1434 (44 page)

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Page references in
italics
refer to illustrations.

 

Abbott, Dallas, 260, 261

Adamic, Louis, 241–42

Aden, 40, 44

Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, 133–34

Africa

Arabs in, 58

Chinese to, 4, 41, 43, 48

citrus trees in, 252

Florentine knowledge of, 97

on maps and globes, 66, 106, 107, 111, 112, 128, 286

Merino sheep from, 282

monsoons and, 39, 40

Portuguese exploitation of, 104, 111, 115, 121, 287

tsunami in, 277

see also
Egypt

Aghemo, Aurelio, 106

Agüera y Arcas, Blaise, 234

Alarcón, Hernando de, 280

Al-Ashraf Barsbay, 54, 56

Al-Azhar Mosque, 55, 56, 57, 58

Al-Azhar University, 55–56

Alberti, Leon Battista

Beck on, 92–93, 137

Chinese knowledge used by, 134, 176, 216, 243, 254

De Pictura
by, 156, 158–60, 161, 196, 251

De re Aedificatoria
by, 161, 213

Descriptio urbis Romae
by, 164–65, 196

De Statua
by, 156, 159, 161, 196

Latin fluency of, 124

Leonardo da Vinci and, 155–65, 176, 196, 212–13

Ludi matematici
by, 161, 162–63

Medici family's patronage of, 89, 90

on perspective, 253

Regiomontanus and, 138, 139, 143, 147

San Lorenzo dome painted by, 91, 92–93, 137

on silk industry, 200

Taccola and, 158, 182, 212, 213

Toscanelli and, 93, 137, 138, 139

Alberti, Lorenzo, 155

Albuquerque, Alfonso de, 239–40, 242

Aldebaran, 36, 37, 153

Aldridge, James, 52

Alexander III, pope, 64

Alexander the Great, 48

Alexandria, 48, 51, 59, 64, 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 85, 122, 222

Alfoim, Pero de, 240

Alfonsine tables, 142, 143, 145, 150, 151, 152

Alfonso V, king of Portugal, 94, 121, 122

al-Ghouri, caravanseri of, 57

Alonso Pinzón, Martín, xi, 109

alum, 205

Amadis of Gaul, The,
236

America

cactuses from, 68

Columbus and, 104–7, 108–9, 126

conquistadores in, 284–87

European discovery of, 126, 131

Fontana's knowledge of, 222, 223, 240, 287

on maps and globes, xii, 70–71, 111–14, 118, 128, 129–31

Portuguese exploration of, 287

Saint-Dié's role in naming, 115, 116–18

Toscanelli and, xiv, 96–100, 104, 107, 109, 126

see also
Central America; New World; North America; South America

Ancient Chinese Inventions
(Deng), 23, 231

Andes, 111, 112, 270, 272, 274, 275, 276

animals, 47, 183,
191–92,
193, 194, 252, 268

see also
dogs; pigs; sheep

Antarctica, 108, 129, 131, 270

Antilia, island of, 97, 100, 106, 107, 118, 120, 126, 238

Arabia, 52

Arabian Sea, 43

Arab(s)

on Alexander the Great, 48

astro-navigation, 17–19, 40, 154

Cairo built by, 50

calendars, 40

cemetery in China, 46

ecliptic coordinate system, 145, 154, 176

frankincense, 46

gold, 57–58

interpreters, 40

medicine, 237

ports, 40

sheep of, 285

ships, 81

trade, 40, 46, 252

see also
Islam; Muslims

Aragon, as seafaring power, 64, 286–87

Archimedes, 146, 147, 187

architecture, Renaissance, 160

Arctic Pole, 94, 112, 119, 122

see also
North Pole

Arequipa University, 275

Aristarchus, 146

Aristotle, 51, 57, 139, 154, 159, 176, 243, 247

Armenia, Armenians, 56, 123

Art of Invention, The: Leonardo and the Renaissance Engineers
(Galluzzi), 184, 195

Aruqtai, 5

Asia, 128, 132

Aslaksen, Helmer, 27

astrolabe, 145, 154, 156, 164

astronomy, astronomers, 134–54

Arab, 17–19, 40, 56, 154

Babylonian, 29

Chinese,
32,
32–34, 35, 120, 125, 137, 139, 140, 243, 250–51

European, 29–30, 86, 88, 93

knowledge transferral, 37–38, 243–48, 251–52, 253–54

Medici patronage of, 87, 205

see also
calendar(s),
Shoushi
astronomical;
specific astronomers

Atahualpa, 273, 275

Atlantic Ocean, 121, 222, 286, 287

Augustus, 197

Australia

Asian pigs in, 262

citrus trees in, 252

gold in, 252

Mahuika tsunami in, 260, 261–62, 276

maps of, xii, 66

Portuguese knowlege of, 240

Venetian knowledge of, 222–23, 240

Avars, 69, 70

Avignon, 87

Azores, 63, 252

Aztecs, 279, 287

 

Babylon, Babylonians, 50, 51, 52, 53

Babylonian writing, 50

Bach, Johann Sebastian, 236

Baghdad, 45

Bai Shouyi, 48

Balboa, Vasco Núñez de, xii, 111, 280–81, 283

Baldovinetti, Alesso, 87

balloons, hot-air, 170, 175

Banda Atjeh, 42

see also
Pulau Rondo

banking, bankers

Italian, 58, 72–73, 74, 87–88, 89, 155, 157, 205

Karim as, 40, 46, 54

Bara, Lovorka, 69

Barbarossa, Holy Roman emperor, 210

Bardi family, 74

Barzizza, Gasparino, 155

battleship, water-wheeled, 22

Bazaldeen Kulami Karimi, 46

bazookas, 16

Beals, Herbert K., 266

Beck, James, 92–93, 137

Beijing, 33, 34, 36, 154, 206, 207

Bell, Cedric, 257–63, 269

Bellarmine, Cardinal, 249

Berenson, Bernard, 86

Bertola de Novale, 212

Bessarion, Cardinal, 98

Betelgeuse, 36, 37

Bianchini, Francesco, 147–48, 154

Bianco, Andrea, 238, 241, 254

Bibliothèque Nationale de France, 118, 127

Bisagudo, Pedro Vaz, 241

Bi Sheng, 125, 231–32

Bisticci, Vespasiano da, 89

Bitruji, al-, 147

Boas, Franz, 264

boat, paddle-wheel, 167–68,
169,
175, 183, 185–86

Bohemia, Martin of, xi books, 20–22, 57, 81, 89, 157, 158, 187, 200, 222, 235, 236, 237

see also specific books

Boyle, Robert, 24

Bracciolini, Poggio, 89

Braudel, Fernand, 201

Brazil, xii, 117, 121, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 252, 270, 280

bridges, 95, 96, 113, 114, 120, 124, 125, 174, 175, 208, 275

British Library, 14, 161, 177, 179, 187–88, 189

British Museum, 153, 177–78

Brown, Patricia Fortini, 90–91

Brunelleschi, Filippo, 83–84, 88, 136, 155, 156–57, 182

Bruni, Leonardo, 88, 158

Bryant, Edward A. “Ted,” 259–60, 261

Bueri, Piccarda, 93

Buñuel, Luis, 279

Burckhardt, Jakob, 160, 251

Butters, Suzanne, 219

Byzantium, 64–65, 75, 77, 84, 85, 92, 145

 

Cabral, Pedro Alvarez, xii, 240, 242

cactuses, American, 68

Caesar, Julius, 197

Cairo, 49–59

Chinese trade with, 8, 9, 19, 28, 40, 43, 45, 47–48, 72–73, 75

as Hormuz, 47

Indian trade with, 47

Karim in, 40, 46, 54

Venetian trade with, 64, 65, 71, 72, 74, 75, 81

see also
Babylon

Cairo: Biography of a City
(Aldridge), 52–53

calculus, 27, 37

Calderón de la Barca, Pedro, 282

calendar(s)

Gregorian, 22–23, 24

Islamic, 18, 40

monsoons marked on, 40

of Regiomantus, 150

Shoushi
astronomical, 22–28, 35, 41, 81, 93, 134, 135–36, 140, 154, 159, 235, 243, 248

Calicut, 8, 10, 38, 40, 42, 43–44, 46, 79, 86, 222

Calixtus III, pope, 134

Cambridge University, Pepys Library at, 28, 135–36

camera obscura, 36, 90, 137, 140, 156

Camões, Luis de, 10

canals, 45, 48–49, 52, 70, 130, 131, 206–9, 210–14, 253, 276

cannons, 16, 22, 41,
173,
174, 175, 219, 220, 223, 225–27, 237, 253, 259

Capac, Huayna, 273

Cape of Good Hope, 78, 79, 128, 140, 144–45, 151, 239, 240, 243

Captivating Views of the Ocean's Shores,
47

Caribbean, 105, 106, 107, 130, 242

Cassini, Giovanni Domenico, 139

Catholic Church, 45, 132–35, 150, 157–58, 249

see also
Jesuits; Papal States;
specific churches; specific clergy

Catholic Encyclopedia, The,
132

Caverio, Nicholas, 118

Central America, 121, 128, 130, 287

ceramics, Chinese, 46, 53–54, 57, 65, 76, 81, 268

see also
porcelain

Chambers, Geoffrey, 258–59

Chang Le epigraphy, 8

Chao Heng, 220

Charles V, king of Spain, 103

Chartres Cathedral, 197

Charts of Zheng He's Voyages, The,
42

Cheng Hua, 266

Chen Shuiyuan, 18–19

Chen Xin Lang, 46

Ch'iao Wei-Yo, 125, 207, 208

Chi dynasty, 171

Chile, 269–70, 271, 274, 276, 280

Ch'in Chiu-shao, 16, 161

Chinese Religions and National Minorities
(Bai Shouyi), 48

Chu Lung-Pin, 221

Church, Sally, 10, 266

Cicero, 235

Cid, El, 284

Cipangu, 96, 97, 100, 113, 114, 118, 120, 126

see also
Japan

citrus, 252

Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, The
(Burckhardt), 160

Clement IV, pope, 123

clocks, 36–37, 137, 140, 145

Codicetto
(di Georgio), 186, 190

coinage, 57–58, 133, 262, 265, 267, 274

Coloma, John, 105

Colombia River, Chinese settlements on, 268–69

Columbus, Bartholomew, 106, 151

Columbus, Christopher, xi, xii, xiv, 38, 67, 89, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104–5, 108, 109, 122, 126, 129, 130, 136, 139, 140, 151–52, 222, 238, 239, 242, 243, 284

comets, 24, 27, 135, 136–37, 140, 147, 158, 260–61, 262, 263–64

Coming of the Age of Steel, The
(Wertime), 218

Commines, Philippe de, 205

compass, 16, 17, 175

Compromise of Caspe, 285, 286

Condulmer, Gabriele, 96

Confucius, 125

conquistadores, Spanish, 253, 278–88

Contarini family, 74

Conti, Niccolò da, 44, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 103, 129

Contributions to Human History,
267

Cook, Captain, xii, 74, 152, 265

Copernicus, Copernican theory, 27, 243–48, 249–50, 251

copper, 58, 59, 231, 252, 265, 274

coral, 197

Coramandel, 40

Corfu, 65, 70

corn, 21, 52, 85, 189, 214, 253

Correr family, 74, 96

Corsali, Andrea, 240

Côrte-Real, Miguel, 241

Cortés, Hernan, 280, 284, 286, 287

Cortesão, Jaime, 241

Cosmos (monk), 132

Cossa, Baldassare, 87

Coster, Laurens Janszoon, 233–34

Cotner, Dave, 263, 264, 266

cotton, 21, 199–200, 252, 272, 275

Crete, 65, 72, 75, 77

Cribbs, Robert, 34–35, 37

Croatia, 64, 65–69, 72, 241–42

see also
Dalmatia

Crossman, L. S., 266

Crusades, 64, 75, 85, 115

Cryfts, Johann, 141

cryptography, 14, 156, 157, 159, 160, 161, 163, 251

currency, 58, 123, 274

currents, 17, 270–71

Curtze, 148

Customs and Institutions of the Old Capital
(Chou), 221

 

Dalmatia, 65–69, 72, 76, 241–42

see also
Croatia

Dandi Bandar, 43

Dandolo, Doge, 64, 75

Dandolo, Mario, 78

Darius, 50, 51

Dark Ages, Europe in, 57

Datini, Francesco di Marco, 87

Davies, Arthur, 105–6, 128

Deane, Thatcher E., 19

De Architettura
(Vitruvias), 187

de Chávez, Nuño de, 280

de Chávez family, 283

De Ingeneis
(Taccola), 182–83, 184, 190–91

Deng Yinke, 23

De Pictura
(Alberti), 156, 158–60, 161, 196, 251

De re Aedificatoria
(Alberti), 161, 213