Authors: Gavin Menzies
Lorenzetti, Ambrogio, 86
Lorenzetti, Giulio, 73
Lovric, A. Z., 67â68, 69, 70
Lu Ban, 168â69
Lucien, 51
Lud, Nicholas, 117
Lud, Vautrin, 117
Ludi matematici
(Alberti), 161, 162â63, 165
Lumi, 45, 132, 134
see also
Papal States; Rome
Lunde, Paul, 40
Â
Macedo, Justo Cáceres, 274
machines and mechanisms, 20â21, 166â96, 197â98, 199â204, 213â14,
217, 218
, 253, 266
Machinis, De
(Taccola), 182, 183, 184
Magellan, Ferdinand, xiâxii, xiv, 98, 101â4, 108, 110, 111, 112, 126, 129, 130, 238, 242
Magellan, Strait of, 78, 99, 101, 102â3, 112, 122, 126, 129, 130, 131
Ma Ha, 18
Mahdi, Al-, 52
Ma Huan, 43â44, 79
maize, 252, 275, 276
Makah, 266, 267
Madkrizi, al-, 52â53, 57
Malacca, 11, 40, 41, 239, 240
Malacca Strait, 39
Malik an-Nasir, al-, Sultan, 52
Mamluks, 45, 46, 53, 54, 58, 59, 72
mandarins, 3â5, 6
Mansur, Abu Ja'far al-, 52
Mantegna, Andrea, 214
Mantua, 76, 85
Manuel I, king of Portugal, 117
Maoris, 258â59, 260
map (s), 252, 286
Alberti's, 164â65
Chinese, 45, 47, 48, 70â71, 129, 130, 238â41, 272, 275
colored symbols on, 68
Columbus, 106â7
Conti's acquisition of, 44, 79
copies of, 235â36
di Virga's, 66
at Doges' Palace, 73â74, 77, 103, 128, 129, 130
Dom Pedro's, 78
German, with Dalmatian names, 68
Harris, 128, 272
Leonardo's, 165
Liu Gang's 1418, 273
Mamluk authorities on, 59
Marco Polo's, 128, 129, 130
Martellus's, 127â28
Medici family's patronage of, 87, 89, 157, 205
Piri Reis, xii, 130â31
Pizzigano's 1424, 73, 151
Portuguese, 101, 102
Regiomontanus's, 97â98, 108, 149, 153â54, 158
René II's, 116
Schöner's, 98, 99â100, 103â4, 107, 110, 112â14, 130, 131
Shanhai Yudi Quantu
, 130
Toscanelli's, 94â96, 97â98, 104, 119â26, 147, 158
Waldseemüller's 1507, xi, xii, 99, 103, 106â7, 110â28, 129, 238, 265
world, 9, 29, 89, 116, 238â41
Zatta's, 265
Zhu Siben's, 128
see also
Green Globe, of 1506
Mariano di Jacopo, 178
see also
Taccola, Mariano di Jacopo “the Jackdaw”
Martellus, Henricus, 127â28
Martinez de Roriz, Canon, 104
see also
Martins, Canon Fernan
Martin of Bohemia, 102
Martins, Canon Fernan, 94â97, 98, 118â19, 121, 126, 136, 140
Martin V, king of Aragon, 285
Martyrdom of the Franciscan Friars, The
(Lorenzetti), 86
Masaccio, 156â57
Ma Sa Yi Hei, 18
Maskelyne, Nevil, 152â53
Mästlin, Michael, 248
mathematics, 16, 125, 142, 145, 147â49, 176, 250, 251, 253, 254
Matzen, Andrew, 261
Mauro, Fra, 73, 89
Maya, the, 260, 279, 287
Mayer, Simon, 250
Mayor of Zalamea, The
(Calderón de la Barca), 282
Ma Zheng, 19
McGee, Timothy J., 88
McMillan, Hamilton, 242
Mecca, 23, 44, 45, 46, 47, 52, 56
Mechanical Problems, The
, 187
Medici, Cosimo de', 89, 90, 205
Medici, Giovanni de', 87, 88, 93
Medici, Lorenzo de', 90, 117
Medici family, 87â88, 89â90, 93, 157, 158, 200, 204â5, 219, 224
medicine, Arab and Chinese, 237
Medina-Sidonia, duchess of, 240, 242
Mediterranean, xv, 41, 43, 48, 53, 58, 59, 63, 70, 71, 77, 86, 201
Mengxi Bitan
(Shen), 231
mensa
, 88â89, 158
Menzies, Marcella, xiii, 50, 65, 66, 75, 106, 115, 166, 177, 181, 206, 214, 273
Merchant of Predo, The
(Origo), 58
Mesta, the, 282â83
Milan, 89, 166, 201, 210â11, 212, 214â15, 236, 253
Ming dynasty, 4, 5, 8, 9, 18, 19, 24, 37, 45, 54, 64, 132â33, 134, 137, 188, 227, 232â33, 239, 266
Ming Shi-lu
, 5, 10, 45, 47, 48, 266
Ming Shi Waigua Zhuan
, 47
Mirabilia
(Sévérac), 73
mirrors, 183
Misr, 50, 51â52, 53â54
see also
Cairo
Mithridates II, 197
Mocenigo, Tommaso, 76, 198
Mongols, 5, 6, 54â55, 69, 70, 80,
80
, 81â82, 86â87,
135
, 221, 269
see also
Avars
monsoons, 39, 42
moon, 26, 27, 29â38, 43, 90â91, 92, 135, 137, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 243, 250
Morocco, 45
Morrison, Tony, 130
mortars, 16, 174, 221, 222, 223, 253
Mosili, 47
see also
Cairo
Muhammad, 55
Mui, Rosa, 26, 250
Muiz, Caliph, 51â52
Müller, Johann, 143
see also
Regiomontanus
München Codex 197
, 223
Munoz, Inez, 280
Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera, 271â72
music, 236, 251
muskets, 219
Muslims, 18â19, 23â24, 44, 45, 124
see also
Islam
Â
Nanjing
astronomers in, 35
language school in, 124
navigation from, 6, 33, 36, 37, 39
shipbuilding in, 11
Zheng He 2002 conference at, 239
Zhu Di's victory at, 4
Narwhal
, HMS, 30, 32, 65
Native Americans, 71
see also
Indians, North American
Natural History
(Pliny), 51
Nautical Almanac
, 152â53
navigation
Arab, 17â19, 40, 154
author's experience in, 144
Chinese, 17, 18, 27â39, 40â43, 128, 129, 139â40, 149â51, 238, 241, 272
ephemeris tables for, 43, 98, 112, 140, 144â48, 149â53, 164, 187, 237, 243, 244, 245
importance of improved techniques for, 17, 19, 29, 252
inscriptions on charts, vii from Nanjing, 6, 33, 36, 37, 39
Peruvian, 274
printing valuable for, 235â36
“Starry Night” software for, 90, 150â51
sun declination tables for, 72, 138â39, 140, 146â47, 156, 158, 160, 243
Venetian, 72
see also specific navigational tools; specific navigators
“Navigator Ahmad Ibn Majid, The” (Lunde), 40
Necho II, pharaoh, 50, 51
Needham, Joseph, 15, 21, 139, 149, 153, 161, 164, 170, 189â90, 197, 203â4, 209, 218, 219, 223, 232â33, 234
Nei Kulan, 132â33
Nelson, Horatio, 41
Newman, Thomas M., 266
New Theory of Planets, A
(Peurbach), 143â44
Newton, Sir Isaac, 27, 247, 250
New World, 140, 144, 152, 157, 237, 241, 243, 252
see also
America; North America; South America
New Zealand, 257â63, 264, 276
Ng Say Tiong, 27
Nicholas of Cusa, 88, 121, 126, 134, 141â42, 143, 145â46, 154, 155, 158, 163, 243, 245, 248, 251, 254
Nicholas V, pope, 158
Nilometer, 52
Noble Spaniard, The
(Maugham), 281â82
Nom de l'Amérique, Le
(Ronsin), 118
North America
Chinese expedition to, 9, 43
Chinese horses in, 252, 277
copper in, 252
Croatian expedition to, 66â67, 70â71, 241â42
maps of, xii, 73â74, 77, 112â13, 128, 129
tsunami in, 266â69
see also
America; New World; South America
North Pole, 9, 32, 33, 42
see also
Arctic Pole
Notay, pope, 158
Notebook on Sea Bottom Currents
, 17
Notes on the Barbarians
, 9
Notes on the Barbarians in the Western Oceans
, 47
Novick, Gabriel, 271
Nujun AzZahira Fi Mulek Misr Wal Kahira, Al
(Tagri Birdi), 44
Nung Shu
, 20â21,
175
, 188, 189â94, 195, 197â98, 201â2, 209, 211, 212, 213, 216, 232
Â
oak, 72
observatories, 23, 137, 145, 260, 261
Oliver, John, 34
Olschki, Leonardo, 86â87
Omar Khayyám, 287
Onslaught
, HMS, 12
operas
, 88
Oregon, Chinese presence, 263â65
Orellana, Francisco de, 280, 281
Oriental Ceramic Society of France, 53
Origo, Iris, 58, 82
Ospedale Maggiore
(Filarete), 216
Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, 69, 70, 92
Ozette Archaeological Project Research Reports, 266â67
Â
Pachacuti, 276
Pacific Ocean, 110, 111, 112, 113, 121, 122, 128, 129, 130, 131, 238, 242, 270, 277, 281
Pan Biao, 11
Papal States, xv, 45, 87, 132â33, 134, 205
see also
Catholic Church; Jesuits;
specific popes
parachute, 169,
170
, 175, 177â79, 196
Parenti, Marco, 98
Parsons, William, 212
Pascal, Blaise, 15â16
Passaro, Berenzo de, 212
Patagonia, xiii, 67, 101, 130, 131
Paul III, pope, 245
Paulus the Physician, 119
see also
Toscanelli, Paolo
Payn, Marshall, 34
Pazzi family, 224
pearls, 20, 21, 96, 114, 120, 122, 125, 126, 133
Peckar, Stephen F., 261
Pedro, Dom, king of Portugal, 73, 77, 78, 79, 102, 126
Pelletier, Monique, 127
pepper, 95, 119, 122, 125
Pepys, Samuel, 24
perfume, 57, 58
Perii, Marijana, 69
Persia, Persians, 47, 57, 197, 219
Persian Gulf, 41, 43, 47, 239
perspective, 90, 143, 156â57, 158, 159â63, 165, 176, 195â96, 251, 253
Peru, 252, 269â70, 271â76, 280
Peruzzi family, 74
Peters, Winston, 259
Peter the Great, czar of Russia, 72
Peurbach, 143, 144, 145, 156, 246
Philippines, 68, 102
Pian del Carpine, Giovanni da, 73
Piero Averlino, Antonio di, 216
see also
Filarete
Pigafetta, Antonio, 102
pigs, 215, 262, 268, 278
pine, 11, 72
Pinturicchio, 133, 134
Pisa, 84, 89, 165, 204, 248
Pisanello, Antonio, 76, 79â81, 134,
135
, 214, 254
Pius II, pope, 133, 134, 205
Pizarro, Francisco, 253, 272, 273, 274, 275, 278, 280, 281, 287
Pizarro family, 278, 280, 282, 283
Pizzigano, Zuane, 73, 151
planets, 26, 27, 29â38, 135, 137, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153â54, 157, 159, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 253
see also
Jupiter
Plato, 57
Pliny, 51
plumb lines, 16
Polaris, 26, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 42, 43
Pollux, 43
Polo, Bellela, 129
Polo, Marco, 65, 73, 77, 79, 95, 103, 120, 122â23, 124â25, 126, 128, 129, 171â72, 207
Polo, Niccolò, 73, 95, 120, 123
polynyas
, 32
Ponce de León, Juan, 238
Poole, Stanley Lane, 46â47, 51
porcelain, 40, 44, 52, 53â54, 81, 266, 267
Pordenone, Odoric of, 73
Portugal, Portuguese, 104, 115, 121, 127, 239, 240, 241, 242â43, 284, 287
potatoes, 276
Powers, Major, 265
Prager, Frank D., 182, 183
Prazak, Charles, 242
“Pre-Columbian Discovery of America, The” (Cortesão), 241
Prehispanic Cultures of Peru
(Machedo), 274
printing, 125, 145, 174â75, 188, 231â37, 252, 253
Profiles of Foreign Countries
, 134
Promis, Carlo, 180
Ptolemy, 51, 132, 139, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147, 153, 154, 159, 164, 176, 243, 244, 247, 249
Puerto Rico, 106, 126, 151
Pula, 133
Pulau Rondo, 37, 42
Â
Qin dynasty, 48
Qing dynasty, 47
Quanzhou, 40, 46, 124, 174
Â
Raban Sauma
(Odoric), 73
Ramusio, Giambattista, 73
Raspadura Canal, 130
Reconquista, the, 281, 282, 284â85, 286
Records of Journeys to the Western Region
, 9
Records on Tributes from Western Oceans
, 47
Redmount, Carol A., 50
Red Sea, 39â48, 77, 239
Red SeaâNile canal, 45, 48â59, 70
Regiomontanus, 97â98, 101, 108, 112, 114, 118, 121, 134, 138, 139, 140, 142â54, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 164, 165, 238, 243â48, 251, 254
Reid, Anthony, 11
remainder theorum, Chinese, 147â49, 161
René II, duke of Lorraine, 115, 116, 117, 118