Authors: Gavin Menzies
Chapter 23: The Conquistadores' Inheritance: Our Lady of Victory
This chapter relies heavily on a series of lectures on Medieval Spain given by Dr. Christopher Pollard at Dillington House near Taunton, Somerset, which the author was privileged to attend in 1999. Please refer to the acknowledgments section.
A. Bibligraphy for Chapters 1â5 inclusive
Dreyer, Edward L.
Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405
â
1433.
London: Pearson Longman, 2006.
Mote, Frederick, and Denis C. Twitchett, eds.
The Cambridge History of China.
Vol. 7,
The Ming Dynasty, 1368
â
1644.
New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry.
Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle.
Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001.
Twitchett, Denis C., ed.
The Cambridge History of China.
Vol. 3,
Sui and T'ang China, 589
â
906 AD.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
Dreyer, Edward L.
Early Ming History: A Political History, 1355
â
1435.
Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1982.
âââ.
Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405
â
1433.
London: Pearson Longman, 2006.
J. J. L. Duyvendak. “The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century.”
T'oung Pou
(Leiden), no. 34 (1938).
Needham, Joseph.
Science and Civilisation in China.
7 vols. 30 sections. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1956â.
Reid, Anthony.
Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450
â
1680.
Vol. 2,
Expansion and Crisis.
New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1993.
Tai Peng Wang. Research papers available on www.gavinmenzies.net.
âââ. “Foreigners in Zheng He's Fleets,” Apr. 2006.
âââ. “A Tale of Globalisation in Ancient Asia,” Dec. 3, 2006.
âââ. “The Real Discoverer of the World,” ed. Lin GangâZheng He,” giving explanations relating to Zheng He 1418 map.
âââ. “The Most Startling Discovery from Zheng He's Treasure Shipyards by Prof. Pan Biao and My Response.”
âââ. “What Was the Route Taken by the Chinese Delegation to Florence in 1433.”
âââ. “Zheng He and His Envoys' Visits to Cairo in 1414 and 1433.”
Temple, Robert.
The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery & Invention.
London: Prion, 1998.
Needham, Joseph.
Science and Civilisation in China
. Vols. 27 and 30. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1956â.
Paul Lunde.
The Navigator Ahmed Ibn Majid.
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Saudi Aramco, 2004.
“A history of the Oversees Chinese in Africa.”
African Studies Review,
vol. 44, no. 1, April 2001.
Gang Den. “Yuan marine merchants and overseas voyages.” In
Minzu Shi Yanju,
Beijing 2005.
Hall, Richard.
Empires of the Monsoon: A History of the Indian Ocean and Its Invaders.
New York: HarperCollins, 1996.
Ibn Battuta.
The Travels of Ibn Battuta, AD 1325
â
1354,
Vol. 4. London: Hakluyt Society, 1994.
Poole, Stanley Lane.
A History of Egypt in the Middle Ages.
Frank Cass London 1894.
Yingzong Shi-lu.
Tai Peng Wang research papers, available on www.gavinmenzies.net.
âââ. “A Tale of Globalisation in Ancient Asia”
In this paper Tai Peng Wang argues that global trade from the Mediterranean to Australia existed in the Tang dynasty, during which massive quantities of export ceramics were fired in Chinese kilns and carried by Arab dhows and Chinese junks. Quanzhou was the principal port from Tang dynasty onward. Quanzhou became the hub of this trading web (Research paper in full on
1434
website)
-Liu Yu Kun, “Quanzhou Zai Nanhai Jiaotongshi Shang de diwei” (The significance of Quanzhou in the history of Nanhai trade). In
Xuesha Quanzhou
(Quanzhou studies), by Cai Yao Ping, Zhang Ming, and Wu Yuan Peng. Central Historical Text Publisher, 2003, pp. 144â45.
-Wang Gungwu,
The Nanhai Trade: Early Chinese Trade in the South China Sea.
Eastern Universities Press, 2003.
-Edward Schaefer. The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A study of Tang Exotics. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1991.
Tai Peng Wang research from papers:
“What was the route taken by the Chinese delegation to Florence in 1433 and what might that be?” and “Zheng He and his Envoys visits to Cairo in 1414 and 1433”
Tai Peng Wang's Main Points Relevant to Chapters 2, 3, 5:
âââ. “What was the Route Taken by the Chinese Delegation to Florence in 1433”
âââ. “Zheng He and His Envoys' Visit, to Cario in 1414 and 1433”
âââ. “Zheng He's Delegation to Papal Court of Florence”
B. Bibliography for Chapter 6
Aldridge, James.
Cairo: Biography of a City.
London: Macmillan, 1969.
Braudel, Fernand.
A History of Civilisations.
Translated by Richard Mayne. London: Penguin Books, 1993.
Payne, Robert.
The Canal Builders.
New York: Macmillan, 1959.
Poole, Stanley Lane.
A History of Egypt in the Middle Ages.
London: Frank Cass, 1894.
Origo, Iris.
The Merchant of Pratoo: Daily Life in a Medieval Italian City.
London: Penguin Books, 1992.
Redmount, Carol A. “The Wadi Tumilat and the Canal of the Pharaohs.”
Journal of Near Eastern Studies,
no. 54 (1995).
Al Makrizi, Ahmad Ibn Ali, “Histoire d'Egypt.” Translated by Edgard Blocher. Paris, 1908.
K. N. Chandhuri. “A Note on Ibn Taghri Birdi-Description of Chinese ships in Aden and Jedda.”
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
(1989) SJ 447.
C. Bibliography for Chapter 7
I have been travelling to Venice for fifty years and in total have spent months exploring her canals and museums. As may be expected, I have read a lot of books in that time. Four of these, in my view, give brilliant popular descriptions of this wonderful Byzantine city, half European, half Asian. These are Norwich's
Venice: the Greatness and Fall
and
Venice: the Rise to Empire;
Hibbert's
Venice: Biography of a City
; Lorenzetti's
Venice and Its Lagoon,
the bible of Venice; and
Venice: the Masque of Italy
by Brion. These four know Venice like the back of their hand, and it would be impertinent of me to attempt to improve on their rich descriptions. I have quoted extensively from them.
Alazard, Jean.
La Venise de la Renaissance.
Paris: Hachette, 1956.
Braudel, Fernand.
The Mediterranean in the Time of Philip II
. Translated by Sian Reynolds. London: Fontana, 1966.
âââ.
The Wheels of Commerce
. London: Penguin Books, 1993. Translated by Richard Mayne.
Brion, Marcel.
Venice: The Masque of Italy.
Translated by Neil Mann. London: Elek Books, 1962.
Hall, Richard.
Empires of the Monsoon: A History of the Indian Ocean and Its Invaders.
New York: HarperCollins, 1996.
Hibbert, Christopher.
Venice: Biography of a City.
Hutton, Edward.
Venice and Venetia
. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1989. London: Hollis and Carter 1954.
Lorenzetti, Giulio.
Venice and Its Lagoon
. Rome: Instituto Poligrafico Dello Stato, 1956.
Morris, Jan.
The Venetian Empire
. London: Penguin Books, 1990.
Norwich, John Julius.
Venice: The Greatness and Fall
. London: Allen Lane, 1981.
âââ.
Venice: The Rise to Empire
. London: Random House, 1989.
Olschki, Leonardo. “Asiatic Exotioism in Italian Art of the Early Renaissance.”
Art Bulletin
26, no. 2 (June 1994).
Origo, Iris. “The Domestic Enemy: The Eastern Slaves in Tuscany in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Century.”
Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies
30, no. 3 (July 1955).
Riviere-Sestier, M. “Venice and the Islands.” London: George G. Harrap & Company 1956.
Thompson, Guinnar PhD. “The Friars MAP of Ancient America 1360 AD.” WA: Pub Laura Lee Productions, 1996.
D. Bibliography for Chapters 8 and 9
Beck, James. “Leon Battista Alberti and the Night Sky at San Lorenzo.”
Artibus et Historiae
10, no. 19 (1989): 9â35.
Brown, Patricia Fortini. “
Laetentur Caeli:
The Council of Florence and the Astronomical Fresco in the Old Sacristy.”
Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institute
44 (1981): 176 ff.
Bruckner, Gene A.
Renaissance Florence
. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969.
Carmichael, Ann G.
Plague and Poor in Renaissance Florence.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
Hibbert, Christopher.
The House of Medici: Its Rise and Fall 1420
â
1440.
London: Penguin Books, 1974.
Hollingsworth, Mary.
Patronage in Renaissance Italy.
London: John Murray, 1994.
Jardine, Lisa.
Worldly Goods: A New History of the Renaissance.
London: Macmillan, 1996.
Olschki, Leonardo. “Asiatic Exoticism in Italian Art of the Early Renaissance.”
Art Bulletin
26, no. 2 (June 1994).
Origo, Iris.
The Merchant of Prato: Daily Life in a Medieval Italian City.
London: Penguin Books, 1963.
Plumb, J. H.
The Horizon Book of the Renaissance
. London: Collins, 1961.
Tai Peng Wang. “Zheng He's Delegation to the Papal Court of Florence.” This research paper was the stimulus for this book. It is available, with an extensive bibliography, on our website. The main points are as follows: