The Transformation of the World (256 page)

Colorado,
198
,
267
,
331
,
341
,
477

Columbian Exhibition,
900

Columbus, Christopher,
56

Comanche nation,
334
–
36
,
340

commerce

businesses as empires,
444
–
45

communications networks and,
725

minorities and global,
768
–
70

trade networks,
725

urbanization and commercial expansion,
250

communication systems and technologies,
911

global,
37
–
38

language and,
782
–
84
,
824

military applications of,
395

newspaper presses and printing,
30
,
32
–
35
,
37
,
596
–
97

political orders and,
578
–
79

postal service,
70
,
233
,
510
,
550
,
714

telegraph,
37
–
38
,
43
,
64
,
69
–
70
,
74
,
266
,
395
,
425
,
430
,
464
,
503
–
4
,
511
–
12
,
553
,
711
,
719
–
23
,
727
,
833
,
911

communism,
86
,
728
,
777

compradors,
221
,
695
,
769
–
70

Comte, Auguste,
19
,
24
,
50
,
53
,
746
,
814
,
897

Condocanqui, José Gabriél (Túpac Amaru II),
533
,
540
,
916

Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicholas

Caritat, Marquis de,
29
,
217
,
840
–
41

Conference of 1884,
110
–
11
,
126

Confucianism,
66
,
83
–
84
,
93
,
161
,
550
,
554
–
55
,
611
,
628
,
664
,
773
,
794
,
802
,
810
–
11
,
894

in Japan,
613

as religion,
874
–
77

in Vietnam,
838

Congo,
152
,
441
–
42
,
466

Congo Free State,
110
–
11
,
126
–
27
,
401
,
432
,
796
,
933
–
34

Congress of Berlin,
89
,
110
,
120
,
141
–
42
,
144
,
409
,
418
–
19
,
868
,
870

Congress of Peace and Freedom,
509

Congress of Vienna,
46
,
88
,
89
,
298
,
397
–
98
,
411
,
434
,
469
–
70
,
473
,
493
–
94
,
509

Conrad, Joseph,
159

conscription,
394
,
417
,
447
,
489
–
90
,
616
–
18
,
909

Constantinople.
See
Istanbul

constitutional government,
61
,
543
,
599

in France,
528

in Iran,
569

monarchies as,
53
,
296
,
520
,
570
,
577
,
584
–
85
,
602
–
3
,
848

“token constitutionalism” in Russia,
569

US and,
524

continents

naming of,
81
–
83

as spaces of interaction,
100
–
102

contract labor,
64
,
147
,
157
–
64
,
159
,
687
,
843

Cook, James,
79

coolie trade,
159
,
160
–
64
,
550
–
51
,
690
,
701
,
782

Cooper, James Fenimore,
19
,
323

copper,
187
,
267
,
658
,
659
,
716

Corbin, Alain,
276

core-periphery relationship,
78

abandonment of imperial centers,
417
–
19

boundaries and,
112

bureaucracy and,
613

and cities,
262
–
64
,
322

civilizing missions and,
423
,
827
–
28
,
829

diasporas and,
109

and frontiers,
322

imperial frontiers and,
358
–
62

migration and,
129

taxation and,
513

transformation of peripheries to cores,
347

corvée labor,
134
,
153
,
690
–
91
,
851

Cossacks,
286
,
362
–
63
,
365
–
66
,
425
,
567
,
569
,
574

cotton,
175
,
234
,
236
,
275
–
76
,
293

as plantation crop,
73
–
74
,
131
,
352
,
644
,
683
,
699
,
713
,
849

See also
textile industry

Coubertin, Pierre de,
511

cowboys,
148
–
49
,
229
,
324
,
344
,
348

crafts,
674
,
685

Creoles,
178
,
449
,
487
,
533
–
35

Creuzer, Friedrich,
811

crime

“hereditary criminality” and exclusion,
622

port cities and,
281
–
82

Crimean War,
38
,
39
,
89
,
140
,
191
,
398
,
421
,
470
,
491
,
498
,
617
,
626
,
704
,
722

Croce, Benedetto,
916

Crocker, Charles,
692

Cromer, Evelyn Baring, Lord,
830

Crystal Palace Exhibition,
14
–
15
,
647
,
829

Cuba

contract labor and,
158
,
162

as part of Spanish Empire,
136
,
400
,
418

slavery in,
18
,
100
,
132
–
33
,
699
,
840
,
847
,
850
–
51

war of independence in,
487
–
88
,
854

“cultivation system”
(cultuurstelsel)
of Dutch colonialism,
443

“cultural arenas”
(Kulturkreise),
85
–
86

cultural transfers,
43
–
44
,
911
–
14

acculturation of colonialists,
237
–
38
,
774

global distribution of cultural cores,
78

medicine and,
184

migration and reproduction of culture,
129
–
30

Orientalism in the West,
811
–
12

police force evolution and,
620
–
21

during
Sattlezeit,
62

See also
Europeanization
;
Westernization

currency

gold standard,
733
–
36

Latin Monetary Union,
731

paper money,
730

and silver-opium economy,
731
–
33

silver used as,
440
,
730
–
33
,
735

standardization of,
730
–
31

Curzon, George Nathaniel, Lord,
84
,
457
,
796
,
801

Custer, George Armstrong,
487

Czartoryski, Adam, Prince,
137

Czechoslavakia,
15
,
675

Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mandé,
39

Dakar,
284
,
289

Dalai Lama XIII,
881

D'Alembert, Jean-Baptiste le Rond,
16

Dalian,
33
,
267
,
276
,
290

Damascus,
297

Dar es Salaam,
263

Darwin, Charles,
21
,
805
,
859
,
881
,
897

Darwin, John,
392

Davis, David Brion,
860

Davis, Jefferson,
556

debt, international,
738
,
741
–
43

Debussy, Claude,
48
,
65
,
95
,
812

Decembrist movement,
89
,
133
,
525
–
26

Declaration of Human and Civil Rights,
31
–
32
,
543
,
842
,
858

Declaration of Human Rights (1948), UN,
879

decolonization,
113
,
289
,
295
,
323
,
371
,
396
,
405
,
407
–
8
,
420
,
428
,
441
,
456
–
57
,
461
,
796

deforestation,
379
–
80

Dekker, Edouard Douwes (Multatuli),
20

Delacroix, Eugène,
140
,
812

Delhi,
147
,
238
,
251
,
257
,
259
–
60
,
287
,
299
,
552

democracy,
593
–
605
,
632
–
33
,
897
,
905
,
909
,
916
–
17

in Asia,
603
–
4

Boers and self-government,
354

colonialism and,
916

constitutionalization and,
595
–
96
,
598
–
600

in Europe,
917

Jacksonian, anti-oligarchic,
61
,
355
,
578
–
79
,
601
–
2

in Japan,
603
–
4

participatory,
593
–
94

and the public sphere,
35
–
36
,
596
–
98

racism and,
853
,
862
–
63

revolution and,
916

“settler democracy,”
374

socialism and,
601
–
4
,
624

suffrage and,
404
,
507
,
546
,
579
,
594
,
599
–
600
,
602
–
3
,
700

in US,
60
–
61
,
343
,
595
–
96
,
600
–
603

demographics.
See
migration
;
population

Deng, Kent,
549

Denmark,
12
,
31
,
101
,
128
,
212
,
215
,
255
,
499
,
624
,
643
,
905

Denver,
258

department stores,
230
–
31

deportation of criminals,
133
–
36

Dernburg, Bernhard,
442

de Saussure, Ferdinand,
824

deserts,
95
,
148
–
49
,
347
–
49
,
356
,
376
–
77
,
382
,
391
,
401
,
728

Dessalines, Jean-Jacque (Jacques I, Emperor),
528

de Staël, (Anne Louise Germain de Staël-Holstein) Madame,
21
,
23
,
903

de Tocqueville, Alexis,
18
,
21
,
218
,
273
–
74
,
315
,
598
,
602
,
745
,
844
,
859
,
903