Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Pathways to Arriving at a Clinical Diagnosis (769 page)

   Malabsorption of calcium and vitamin D, obstructive jaundice

   Insufficient calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D ingestion

   Bone disease (osteomalacia, rickets)

   Starvation

   Late pregnancy

   Altered bound calcium citrate

   Multiple citrated blood transfusions

   Dialysis with citrate anticoagulation

   Hyperphosphatemia (e.g., phosphate enema/infusion)

   Rhabdomyolysis

   Tumor lysis syndrome

   Acute severe illness (e.g., pancreatitis with extensive fat necrosis, sepsis, burns)

   Respiratory alkalosis

   Certain drugs