The China Study (63 page)

402                                    THE CHINA STUDY
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Appendix A
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4. Youngman LD, and Campbell TC. "Inhibition of aflatoxin Bl-induced gamma-glutamyl
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5. Horio F, Youngman LD, Bell RC, et al. "Thermogenesis, low-protein diets, and decreased de-
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6. Bell RC, Levitsky DA, and Campbell TC. "Enhanced thermogenesis and reduced growth rates
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801--801.
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tein diets." Metabolism 32 (1983): 257-261.
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Appendix B
1. Chenj, Campbell TC, Lij, et al. Diet, life-style and mortality in China. A study of the character-
istics of 65 Chinese counties. Oxford, UK; Ithaca, NY; Beijing, PRC: Oxford University Press;
Cornell University Press; People's Medical Publishing House, 1990.
2. There were eight-two mortality rates, but about a third of these rates were duplicates of the
same disease for people of different ages.

403
REFERENCES
3. This also means that very little or no useful information is obtained by including the values of
all the individuals in the county. There is only one disease rate for each county; thus it is only
necessary to have one number for any of the variables being compared with the disease rate.
4. Piazza A. Food consumption and nutritional status in the People~ Republic of China. london:
Westview Press, 1986.
5. Messina M, and Messina V The Dietitian~ Guide to Vegetarian Diets. Issues and Applications.
Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc., 1996.
Appendix C
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(1996): 15-17.
7. Cantorna MT, Hayes CE, and Deluca HE "1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 reversibly blocks the
progression of relapsing encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis. " Proc. National
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8. Rozen F, Yang X-F, Huynh H, et al. "Antiproliferative action of vitamin D-related compounds
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(1997): 652-656.
9. Cosman F, NievesJ, Komar l, et al. "Fracture history and bone loss in patients with MS. "
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10. Giovannucci E, Rimm E, Wolk A, et al. "Calcium and fructose intake in relation to risk of
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11 . Peehl DM, Krishnan AV, and Feldman D. "Pathways mediating the growth-inhibitory action
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12. Zelia JB, McCary lC, and Deluca HE "Oral administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
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13. Davenport CB. "Multiple sclerosis from the standpoint of geographic distribution and race."
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15. Van der Mei lA, Ponsonby AL, Blizzard L, et al. "Regional variation in multiple sclerosis
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miology 20 (2001): 168-174.
16. McLeodJG , Hammond SR, and Hallpike JE "Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Australia.
With NSW and SA survey results. " Med.j. Austr 160 (1994): 117-122.
17. Holick ME "Vitamin D: a millenium perspective." j. Cell. Biochem. 88 (2003): 296-307.
18. MacLaughlinJA, Gange W, Taylor D, et al. "Cultured psoriatic fibroblasts from involved and
uninvolved sites have a partial, but not absolute resistance to the proliferation-inhibtion ac-
tivity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin Ds" Proc. National Acad. Sci 52 (1985): 5409-5412.

404                                 THE CHINA STUDY
19. Goldberg P, Fleming MC, and Picard EH. "Multiple sclerosis: decreased relapse rate through
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193-200.
20. Andjelkovic Z, Vojinovic J, Pejnovic N, et al. "Disease modifying and immunomodulatory
effects of high dose la(OH)D) in rheumatoid arthritis patients." elin. Exp. Rheumatol. 17
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21. Hypponen E, laara E, Reunanen A, et al. "Intake of vitamin D and risk of Type 1 diabetes: a
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Index
American Heart Association, 131
7,12-dimethybenz(a)anthracene
American Institute for Cancer Research
(DBMA),65
(AICR), 261-67
A                                         American Meat Institute, 290
amino acids, 29-30
academia, 311-13
aminotriazole, 44
acrylamide, 235
Anderson, j a m e s , 151 , 154
additives, food, 253
adverse drug reactions, 16, 335           Angell, Marcia, 316-17, 333-34
affluence, diseases of. See diseases of   angina, 113
angioplasty, 122, 124
affluence
animal-based diet, 21, 28
aflatoxin, 5,236
antioxidants, 92
binding to DNA, 51-53
blood cholesterol, 77-78, 80-81
children, 36
breast cancer, 85-89, 285
in com, 35-36
calorie consumption, 367
foci development, 54,59
comparison with plant-based
liver cancer, 21, 35-36, 49
diet, 358
low-protein diet, 53
diabetes, 149-50
in peanuts and peanut butter, 35-36
dietary fat, 83, 86
protein, 51-59
government promotion of, 258
tumor development, 60-61
heart disease , 11 7-19
Agriculture, United States Department
historical baSis, 344-45
of,28
hormones (reproductive) , 88, 160,
Alar, 43
160-61
alcohol, 281
alternative medicine, 252, 334               IGF-l (Insulin-like Growth Factor
1), 179
Alzheimer's disease, 218-22
large bowel cancer, 170, 170-71
See also cognitive impairment
nutrition, 230, 230-32
American Cancer Society, 263-64, 267
prostate cancer, 178
American Council on Science and Health
tumor development, 66-67
(ACSH),259-60
American Diabetes Association, 152           in the United States, 274, 276-78
405

406                              THE CHINA STUDY
vitamin D, 179-81                       beta-amylOid, 219, 221
See also dairy foods                    beta-carotene, 93, 94, 229
biomarkers, 21, 88-89, 94, 199
animal-based protein
blood cholesterol, 77, 1 0 6 - 7
biomarkers, 88-89
blood cholesterol, 80, 173                 animal-based protein, 80, 173
calcium, 205                               breast cancer, 87
cancer, 367                                 cancer, 78-79
diabetes, 149-55, 152, 154
in China, 274
diet and nutrition, 80-81
dietary fat, 276-78, 278
heart disease, 119 , 120                    heart disease, 114-15
IGF-l (Insulin-like Growth Factor           liver cancer, 104
1),367                            blood sugar. See diabetes
kidney stones, 212-14,213               BMD (bone mineral density), 210
BMI (body mass index) , 100, 135-36,
osteoporosis, 205-8
quality of protein, 30                          136
in the United States, 274               body fat, 78
body mass index (BMI), 100, 135-46,136
urinary calcium, 206, 214
vitamin D, 200, 365-67, 366             body size, 102-4
bone mineral density (BMD) , 210
animal experimentation, 45 , 48, 62-64,
bovine serum albumin (BSA), 188
67,351-52
BRCA 1 and 2, 1 5 8 , 1 6 2
animal foods industry, 252, 255-68
See also food industry                  breast cancer
alcohol, 281
antigens, 185-86
antioxidants, 3, 66, 92-93, 214-17,            biomarkers, 21
blood cholesterol, 87
219-20, 3 0 1 - 2
Applebaum, Howard, 258                         bone mineral density, 210
casein, 65
apples, 43
in China, 70
Appleton, Scott, 54
arthritis, 199, 210,338                        death rates, 275
artificial sweeteners, 44                      diet and nutrition, 65, 84-86, 85-89,
ascorbic acid, 93                                    271-83 , 285
atherosclerosis, 117                           dietary fat, 83-89, 84-86, 271-75,275
Atkins Center for Complementary                estrogen, 87-88, 160-61, 164
Medicine, 96-97                        genetic predispOSition to, 158, 161-62
Atkins Diet. See high-protein diet             hormone replacement therapy (HRT),
Atwater, Wilbur 0., 28                               166-67
hormones (reproductive), 3, 87-88,
Auburn University, 32
autoimmune diseases, 183-87, 184, 199-               160, 164, 167-68
201,237,349                            menarche, 87
See also diabetes; multiple sclerosis      risk factors, 160, 160-61
scientific studies, 21, 167-68, 2 7 2 - 8 5
Autret, M., 33
survival rates, 163
B                                              tamoxifen, 163-64
in the United States, 71 , 79
B-cells, 185
See also BRCA 1 and 2
Bauman, Dale, 297-98, 300
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 328
Baxter Healthcare Corporation, 328

IN 0EX                                      407
See also carcinogens; diseases of
Brokaw, Tom, 258
BSA (bovine serum albumin), 188                        affluence; tumor development;
Burger King, 312                                       specific types of cancer
Burkitt, Denis, 89-91,170-71                  Cancer Atlas Survey, 70-71
Bush, George W, 168, 175-76                   carbohydrates, 97-99, 149-55, 174,
306-8
C                                                 See also high-protein diet
carcinogens, 43-47, 49, 52
Caedo, Jose, 36
calcitrol, 208                                carotenoid antioxidants, 3, 66, 92-93,
214-20, 3 0 1 - 2
calcium
Carroll, Ken, 84, 274-75
animal-based protein, 205
casein
consumption, 209
breast cancer, 65
large bowel cancer, 174-75
osteoporosis, 209                             cancer, 6, 59, 65 , 294
vitamin D, 179-81,365-67,366                  DNA, 65
Calloway, Doris, 259                             foci development, 62
calorie consumption, 99-102,100, 141,            HBV (hepatitis B virus), 63-65, 64
367                                       heart disease, 294
Campbell, Chris, 23,121                           tumor development, 60-61
Campbell, T. Colin, xiii-xiv, 4-6, 22, 107,      See also dairy foods; high-protein diet;
157, 2 5 3 - 6 8                                protein
cancer                                        Castelli, Bill, 79
animal-based protein, 367                  cataracts, 217
animal experimentation, 351-52             Cattlemen'S Beef Association, 299, 328
blood cholesterol, 78-79                   Cattlemen's Beef Board, 299
body size, 102-3                           Chef Combo's Fantastic Adventures, 293
casein, 6, 59, 65, 294                     chemicals, environmental, 165-66
in China, 70-71, 71                        Chen, Junshi, 67, 69,72, 355
death rates, 13, 70-71, 71                 Cheney, Dick, 168
dietary fat, 84, 271                       Cheng, Zhiqiang, 63
fiber, 91-92                               children
genetic predisposition to, 71, 85, 88-89      aflatoxin poisoning, 36
diabetes, 187-94
geographic distribution, 70
obesity in, 135-37
gluten, 59
likelihood of developing, 12-13               targeted by food industry, 292-95
China
low-protein diet, 53
nutrition, 50, 60-61, 181-82,260-61,          breast cancer in, 70
271                                     calorie consumption, 99-102
plant-based diet, 348-49                      cancer in, 70-71,71
protein, 36-37, 51, 65                        diet and nutrition, 21-22, 74,273-74,
scientific studies, 53-67, 84, 181-82,              358
HBV (hepatitis B virus), 104
260-61,351-52
liver cancer in, 104
stages of, 48-50, 49
See also China Study; The
tumor development, 61
vitamin C, 93-94                           China Study, The, 7, 21-22, 69-108,
vitamins, 269                                     353-59