The Origin of Satan (40 page)

trials of, see Pilate, Pontius; Sanhedrin

Jesus bar Ananias, 108

Jewish leaders, xx-xxii, 4, 5, 9, 1 14, 158,

180

in John, 65, 98, 101, 102-11, 183

210 / I N D E X

John of Gischala, 4

Sermon on the Plain in, 66

Johnson, Luke, 84

severing traditional social bonds advo-

John the Baptist, 15, 19, 80, 83

cated in, 150, 151, 154

Joseph of Arimathea, 110

sources of, 66, 69, 94

Josephus, Flavius, 3-6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 18, 25,

trial before Pilate in, 7, 32, 94, 95-96,

108

97,98, 109

background of, 3-4

trial before Sanhedrin in, xxi, 26, 93-95

Essenes described by, 56-57, 59

universal salvation offered in, 89, 90-91

Pilate described by, 10, 30-32

virgin birth in, 89-90, 99

Jubilees
, 53-55, 56, 59, 60

Luther, Martin, 156, 158, 180

Judas Iscariot, 13, 25, 86, 107

as possessed bv Satan, xxi, 12, 90, 92,

Maccabeans, 45-46, 49, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57

93, 102, 105-6,111

I Maccabees, 14, 45-46

Julia Mammea, Empress of Rome, 137

Maccabeus, Judas, 9, 45

Jung, Carl Gustav, xviii

McGinny, B. C., 32

Justin Martyr, xvi, 115-26,134, 140,146,

MacMullen, Ramsay, 142

157, 166, 180

Macinus, Emperor of Rome, 137

baptism of, 117,118-119

Manicheans, 180

execution of, 125,131, 136

Marcus (Valentinian teacher), 170

pagan gods demonized by, 119-26

Marcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome, 124,

philosophers and, 115-17, 122

126-30,131,132,135,141,142

Mark, Gospel according to, xvii, xx, 6-34,

Kierkegaard, Søren, xx

47, 61-62, 64, 69-70, 81, 88, 95, 99, 109,

Kimelman, Reuven, 99

112, 147

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 184

arresting party in, 7, 25, 93

Kingdom of God, 9, 17-18, 70-71, 74,

behavioral guidelines in, 74-75

80, 85-86, 114,146

crucifixion in, 96, 97

Kirbet Qûmran, 47, 56, 57

Daniel's prophecy in, 12

Koester, Helmut, 69

date of, 6, 8, 69,70

kosher laws, 18, 22, 63, 64, 74, 77, 81

eschatological aims of, 13

Gentiles and, 10, 11

“laity,” 152

historical accuracy of, xx-xxi, 13, 14,

Leonides, 135, 136

25,26

testes ("robber"), 7,97

Jesus’s identity in, 71

Letter of Barnabas, 154-55, 158

Jewish leaders indicted in, 7,10, 13-29,

Levenson, Jon, 38

33-34,82,89, 110

Life of Anthony
(Athanasius), 173

Judas Iscariot in, 12, 13, 25, 93, 106

Lindars, Barnabas, xx

Kingdom of God in, 9, 17-18, 70

logos
, 99-100, 166

Pilate as depicted in, 10, 25, 29, 33

Loisv, Alfred, 98

religious laws broken in, 18-19, 22, 74,

Lot's daughters, 36

77,81

Lucifer, 48

Romans in, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 27,

Luke, Gospel according to, xx-xxi, 27, 33,

33, 96, 97

61, 69-70, 74, 88, 89-98, 106, 140,

Satan’s temptations in, 11-12, 15-16,

147

80,90

arresting party in, 12, 89, 93

Satan’s war with God in, xvii, 11-17,

behavioral guidelines in, 176

57, 60, 61, 89, 123, 179

community represented by, 65, 95

“signs of the end” and, 9-10

crucifixion in, 96-98, 114

trial before Pilate in, 7, 10, 25, 26, 27,

date of, 8, 70

28-29,33,95,96,110

Gentiles and, 89, 90-91, 112

trial before Sanhedrin in, xxi, 10, 25-

Jewish leaders indicted in, 89, 90, 91,

28, 93, 94, 107

92,93-96,97-98, 152

as wartime literature, 7-8

Judas Iscariot in, 12, 90, 92, 93, 105,

Martyn, Louis, 99, 105

111

martyrdom, 115, 119, 136

Pharisees in, 91, 92, 93, 95

Romans in, 96, 97-98, 112, 114

royal genealogy in, 78, 89

Satan’s temptations in, 12, 90, 101

Satan’s war with God in, 89,90-93, 98,

111, 123

I N D E X / 211

demons and, 144-45

Secret Book of John
, 162-63, 165-66,

triumphant nature of, 24-25, 125, 137,

168

144, 181

Teachings of Sylvanus
, 73

Marx, Karl, 182

Testimony of Truth
, 156-60, 165, 166,

Mastema, xviii, 34, 53, 54, 55, 57

175

Mattathias, 14, 45,46

see also Gospel of Philip
,
Gospel of Thomas

Matthew, Gospel according to, xx-xxi, 7,

natural order, xv, 116, 119-21,126-30,

27, 33, 60, 69-70, 74, 75-88, 95,

132-34

109, 140, 147, 153, 164

daimones
in, 126, 128, 130, 132-33,

arresting party in, 93, 102

142, 143-14

behavioral guidelines in, 74, 176

individual response to, 127, 128

biblical prophecies and, 77-79, 87

misfortunes and, 128-29

community represented by, 64-65, 75

unity of, 126-27, 129-30, 141-12

date of, 8,70

see also
fate

“flight into Egypt” in, 78-79

nephilim, 50

Gentiles and, 76, 86, 88, 89, 112

Nero, Emperor of Rome, 3-4, 5, 113

Jewish leaders indicted in, xx, 76-77,

Newsome, Carol, 59

78-88, 110-11, 152

New Testament, xvii, xx-xxii, 7-8, 12, 13,

Judas Iscariot in, 86, 102, 106

35, 51, 63-88, 146, 157, 171, 180

Kingdom of God in, 85-86

accounts excluded from, 7, 65-74

Pharisees in, 61, 76-77, 80-86, 87, 91,

canonization of, 65, 69-70, 74-75, 153

111,180, 182-83

see also specific books

reversal of enemies in, 79-80, 110-11

Nickelsburg, George, 50, 52, 53, 63-64, 83

Romans in, 80, 112

Nicodemus, 100, 110

royal genealogy in, 78, 79

Nineham, Dennis, 109

Satan’s temptations in, 12, 80-81, 101

Norea, 161-62

Satan’s war with God in, 82-86, 89,

Numbers, Book of, 39, 40-11

123

Sermon on the Mount in, 66, 80, 81

Old Enemy, The
(Forsyth), xviii

“slaughter of the innocents” in, 78, 79

On the Trial of Jesus
(Winter), xxi

sources of, 66, 69, 80-81, 101

Origen, 115, 135-46, 180

Torah and, 76-77, 78-86

assassination of tyrants endorsed by,

trial before Pilate in, 33, 86-87, 93, 95

135, 139, 147

trial before Sanhedrin in, xxi, 107

Celsus refuted by, 138-46

virgin birth in, 77-78, 99

father's execution and, 135, 136

Maximinus, Emperor of Rome, 137-38

imperial law challenged by, 139, 147

Meeks, Wayne, 64, 65

Jewish War and, 140

metallurgy, 50, 163

misfortunes as viewed by, 140-41

Michael, 49, 60

nickname of, 135

Millar, Fergus, xxi, 107

self-castration of, 157

Milton, John, 48

torture endured by, 138, 145

misfortunes, 128-29

Overman, Andrew, 111

indiscriminate nature of, 128

Origen's view of, 140—41

paganism, pagans, xvi, xvii, 112-48, 150,

Satan as cause of, xvi, 141

158, 179-80, 182

secularized by Tatian, xvi, 133

Christian converts ostracized by, 125,

Mishnah, xxi

149-50

morality, 119

Christians hated by, 112,115,123, 124,

early Christian, 149-52, 153-55, 156,

131, 150, 151

157, 168, 169-70, 171, 172, 174, 176

ethnic identity of, 114

Gnostic, 168, 169-72, 173-74, 176-77

gods of, see gods, pagan

moral identity and, 51-62, 84-86, 146

as indifferent to human life, 121-22,

relativist, 122

134

Moses, 36-37, 51, 54, 58, 79, 81, 82

piety of, 114, 119, 127

Muslims, 14, 182

Nag Hammadi texts, 7, 66, 68-74,

155-63, 170-77

Gospel of Truth
, 170, 171

Reality of the Rulers
, 160-62, 165, 166,

168

212 / I N D E X

paganism, pagans (
continued
)

Prince of Darkness, 47, 57, 60

and Satan’s war with God, 112-16,

prostitution, 91, 121, 170

117-22, 123-26, 131-33, 135, 136,

Protestants, 156, 158, 159, 174-75, 180,

137, 139, 140, 143-6, 147- 8

182

see also
Romans

Protoctetus, 137

Paradise Lost
(Milton), 48

Psalm 22, 97

parthenos
(“virgin”), 77

Psalm 31, 97

Paul of Tarsus, 69, 76, 114, 119, 123,

Psalm 41, 37-38, 106

143, 152, 154, 160, 163, 165, 166,

Psalm 118, 92-93

171, 179, 183

pseudepigrapha, 35, 48

as acknowledged authority, 151

Pythagoreans, 116, 140

celibacy vs. marriage as viewed by, 176

execution of, 8, 27, 113

Q source, 66, 68, 80-81, 101, 183

gnosis
and love discussed by, 172

gospel proclaimed by, 64, 65-66, 89

rabbinic movement, 72, 75-77, 84-85,

Jewish persecution of, 112-13

99, 174

rival teachers castigated by, 150

Rahab, 38

Roman authority endorsed by, 113

Reality of the Rulers
, 160-62, 165, 166, 168

pax Romana
, 135, 139

Redfield, Robert, xviii

Peasants’ War, 180

regula fidei
(“rule of faith”), 164

Persia, 43 4,45,55

Reuther, Rosemary, 107

intelligence agents of, 41

Revelation, 51, 79-80, 113-14

Peter, 6, 21, 24, 27, 28, 64, 69, 71, 93,

“robber” (
lestes
), 7, 25,97

98, 152

Robinson, James, xx, 15

as Christian authority, 151

Roman Catholicism, 157, 158, 180, 182

in
Gospel of Mary Magdalene
, 67-68

Romans, xx, xxi-xxii, 3-34, 57, 58, 63,

I Peter, 146, 151

75-76, 112-48, 149-51, 180

Pharisees, 18, 19, 22, 23, 33, 64, 107,

acknowledged authority of, 113, 151

110, 156, 158

Christians persecuted by, 112-14,

Hasmoneans opposed by, 46—47

115-16, 119, 122-24, 125, 135-37,

as interpreters of Torah, 76, 81-82,

138, 144-45, 146

84-85, 86

Christians tolerated by, 135, 137, 138

in Luke, 91, 92, 93, 95

conversion of, 149

in Matthew, 61, 76-77, 80-86, 87, 91,

gods of,
see
also
gods, pagan

111, 180, 182-83

in John, 93, 102, 105,106,107-9

Philip (the Arabian), Emperor of Rome,

in Luke, 96, 97-98, 112, 114

138

in Mark, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,27,33,

Philo, 10, 14, 29-30, 33, 56, 57

96,97

philosophers, 115-17, 122, 132

in Matthew, 80, 112

Plato, 115, 116-17, 119-20, 138, 140,

Paul of Tarsus executed by, 8, 27, 113

141

reprisals of, 27, 107

Stoics, 116, 120, 124, 126-30, 131

sedition punished by, xxi, xxii, 6-7,8, 10,

11, 12,14, 15,25,27,96,97,108-9

Pilate, Pontius, 6, 28-33, 114, 115

see also
Jewish War; Pilate, Pontius

contemporary descriptions of, 10, 29-33

Romans (Paul's epistle to), 113, 171, 174

execution ordered by, 108-9

Rome, 3-4, 30, 166, 182

handwashing ritual performed bv, 87

amphitheater spectacles in, 115-16,

in John, 103, 107-10

119,121, 123, 133, 134, 135, 170

in Luke, 7, 32, 94, 95-96, 97, 98,

army of, 152-53

109

citizenship in, 122, 136, 142

in Mark, 7, 10, 25, 26, 27, 28-29, 33,

early Christian communitv in, 65, 68,

95,96, 110

113,151, 152

in Matthew, 33, 86-87, 93, 95

emperors of, 113, 114-15, 120, 124-30,

wife of, 86

135-38,142,145,147,149

Plato, 115, 116-17, 119-20, 138, 140, 141

Origen’s defiance of, 139

Pliny the Elder, 56

Poppea, 4

Porphyry, 125

priests, Jewish, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15,

22-23, 25, 29, 33, 46-47, 50-51, 52,

75-76, 79, 86, 90, 92, 93, 107, 152

I N D E X / 213

Ruah
("spirit"), 175

Schneider, Heinrich, 104

Rufus, Musonius, 126

Schweitzer, Albert, xxi

“rule of faith” (
regula fidei
), 164

scribes, 13, 16, 17, 19-21, 22-24, 25, 76,

Russell, Jeffrey Burton, xviii

79,81,82,86,90,91, 110, 158

Rusticus, prefect of Rome, 125, 131

Scroll of the War of the Sons of Light Against

the Sons of Darkness
, 57-59, 60

Sabbath laws, 18-19, 63, 77, 81,91

Secret Book of James
, 66

Samaritans, 32, 91, 98, 103

Secret Book of John
, 162-63, 165-66, 168

Sandmel, Samuel, 104

Seleucid dynasty, 44 46

Sanhedrin, xxi-xxii, 75, 76

Semihazah, 47, 50, 52, 55

capital punishment rights retained bv,

Serapis, 130, 141

107-9

Sermon on the Mount, 66, 80, 81, 154

in John, xxi, 26-27, 94, 107-9

Set, xviii

in Luke, xxi, 26, 93-95

Severus, Alexander, Emperor of Rome, 137

in Mark, xxi, 10, 25-28, 93, 94, 107

Severus, Septimius, Emperor of Rome,

in Matthew, xxi, 107