The Noonday Demon (110 page)

Areopagitica
(Milton),
439

Aretaeus of Capidoccia,
290
–91

aristocracy, melancholy as illness of,
299
,
300
,
311

Aristotle,
288
,
289
,
295
,
299
,
301
,
316
,
334

Arnold, Matthew,
321
–22

Arnsten, Dorothy,
171

Artaud, Antonin,
78

Åsberg, Marie,
253

ASCAP (Across-Species Comparisons and Psychopathology) Society,
405

Asendin,
62
,
114
,
118

Ashcroft, George,
487

Astbury, Jill,
177
,
178

asylum system, establishment of,
317
–19,
320
–21

asymmetrical brain,
415
–19

As You Like It
(Shakespeare),
299

Atay, Joanne,
494

Ativan,
118
,
119
,
422

attachment:

evolutionary role of,
411
–14

role of grief in formation of,
412
,
435

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
175
,
181
–82,
186
,
460

attention span, medication effects on,
88
–89,
423
,
425

atypical antidepressants,
114
,
118
,
193

atypical depression,
48
,
114

Augustine, Saint,
292
,
306
,
478

autism,
175

autoreceptor agonists,
116

Axelrod, Julius,
332

Aztecs, hallucinogenic drugs used by,
291

Ball, H. Irene,
447
–48

Ballenger, James,
65
,
111
,
119
,
124
,
406

Baltimore, Md., depression treatment study on indigent HIV/AIDS populations in,
340

Barbey, J. T.,
495

barbiturates,
254

Barlaeus, Caspar,
304

Baron, Richard,
368

basil,
288

batterers,
178
–79,
180

Baudelaire, Charles,
315

Bazelon Center,
381

Beck, Aaron,
107
,
471

Beckett, Samuel,
285
–86,
329
–30

Beddoes, Thomas,
319

Bedlam,
309
,
318
,
481
–82

behavioral control,
328
–29

see also
cognitive-behavioral therapy

Bell Jar, The
(Plath),
66

Benshoof, Janet,
109
,
237
,
438

benzodiazepines,
119
,
193
,
234
,
469
–70

Berger, M.,
145

beta-adrenergic receptors,
333

bethanechol,
116

Biathanatos
(Donne),
247

Bible,
292
–93,
478

Bicàtre,
309
,
482

Bielik-Robson, Agata,
201

Bingen, Hildegard von,
294

bipolar illness,
see
manic-depressive (bipolar) disorder

bipolar two,
92

birds, nesting behavior of,
406
,
413

Birtchnell, J.,
405

bisexuals,
202
,
207
–8

Bisgaard, Poul,
210

black bile, melancholy as excess of,
286
–87,
288
,
290
,
291
–92,
298
,
306

black people, depression experiences of,
195
–200,
351

Blair-West, G. W.,
447

Blake, William,
309

blood-brain barrier,
123

blood sugar levels,
136
,
139

Bloom, Harold,
470

BMAP (Brain Molecule Anatomy Project),
171
–72

body, mechanistic models of,
306
–8

body net,
423

body temperature,
56
,
452

Boerhaave, Hermann,
307
,
308
,
309
,
481
,
483

Book of Common Prayer,
302

Boorstin, Robert,
370
,
371
,
441

Bostwick, J. M.,
447

Boswell, James,
309
–10

bowel problems,
65

Bower, Bruce,
459

brain:

asymmetry of,
415
–19

autopsies of,
319

blood circulation within,
307
,
417
,
418

“decade of the,”
369

in imaging technology,
254
,
362
,
417

magnetic stimulation of,
139
,
418

medical model of,
320

nervous system supervised by,
289

psychosurgery on,
137
,
163
–65,
441

as seat of emotion/mental illness,
286
,
413
–14,
418
,
419

triune model of,
414
–15

brain chemistry,
20
–22,
111
–14

anxiety problems and,
65
,
111

ECT effects on,
121
,
123

emotional mind vs.,
102
,
111

neural electrical impulses vs.,
330

suicidality and,
252
–54

talking therapy effects on,
111

theories of antidepressant actions on,
331
–33

see also
neurotransmitters;
specific neurotransmitters

brain function:

adaptability of,
56
,
112
–13,
307

Alzheimer’s disease and,
192
–93

cellular adaptive capacity in,
56

evolution of,
413
–19

flexibility of,
416

genetic research project on,
171
–72

impact of depressive episodes on,
55
,
56

substance abuse effects on,
217
–18,
219
–20,
222
–23,
231
,
233

Brain Molecule Anatomy Project (BMAP),
171
–72

breakdowns,
17
,
39
–99

cumulative causation of,
48
–49

defined,
48

eating difficulties in,
50
,
54
,
55

immobility experienced in,
52
–53

physiological functions affected by,
55
–56,
448

sleep patterns in,
51

breastfeeding:

antidepressant medications and,
83

childhood loss of,
325
,
326

Brecht, Bertolt,
321

breech birth,
40

bromocriptine,
116

Brontë, Charlotte,
133
–34

Brown, George,
62
,
63
,
65
,
175
,
347
,
450
,
458

Brown, John,
311

Brown, Thomas,
455

Buckingham County, Va., depression treatment studied in women of,
339
–40

Bucknill, John Charles,
485
–86

Bukowski, Charles,
250
,
472

Bulgakov, Mikhail,
7

bupropion,
116
,
118

Burke, Edmund,
311

burns, self-inflicted,
421
,
422
,
424

Burton, Robert,
301
–4,
310
,
323
,
480

BuSpar (buspirone),
78
,
86
,
87
,
116
,
119
,
235
,
383
,
422
,
447

B vitamins,
138
–39

caffeine,
224
,
225
,
230
,
397

Callahan, Roger,
142
,
454
–55

Cambodia, depression of trauma survivors in,
32
–37

Cameron, Julia,
155

Camus, Albert,
245
,
246
,
247
,
263
,
321
,
329

Candide
(Voltaire),
311

Carlsson, Arvid,
333

Carlyle, Thomas,
321

Cartesian biology,
306

Casanova, Ludovicus a,
305

Cassian,
292
–93,
478

catecholamine,
332
–33,
397

Catholicism,
132
–33

CBT,
see
cognitive-behavioral therapy

Celexa (citalopram),
13
,
114
,
118
,
157
,
191
,
192
,
333
,
445
,
487

celiac disease,
139

Center for Disease Control,
493

Cervantes, Miguel de,
304

Changing Nature of Man, The
(van den Berg),
407

Charles VI (the Foolish), King of France,
305

Chaucer, Geoffrey,
293
–94

Chavez, Cesar,
392

Chekhov, Anton,
135

Chesterton, G. K.,
252

childbirth, maternal depression after,
138
,
174
,
176
,
457

childhood depression,
181
–89

of adolescents,
187
–89,
461

adult depression rates after,
187
–88,
461

assessments of,
184
,
188
–89

earliest manifestations of,
181
,
421
,
459

parental depression and,
180
–83,
459

parents involved in therapy for,
183

physical illness and,
182
,
187
,
188
–89

sexual abuse and,
349
–50,
355
,
421

suicidality and,
184
,
254
,
257
–58,
261
,
264
–65,
356
,
461

treatment of,
183
,
184
–89,
460

U.S. incidence of,
25
,
446

children:

assertion of power developed by,
350

of depressed parents,
82
–83,
180
–83,
337
,
345
,
346
–47,
349
–50,
351
–52,
356
–58,
359
,
383

internalized homophobia in,
204

language development of,
418
–19

maternal substance abuse and,
254

suicidality of,
184
,
254
,
257
–58,
261
,
264
–65,
356
,
460

see also
childhood depression

China, People’s Republic of, toxic-ingestion suicides in,
255

Chinese herbal medicine,
137
,
148
,
229

choice:

moral responsibility of,
432
–33

stress of modern freedom of,
407
–9

cholesterol levels,
254

depression and,
138

cholinergic agonists,
116

Chow, David,
395

Christianity:

depression difficulties helped by faith in,
131
–32

martyrdom in,
247

medieval condemnation of melancholia in,
292
–95

Protestant morality and,
312
–13

suicide prohibitions of,
132
,
246
–47,
304