Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Pathways to Arriving at a Clinical Diagnosis (1269 page)

   Intoxicants (e.g., barbiturates, methyl alcohol, ammonia, carbon monoxide); some patients with alcoholism

   Decreased renal clearance or tubular secretion (e.g., various diuretics [thiazides, furosemide, ethacrynic acid] and all diuretics except spironolactone and ticrynafen)

   Nephrotoxic effect (e.g., mitomycin C)

   Low-dose salicylates (<4 g/day)

   Other effects (e.g., levodopa, phenytoin sodium)

   Metabolic acidosis

   Diet

   High-protein weight reduction diet

   Excess nucleoprotein (e.g., sweetbreads, liver) may increase level ≤1 mg/dL

   Alcohol consumption

   Miscellaneous

   von Gierke disease

   Chronic lead poisoning

   Lesch-Nyhan syndrome