The China Study (64 page)

408                               THE CHINA STUDY
Chittenden, Russell, 24                       Danone Group, 289
cholesterol. See blood cholesterol; dietary   DBMA (7, 12-dimethybenz(a)anthracen
cholesterol                                     e), 65
Chou EnLai, 69                                DDT, 44
CLA (conjugated linoleic acid), 296-99        death, 15-16, 16
Cleveland Clinic, 125, 322-24, 338-41         death rates
Coca-Cola, 312                                    breast cancer, 275
cancer, 13, 70-71, 71
cognitive impairment, 3, 218-22, 349
Cold is Cool, 293                                  in China, 70-71
colon cancer. See large bowel cancer               heart disease, 111-12, 115-17, 116
colonoscopy, 168, 175-76                          large bowel cancer, 169, 169
color (of fruits and vegetables), 92-93           multiple sclerosis, 196
colorectal cancer. See large bowel cancer         in the United States, 79,111-12
Committee on Nutrition, United States         Demas, Antonia, 317-18
Senate Select, 83                      dementia, 218-22
complex carbohydrates, 98                     Department of Agriculture, 28
conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), 296-99        diabetes
constitutional nature of disease,                 about, 14-15, 145-48
343-44                                     alcohol, 281
corn, 35-36                                       among Japanese, ISO
Cornell University, 32                            blood cholesterol, 149-55, 152, 154
carbohydrates, 149-55
coronary bypass surgery, 122, 123-24
coronary heart disease. See heart disease         children, 187-94
correlation study deSign, 353-59                  costs of, 148
correlations, 39-40                               diet and nutrition, 3, 148, 149-55,
See also disease associations                        153,349
Council on Agriculture, Science and               dietary fat, 149-55
Technology (CAST), 260-61                  in Finland, 188, 191
Crile, George, Jr., 322                           genetic predisposition to, 188-90
crytoxanthins, 93                                 immune system, 187
cyclamates, 44                                    large bowel cancer, 174
lifestyle changes, 153-55
D                                                 milk, 187-94, 190
dairy foods                                       rates of, 145, 148
autoimmune diseases, 199-201                   risk factors, 189
osteoporosis, 204-5, 208-10                   scientific controversy, 192-94
prostate cancer, 3, 178                       scientific studies, 149-53, 188-97
vitamin D, 179-81                             Seventh-day Adventists, 149-50
See also animal-based diet; casein;            in the United States, 15, 189
milk                                     viruses, 190
dairy industry, 209-10, 255-68, 290-98,          weight, 149
328                                       See also autoimmune diseases;
See also food industry                               diseases of affluence
Dairy Management, Inc., 291-98                diet. See nutrition; specific diets
Dannon Institute, 311, 328                    Diet, Nutrition and Cancer (NAS report),
Dannon Yogurt, 312                                    83-84,255,260-61,269

409
IN 0EX
Egg Nutrition Board, 328
dietary changes, xvi, 3, 164-65, 181--82,
226,242-48,346                        eggs, 30, 282--83
Eli Lilly &: Co., 289
dietary cholesterol, 77-81, 221, 282-83
Engel, Charlie, 33
dietary fat, 66, 78
environmental chemicals, 2, 165-66, 235
animal-based diet, 83, 86
environmental effects of diet, 239-40,
animal-based protein, 276-78, 278
breast cancer, 83-89, 84--86, 271-75,             347-48
enzymes, 51-52, 51-53
275
eosinophilic vasculitis, 199
cancer, 84, 271
EPIC study, 172
confusion about, 81--82
esophageal cancer, 94
diabetes, 149-55
Esselstyn, Caldwell B., Jr. , 79, 125-27,
in foods, 83
321-27,338-41
government dietary recommendations,
essential amino acids, 29-30
83-84,306--8
essential nutrients, 231
hormones (reproductive), 88
estrogen, 87-88,160-61, 164
nutrition, 81--82
See also hormones (reproductive);
plant-based diet, 83
dietary fiber. See fiber                              prolactin
exercise, 142-43, 175
Dietary Guidelines Committee, 312
eye diseases, 217, 349
dietary intake, 74
dimethybenz(a)anthracene (DBMA), 65
F
dioxins, 4-5, 165-66
disclosure, need for, 312-l3                 false advertising, 269-70
FAO (United Nations Food and
disease
Agriculture Organization), 32-33,
constitutional nature of, 343-44
309-10
prevention through nutrition, 23,
fat. See body fat; dietary fat
109-10,182,236-37,260,316,
fatigue, 352
343-46
fatty acids, 296
disease associations, 76, 80, 279, 353-59,
Federal Trade Commission, 270
368
Federation of American Societies
diseases of affluence, 76, 76-77, 109-10,
for Experimental Biology and
191 , 2 7 8 - 7 9 , 3 4 7
Medicine, 253
See also specific diseases
fibe~89-92,90, 170-74
diseases of poverty, 76, 76-77, 103
fiber supplements, 153
DNA, 51-53, 65, 165-66
Finland, 188, 191
Doll, Sir Richard, 85
drug industry. See pharmaceutical            fish, 281-82
fish protein, 32, 66
industry
Florida Citrus Commission, 303
drug reactions, adverse, 16, 335
Florida Citrus Processors Association,
Dunaif, George, 54
Duvalier, Papa Doc, 34                               290
foci, 54-61,55,57, 62
E                                            folic acid, 221
food additives or modification, 253, 300
ecological study deSign, 353-59
Food and Agriculture Organization
egg industry, 255-68
(FAO), 32-33, 309-10
See also food industry

THE (HINA STUDY
410
Food and Nutrition Board (ofNAS), 255,        Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 234
government dietary recommendations,
306-14
Food Guide Pyramid, 312, 313                         305-10,313
confusion, 281-84
food industry
influence of, 289-90, 310-13                 dangers of, 131-33
dietary fat, 83-84, 306-8
marketing, xv, 292-95
McGovern report, 252-53
misuse of scientific information, 8,
protein, 58, 258 , 306-9
303
resistance to change, 262-63
nutrition education, 328
sugars, 306-8
food labels, 314
Food Stamp program, 312                          vitamin supplements, 288
Graves' disease, 199
Food Studies Institute, 318
Foster, E. M., 290
H
Framingham Heart Study, 114-15, 2 2 0 - 2 1
free radicals, 92, 214-17, 219-20             Haiti, 34
Harper, Alf, 255-61, 265
fruit industry, 302-3
Hashimoto thyroiditis, 199
fruits, 92-93, 98
HBV (hepatitis B virus) , 62-65, 64, 104
G                                             He, Youping, 66, 301
health and nutrition, 22-24, 105-7, 250,
garlic, 252
General Nutrition, Inc. , 269-70                     305
health care industry, 289, 324-27
genetic predisposition to disease, 2,
233-35                                 health care system, 15-19, 16, 18
breast cancer, 158, 161-62                 Healthy Greens, 269-70
cancer, 71,85,88-89                        Heart and EstrogenlProgestin
diabetes, 188-90                                  Replacement Study (HERS), 166
heart disease, 116                         heart disease, 15
large bowel cancer, 176                       about, 112-14
multiple sclerosis, 197-98                    alcohol, 281
nutrition, 23                                 among American soldiers, 112
obeSity, 140                                  arterial blood flow, 128
See also BRCA 1 and 2                         blood cholesterol, 114-15
Gentry, Marilyn, 262                             casein, 294
geographic distribution of diseases, 363,        death rates, 111-12, 115-17, 116
363-64                                    diet and nutrition, 3, 117-19, 120,
Alzheimer's disease, 219                            282,348-49
autoimmune diseases, 184,                     Framingham Heart Study, 114-15
199-200                                 genetic predisposition to, 116
hormone replacement therapy (HRT),
cancer, 70
167
cognitive impairment, 219
risk factors, 114, 189
kidney stones, 212
scientific studies, 112, 114-15,
large bowel cancer, 169
117-19,324
multiple sclerosis, 195
survival rate, 118
osteoporosis, 204-5
treatments, 122
Glaucon, 344-45
in the United States, 79,111-12,123
gluten, 59

411
INDEX
INCA-PARINA, 3 2
vitamin C, 94
India, 5, 36-37, 47
See also diseases of affluence
insulin. See diabetes
heart transplants, 122
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-l),
Hegsted, Mark, 208, 262
179
Heidrich, Ruth, 23
International Life Sciences Institute, 311
hemoglobin, 91
hepatitis B virus (HBV), 62-65, 64, 104    International Sprout Growers
Association, 290
high-carbohydrate diet, 97-99, 149-55,
Intolerable Risk: Pesticides in Our
153
Children's Food (NRDC report), 43
high-fat diet, 99-102, 258
high-fiber diet, 149-55, 153               iron, 90-91
high-protein diet, 19,95-97,223
J
breast cancer, 65
calorie consumption, 99-102             James, Phillip, 309-10
fatigue, 352                            Japan, 150
government dietary recommendations,     Johnson and Johnson, 289
308-9                               Jukes, Tom, 256-57, 260
HBV (hepatitis B virus), 63-65          juvenile-onset diabetes. See diabetes
liver cancer, 5                         juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 199
tumor development, 60-61
K
See also casein
Himsworth, Harold P., 149                  Kassler, William, 328
Kennedy, Eileen, 318
Hippocrates, 345
Hoffman, Frederick L., 345                 Keys, Ancel, 121
kidney stones, 3, 211-14, 213, 349
holistic approach to health, 238-40
King, Ken, 34
homocysteine, 221
Horio, Fumiyiki, 57                        Kraft Foods, Inc. , 289, 299
hormone replacement therapy (HRT),
L
166-67
hormones (reproductive)                    Laetrile, 252
breast cancer, 87-88, 160, 164,         large bowel cancer, 91-92
167-68                                calcium, 174-75
death rates, 169,169
diet, 160-61
environmental chemicals, 165-66             diabetes, 174
diet and nutrition, 170, 170-71,
hot dogs, 44-46
HRT (hormone replacement therapy),                   283-84
exercise, 175
166-67
fiber, 170-74
Hu, F.B., 286
Hu,Jifan,63                                    genetic predisposition to disease, 176
geographic distribution, 169
scientific studies, 170-74
IGF-l (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1),          in South Africa, 172-74, 173
179,367                              Lewis, Carl, 23
immune system, 184-87                      Li,Junyao,72
diabetes, 187                            lifestyle changes, 129-30, 153-55,242-
See also autoimmune diseases                     48,346

THE CHINA STUDY
412
McDonald's, 258, 274, 289
Lifestyle Heart Trial (Lifestyle Project),
McDougall, John, 324, 329-32, 334-38
129-30
McDougall Plan, The, 324
linoleic acid, 296-99
McGovern, George, 83, 252-53
liver cancer
Mead Johnson Nutritionals, 312
aflatoxin poisoning, 21, 35-36, 49
meat, 28
blood cholesterol, 104
See also animal-based diet; animal-
casein, 63, 63-65, 64
based protein
in China, 104
meat industry, 255-68, 290-98
HBV (hepatitis B virus), 62-65, 63,
64, 104                               See also food industry
mechanisms of action, 41, 199-200
nutrition, 66
medical care. See health care system
protein,S, 36-37, 47
local theory of disease, 343-44              medical industry
alternative medicine, 252
low-carbohydrate diet. See high-protein
resistance to change, 267, 324-27, 339
diet
medical journals, 333
low-cholesterol diet, 117-19
Medical Nutrition Curriculum Initiative,
low-fat diet, 164-65
328
calorie consumption, 99-102
medical schools, 328-35
diabetes, 149-55
foods, 275-76                            Medicare, 313
menarche, 87-88,160
heart disease, 117-19
menopause, 87-88, 160, 160,167-68
multiple sclerosis, 195
scientific studies, 129-30               menstruation, 87, 160
metabolic rate, 142
low-protein diet
aflatoxin, 53                            metanalysis, 41
micronutrients, 29
calorie consumption, 99-102
milk
cancer development, 53
HBV (hepatitis B virus), 63-65              autoimmune diseases, 186
diabetes, 187-94, 190
tumor development, 60-61
lung cancer, 189                                diet and nutrition, 30
lupus, 199                                      marketing strategies, 292-95
lutein, 217                                     multiple sclerosis, 196, 197
See also casein; dairy foods; dairy
lycopene,93,300-302
Lyman, Howard, xiii-xiv, 27                          industry
minerals, 29
lysine, 32
MIT (Massachusetts Institute of
M                                                  Technology), 32
mixed function oxidase, 51
Macilwain, George, 343-44
macronutrients, 29                           M&M Mars Co., 310
molds. See aflatoxin
macular degeneration, 215-17
mammary cancer. See breast cancer            molecular mimicry, 186
Morrison, Lester, 117-19
mammography, 163
Moses, Edwin, 23
marketing strategies, xv; 292-95
Mulder, Gerhard, 27
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT), 32                              Multicenter Lifestyle Demonstration
McCay, Major, 29                                   Project, 130

413
IN 0EX
multiple sclerosis, 194-98, 196, 197, 337    Northeast Dairy Foods Research Center,
See also autoimmune diseases                      299
Multiple Sclerosis International             NRDE (Natural Resources Defense
Federation, 201                               Council), 43
Nurses' Health Study, 272-80, 284-88,
myasthenia gravis, 199
myelin, 195                                         316
nutrition
N                                               autoimmune diseases, 237
N-nitroso-methylurea (NMU), 65                  blood cholesterol, 80-81
cancer, 50, 60-61 , 181-82, 2 6 0 - 6 1 ,
Nader, Ralph, 46
Nakajima, Hiroshi, 348                                271
National Academy of Sciences (NAS)              in China, 21-22, 74, 2 73 - 7 4, 358
Diet, Nutrition and Cancer (report) ,       confusion, xv, 1, 19-20,224, 250 ,
83-84,255,260-61,269                        281-84
Food and Nutrition Board, 255               cost benefits, 24
Toward Healthful Diets (report), 258        dietary fat, 81-82
National Cancer Institute, 315                  disease prevention and cure, 23,
National Cattlemen's Beef Association,                109-10,182, 2 3 6 - 3 7 , 2 6 0 , 3 1 6 ,
299, 3 2 8                                    343-46
education, 317-18, 327-29
National Cholesterol Education Program,
131-32                                  effect on health, 3, 7, 22-24, 1 0 5 - 7 ,
National Dairy Council, 264, 290-91,                  305,335
299 , 312 , 3 2 8                       environmental chemicals, 235
National Dairy Promotion and Research           exercise, 142-43
Board,290                               food interactions, 226-28
National Fluid Milk Processor Promotion         genetic predisposition to disease, 23
Board,290                               government dietary recommendations,
131-33 , 307
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute ,
315                                     government funding of research , 315
National Institutes of Health (NIH),            industry influence, 311-13
47-48,314-17, 315                       liver cancer, 66
National Multiple Sclerosis Society, 194        physician ignorance about nutrition,
National Research Council, 327                        327-29
National Watermelon Promotion Board,            in schools, 317-18
291                                     scientific or research committees,
Natural Resources Defense Council                     253-68
(NRDC) , 43                             tumor development, 66
Navratilova, Martina, 23                        in the United States, 273-74, 273-78,
276-77, 358
nervous system, 194-95
See also diseases of affluence; diseases
Nestle, 312, 328
Newberne, Paul, 37                                   of poverty
NIH (National Institutes of Health),         Nutrition in Medicine, 328
47-48,314-17, 315                     nutrition programs
nitrites, 44                                    Philippines, 33-35
nitrosamines, 45-46
NMU (N-nitroso-methylurea), 65