-owned. By 2012, that number had increased to 89. See Huma Yusuf and Enrys Schoemaker, “The media of Pakistan: Fostering inclusion in a fragile democracy?”,
BBC Media Action
, Policy Briefing #9, September 2013.

    
15
. Declan Walsh, “Pakistani court widens role, atirring fears for stability”,
New York Times
, 22 Jan. 2012,
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/23/world/asia/pakistan-high-court-widens-role-and-stirs-fears.html?pagewanted=all,last
accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

    
16
. Author interview in Washington, DC, Jun. 2013.

    
17
. “China’s ‘princelings’ wield sway to shape politics”,
New York Times
, 13 Nov. 2012,
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/14/world/asia/chinas-princelings-wield-influence-to-shape-politics.html?pagewanted=all,
last accessed 20 Jan. 2014.

    
18
. “Shadow of former president looms over China’s new leaders”, CNN, 16 Nov. 2012,
http://edition.cnn.com/2012/11/15/world/asia/china-lead-ership-reaction-cheng-li/,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

    
19
. “Everybody who loves Mr [sic] Xi, say yes”,
The Economist
, 16 Nov. 2013,
http://www.economist.com/news/china/21589869-communist-party-calls-wide-ranging-economic-reforms-and-gives-itself-new-tools-implement,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

    
20
. “Accumulated Regional Domestic Product”, Chinese National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), data collected in 2012.

    
21
. “China president opens Turkmenistan gas pipeline”, BBC, 14 Dec. 2009,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8411204.stm,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

    
22
. “China-Kazakhstan pipeline starts to pump oil”,
China Daily
, 15 Dec. 2005,
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005–12/15/content_503709.htm,
last accessed 26 Jan. 2014.

    
23
. Keith Bradsher, “Hauling new treasure along the Silk Road”,
New York Times
, 20 Jul. 2013,
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/21/business/global/hauling-new-treasure-along-the-silk-road.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&,last
accessed 21 Jul. 2013.